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Processing Into the Past: The Chaco South Road as a Multi-Century Religious Corridor 追溯过去:作为多世纪宗教走廊的查科南路
IF 2.3 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09753-1
Robert S. Weiner
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引用次数: 0
The First Occupations of Western Europe: Dispersals and Population Dynamics in the Early to Middle Pleistocene 西欧的第一次占领:早更新世到中更新世的扩散和种群动态
IF 2.3 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09752-2
Carolina Cucart-Mora, Diego Lombao, Antonio Pineda, Bruno Boemke, Beniamino Mecozzi, Marie-Hélène Moncel
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引用次数: 0
Snakes and Ladders: A technological approach to tool maintenance byproducts using module flake categories 蛇和梯子:一种使用模块薄片分类来处理工具维护副产品的技术方法
IF 2.3 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09754-0
David Nora, Ariel Malinsky-Buller, Boris Gasparyan, Artur Petrosyan, Ellery Frahm
The study of retouching, reshaping, and rejuvenation in lithic technology has traditionally focused on finished tools, overlooking the byproducts of these processes, particularly microdebitage. This emphasis has led to an incomplete understanding of the dynamic behaviours associated with tool maintenance and a lack of crucial information about prehistoric technological strategies. In this study, we address this knowledge gap. Specifically, we introduce a classification system for lithic byproducts resulting from retouching, reshaping, and rejuvenation techniques, categorising them into five modules (M0 through M4) based on lithic technological analysis. This methodology integrates the chaîne opératoire approach to analyse flakes without size thresholds. To demonstrate our approach, we apply it to lithic assemblages from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in Armenia, Kalavan 2 and Ararat-1 Cave. This enables a precise reconstruction of tool use-life and, in turn, the maintenance strategies of Pleistocene hunter-gatherers. Our findings demonstrate that microdebitage (byproducts) can contribute to a holistic view of decision-making, revealing patterns in tool maintenance and raw material provisioning. The module system provides insights on ‘ghost tools’ i., e., tools that are no longer present in the archaeological record, as well as curation behaviours and economic decisions regarding raw materials that were previously difficult to discern. By shifting the focus from finished artefacts to byproducts, this framework enhances our ability to interpret lithic assemblages and understand the adaptive strategies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers.
传统上,对岩屑技术的修饰、重塑和再生的研究主要集中在成品工具上,而忽略了这些过程的副产品,特别是微碎屑。这种强调导致了对与工具维护相关的动态行为的不完整理解,以及对史前技术策略的关键信息的缺乏。在这项研究中,我们解决了这一知识差距。具体来说,我们介绍了一个由润饰、重塑和年轻化技术产生的岩屑副产物的分类系统,根据岩屑技术分析将其分为五个模块(M0到M4)。该方法集成了cha ne opsamatoire方法来分析没有尺寸阈值的薄片。为了证明我们的方法,我们将其应用于亚美尼亚两个中期旧石器时代遗址Kalavan 2和Ararat-1洞穴的石器组合。这使我们能够精确地重建工具的使用寿命,进而了解更新世狩猎采集者的维护策略。我们的研究结果表明,微负债(副产品)有助于整体决策,揭示工具维护和原材料供应的模式。模块系统提供了对“幽灵工具”的见解,即不再存在于考古记录中的工具,以及关于以前难以辨别的原材料的管理行为和经济决策。通过将焦点从成品人工制品转移到副产品,该框架增强了我们解释石器组合和理解史前狩猎采集者适应策略的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Sinkhole Microcosms: Understanding Persistence of Place Through Variable Cultivation Strategies in Northeastern Yucatán, Mexico 天坑微观世界:通过不同的种植策略了解东北地区的持久性Yucatán,墨西哥
IF 2.3 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09746-0
Maia Dedrick, Patricia A. McAnany, Adolfo Iván Batún Alpuche, Elizabeth A. Webb, Isaac A. Hart
Sinkholes contributed to persistent human inhabitation of the northern Yucatán peninsula of Mexico for more than two millennia. Building on previous work on the use of sinkholes central to the town of Tahcabo and elsewhere in the Maya area, this study presents pollen, soil carbon isotope, radiocarbon, and artifactual evidence from four geomorphic features. They include the perennially wet cenote situated in the town center and three dry sinkholes ( rejolladas ) located in the commonly held lands ( ejido ) of the town. These features demonstrate striking variability in multispecies engagements with and within sinkholes, especially over the past 500 years, amid colonialism and more recent political contexts. Climate and political dynamics are implicated in the observed variability in agricultural practices. Community-engaged research often embraces a focus on persistent places, which can inspire contemporary people to reconnect with the past and with ancestors in ways that promote action to address challenges, such as adaptation to climate and other environmental change. Our research addresses long histories of sinkhole use to demonstrate the outcomes of variable cultivation strategies, such as increased biodiversity within towns and places of refuge, or conversely, production intensity and accelerated soil erosion into and mixing of sinkhole sediments.
天坑促成了人类在墨西哥半岛北部Yucatán的持续居住超过两千年。在先前对塔塔卡波镇中心和玛雅地区其他地方的地陷洞的研究基础上,本研究提出了来自四个地貌特征的花粉、土壤碳同位素、放射性碳和人工证据。它们包括位于城镇中心的常年潮湿的天然井和位于城镇共同持有的土地(ejido)的三个干燥的天坑(rejolladas)。这些特征表明,在过去500年里,特别是在殖民主义和最近的政治背景下,多物种与天坑的接触以及天坑内的差异惊人。气候和政治动态与观测到的农业实践变化有关。社区参与的研究通常关注持久的地方,这可以激励当代人以促进应对挑战的行动的方式与过去和祖先重新建立联系,例如适应气候和其他环境变化。我们的研究解决了天坑使用的长期历史,以证明不同种植策略的结果,例如增加城镇和避难所内的生物多样性,或者相反,生产强度和加速土壤侵蚀进入和天坑沉积物的混合。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating Broadscale Deep Learning for Maya Settlement Detection in G-LiHT Lidar 在g - light激光雷达中评估玛雅聚落检测的大规模深度学习
IF 2.3 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09741-5
Benjamin J. Britton, Alec McLellan, Jeffrey Brewer, Christopher Carr, Nicholas Dunning, Lin Liu
Examining Lidar data is an efficient way to detect ancient Maya features across the Yucatan Peninsula. Automated object detection powered by deep learning leverages Maya archaeologists’ specialist knowledge in detecting the presence of ancient Maya settlements. By using a broadscale approach in its training, our new efficient multi-regional model Q2000 achieves comparable performance across a significantly broader and more diverse geographic region. This study addresses the current limitation of small-scale, area-specific models to generalize characteristics and properly detect a diverse range of target objects over a large area. This study introduces the foundational development of a broadscale, multi-region convolutional neural network (CNN) object detection model utilizing Lidar data across a significantly larger extent of the Maya area (approximately 35,584 km 2 ). This model achieved accuracies comparable to previous local studies that relied on the annotation of a larger number of structures within smaller, more homogeneous areas. Comparative analysis of the model's test results indicates enhanced generalization across diverse topographic regions when trained on multi-area data, achieving a robust F1 Score of 0.89, even with a relatively small training sample set. Our results further indicate that a broadscale approach to deep learning is efficient, and that a pan-Yucatan model can be effective.
检查激光雷达数据是检测尤卡坦半岛古玛雅特征的有效方法。由深度学习驱动的自动对象检测利用玛雅考古学家的专业知识来检测古玛雅定居点的存在。通过在训练中使用广泛的方法,我们新的高效多区域模型Q2000在更广泛和更多样化的地理区域内实现了可比的性能。该研究解决了目前小规模、特定区域模型的局限性,无法概括特征并正确检测大面积上不同范围的目标物体。本研究介绍了一种广泛的、多区域卷积神经网络(CNN)目标检测模型的基础开发,该模型利用激光雷达数据在玛雅地区(大约35,584 km 2)的更大范围内进行检测。该模型达到了与之前的局部研究相当的精度,这些研究依赖于在更小、更均匀的区域内标注更多的结构。对模型测试结果的对比分析表明,当在多区域数据上进行训练时,模型在不同地形区域的泛化能力增强,即使在相对较小的训练样本集上,F1得分也达到了0.89的鲁棒性。我们的研究结果进一步表明,大规模的深度学习方法是有效的,泛尤卡坦模型也是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Graffiti, Atmosphere, and the Structure of Feeling of Marginal Places 涂鸦、氛围与边缘场所的感觉结构
IF 2.3 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09747-z
Peter Whitridge
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引用次数: 0
Agricultural Infrastructure Detection Through Multispectral Satellite Remote Sensing and PeruSAT-1 Images in Huarochirí, Peru 秘鲁Huarochirí多光谱卫星遥感和PeruSAT-1图像农业基础设施探测
IF 2.3 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09742-4
Gabriela Oré Menéndez
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引用次数: 0
Bayesian Inference of Sex-Specific Mortality Profiles and Product Yields from Unsexed Cattle Zooarchaeological Remains 动物考古遗存中无性别的牛的死亡率和产品产量的贝叶斯推断
IF 2.3 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09749-x
Yoan Diekmann, Rosalind E. Gillis, Ziye Lu, Anna Rudzinski, Maria De Iorio, Mark G. Thomas
Zooarchaeological age-at-death profiles for domesticated ruminants can be inferred from tooth eruption, replacement, and wear. These profiles contain important information on slaughter management and have been used informally to infer the goals of past husbandry strategies. In principle, sex-specific survival curves could inform on various productivity parameters, including herd growth rates and sustainability, milk and meat yields, macronutrient and calorie yields, and feed consumed. Knowledge of these parameter values would allow identification of differences in husbandry economics in different archaeological contexts. However, archaeological age-at-death profiles are rarely sex-specific and are often derived from small sample sizes. As such, challenges remain in inferring sex-specific survival curves using explicit models that account for sampling uncertainty. We present a Bayesian inference approach for inferring sex-specific survival curves from unsexed cattle zooarchaeological age-at-death profiles that can accommodate data from any combination of age class boundaries. Our approach relies on the assumption that asymmetric sex-specific slaughter leads to a change in sex ratio over time, which we inform from slaughter practices in modern unimproved cattle herds. By combining inferred sex-specific archaeological survival curves with ethnographic productivity data from modern unimproved cattle, we are able to estimate herd growth rate, milk and meat yields, macronutrient and calorie yields, and feed consumed per animal. We apply our approach to zooarchaeological age-at-death profiles previously proposed to prioritise milk or meat production and to a set of profiles from ten Neolithic sites located across Europe. We infer that there was scope for improvement in prehistoric slaughter management.
驯养反刍动物的动物考古学死亡年龄可以从牙齿的长出、更换和磨损推断出来。这些资料包含屠宰管理方面的重要信息,并已被非正式地用于推断过去畜牧业战略的目标。原则上,性别特异性生存曲线可以为各种生产力参数提供信息,包括畜群生长率和可持续性、奶和肉产量、常量营养素和卡路里产量以及饲料消耗量。这些参数值的知识将允许识别不同考古背景下畜牧业经济的差异。然而,考古的死亡年龄概况很少有性别特异性,而且往往来自小样本量。因此,在使用解释采样不确定性的明确模型推断性别特异性生存曲线方面仍然存在挑战。我们提出了一种贝叶斯推理方法,用于从无性别的牛动物考古死亡年龄剖面中推断性别特异性生存曲线,该方法可以容纳来自任何年龄类别边界组合的数据。我们的方法依赖于不对称的性别特异性屠宰导致性别比例随时间变化的假设,这是我们从现代未改良牛群的屠宰实践中得知的。通过将推断的性别特定的考古生存曲线与来自现代未改良牛的民族志生产力数据相结合,我们能够估计牛群的生长率、牛奶和肉类产量、常量营养素和卡路里产量以及每头牛的饲料消耗量。我们将我们的方法应用于先前提出的动物考古死亡年龄概况,以优先考虑牛奶或肉类生产,以及位于欧洲各地的10个新石器时代遗址的一组概况。我们推断史前屠宰管理还有改进的余地。
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引用次数: 0
Qualitative and Quantitative Use-Wear Analysis of Percussive Stone Tools from Nyayanga (Homa Peninsula, Kenya) 肯尼亚霍马半岛尼亚扬加地区冲击性石器的定性和定量使用磨损分析
IF 2.3 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09744-2
Isabella Caricola, Luigi Germinario, Emma M. Finestone, Claudio Mazzoli, Laura Bishop, James S. Oliver, Rahab N. Kinyanjui, Peter W. Ditchfield, Richard Potts, Cristina Lemorini, Thomas W. Plummer
This study presents a comprehensive examination of the function of 26 percussive stone tools (PSTs) from Nyayanga, an Oldowan site located on the Homa Peninsula in southwestern Kenya. These artifacts, dating between 3.032 to 2.581 million years ago, were found together with hominin remains and animal fossils with stone tool butchery damage. To determine the function of the PSTs, we adopted a multiscale approach that combines qualitative use-wear analysis using microscopic techniques at low and high power approaches with quantitative analysis, employing 3D surface models generated with profilometry. These analyses indicate that Nyayanga hominins used PSTs to access both plant (e.g., USOs) and animal (bone marrow) nutrients. The inferred multifunctionality of these tools hints at diverse dietary strategies and contributes to our understanding of human technological evolution.
本研究对位于肯尼亚西南部霍马半岛的奥尔多瓦遗址Nyayanga的26件冲击性石器(pst)的功能进行了全面检查。这些文物的年代在3032万到258.1万年前,与人类遗骸和动物化石一起被发现,这些化石上有石器屠杀的痕迹。为了确定pst的功能,我们采用了一种多尺度方法,将定性使用磨损分析与定量分析结合起来,使用低功率和高功率方法使用微观技术,使用轮廓术生成的3D表面模型。这些分析表明,Nyayanga古人类利用pst获取植物(如USOs)和动物(骨髓)营养。推断出这些工具的多功能性暗示了不同的饮食策略,并有助于我们对人类技术进化的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Technological Trajectories in Iron Smelting: Slag Signatures, Recipes, and Traditions from Phnom Dek (Cambodia, 7th–20th c. CE) 炼铁的技术轨迹:金边的炉渣特征、配方和传统(柬埔寨,公元7 - 20世纪)
IF 2.3 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-025-09740-6
Stéphanie Leroy, Mitch Hendrickson, Enrique Vega, Quan Hua, Kaseka Phon
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
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