Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2023.2229775
Andrew Newsham, Lars Otto Naess, Khamaldin Mutabazi, Toendepi Shonhe, Gideon Boniface, Tsitsidzashe Bvute
ABSTRACTSmallholder agricultural commercialization is a central objective across Africa, one linked to poverty reduction, sectoral transformation and increasingly, climate resilience and adaptation. There is much attention given to the extent to which agricultural commercialization serves to reduce poverty, but less to the commercialization pathways that lead towards or away from that outcome. There are, likewise, many studies that project hugely adverse future impacts of climate change on commercial agricultural production, but surprisingly little empirical work on how climate impacts are affecting current agricultural commercialization prospects and pathways for smallholder farmers. This paper, therefore, offers an analysis of levels of climate vulnerability and resilience within existing commercialization pathways in Tanzania and Zimbabwe. It embeds the account within an analysis of the underlying causes of uneven distributions of vulnerability and resilience. We find that while being able to practise commercially viable agriculture can contribute to resilience, it does not do so for the people who most need commercialization to reduce poverty. It is more common for farmers to face what we term an adaptation trap. We conclude by considering what these cases add to our understanding of climate-smart agriculture (CSA).KEYWORDS: Agricultural commercializationadaptationresilienceclimate changevulnerability Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 See Newsham et al. (Citation2021) for more detailed exposition of the PAR framework, tensions and unacknowledged overlaps with relational ontological thinking.2 The empirical material in this section is drawn from the longer case studies of Mutabazi and Boniface (Citation2021) for Tanzania, and Newsham et al. (Citation2021) for Zimbabwe.3 The farmers (Nyiramba) settled first on upland as lowland plains were seen barren and vulnerable to flooding. The pastoral Sukuma arrived later and settled with their livestock on the vast the lowland floodplains. The Sukuma had experience in lowland paddy farming using the majaruba system to contain rainwater for paddy production. Over recent times, rains have been in most cases falling above long-term averages, hence supported paddy production – but occasionally falling violently causing devastating flash floods.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office: [Grant Number 12345].Notes on contributorsAndrew NewshamAndrew Newsham is a senior lecturer in the department of development studies at SOAS, University of London. He works on social-environmental relations in Southern Africa and South America, specifically climate change adaptation and conservation and development. His publications are available here.Lars Otto NaessLars Otto Naess is a research fellow at the Institute of Development Studies, UK, co-leading their Resource Politics and Environmental Change Cluste
摘要小农农业商业化是整个非洲的一个中心目标，它与减贫、部门转型以及日益增长的气候适应能力联系在一起。人们对农业商业化在多大程度上有助于减少贫困给予了很大的关注，但对通向或远离这一结果的商业化途径关注较少。同样，也有许多研究预测气候变化对商业农业生产的未来巨大不利影响，但令人惊讶的是，关于气候影响如何影响当前农业商业化前景和小农途径的实证研究很少。因此，本文分析了坦桑尼亚和津巴布韦现有商业化途径中的气候脆弱性和复原力水平。它将这种解释嵌入到对脆弱性和复原力分布不均的根本原因的分析中。我们发现，虽然能够实践商业上可行的农业有助于增强抵御力，但对于最需要商业化来减少贫困的人来说，它并没有这样做。对农民来说，更常见的是面临我们所说的“适应陷阱”。最后，我们考虑了这些案例对我们理解气候智慧型农业(CSA)的帮助。关键词:农业商业化、适应性、复原力、气候变化脆弱性披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1参见Newsham等人(Citation2021)对PAR框架、关系本体论思维的紧张关系和未被承认的重叠进行了更详细的阐述本节的经验材料来自坦桑尼亚的Mutabazi和Boniface (Citation2021)和津巴布韦的Newsham等人(Citation2021)的较长的案例研究。3农民(Nyiramba)首先在高地定居，因为低地平原被认为是贫瘠的，容易受到洪水的影响。游牧的苏库马人后来来到这里，带着他们的牲畜在广阔的低地洪泛区定居下来。苏库马人在低地水田种植方面有使用majaruba系统来容纳雨水以生产水田的经验。近年来，降雨在大多数情况下都高于长期平均水平，因此支持了水稻生产，但偶尔也会出现剧烈降雨，造成毁灭性的山洪暴发。本研究由外交、联邦和发展办公室资助:[资助号12345]。作者简介:andrew Newsham，伦敦大学亚非学院发展研究系高级讲师。他主要研究非洲南部和南美洲的社会环境关系，特别是气候变化的适应、保护和发展。他的出版物可以在这里找到。Lars Otto Naess，英国发展研究所研究员，共同领导资源政治和环境变化小组。他的研究集中在气候变化的社会和制度层面，国家和地方层面气候变化政策过程的政治经济学，以及地方知识在适应气候变化中的作用。Khamaldin Mutabazi，坦桑尼亚索科因农业大学(SUA)经济与商业研究学院贸易与投资系副教授。他教授农业经济学，研究方向为气候变化经济学、小农商业化和可持续粮食系统。Toendepi Shonhe是塔博·姆贝基非洲公共和国际事务学院的政治经济学家。他的研究兴趣是农业变化及其与全球南方经济发展的交集。他发表了大量关于南部非洲土地改革和农业商业化的文章。Gideon Boniface是一名独立研究员、程序员和数据分析师。他持有坦桑尼亚莫罗戈罗Sokoine University of Agriculture的农业经济学硕士学位和园艺学士学位。他的专业领域和研究兴趣包括农作物的生产和营销以及计算机编程和分析。Tsitsidzashe Bvute是约翰内斯堡大学的一名博士研究员。她的研究重点是宗教和移民的政治经济学及其对危机经济体(如津巴布韦)生计的影响。
{"title":"Precarious prospects? Exploring climate resilience of agricultural commercialization pathways in Tanzania and Zimbabwe","authors":"Andrew Newsham, Lars Otto Naess, Khamaldin Mutabazi, Toendepi Shonhe, Gideon Boniface, Tsitsidzashe Bvute","doi":"10.1080/17565529.2023.2229775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2229775","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTSmallholder agricultural commercialization is a central objective across Africa, one linked to poverty reduction, sectoral transformation and increasingly, climate resilience and adaptation. There is much attention given to the extent to which agricultural commercialization serves to reduce poverty, but less to the commercialization pathways that lead towards or away from that outcome. There are, likewise, many studies that project hugely adverse future impacts of climate change on commercial agricultural production, but surprisingly little empirical work on how climate impacts are affecting current agricultural commercialization prospects and pathways for smallholder farmers. This paper, therefore, offers an analysis of levels of climate vulnerability and resilience within existing commercialization pathways in Tanzania and Zimbabwe. It embeds the account within an analysis of the underlying causes of uneven distributions of vulnerability and resilience. We find that while being able to practise commercially viable agriculture can contribute to resilience, it does not do so for the people who most need commercialization to reduce poverty. It is more common for farmers to face what we term an adaptation trap. We conclude by considering what these cases add to our understanding of climate-smart agriculture (CSA).KEYWORDS: Agricultural commercializationadaptationresilienceclimate changevulnerability Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 See Newsham et al. (Citation2021) for more detailed exposition of the PAR framework, tensions and unacknowledged overlaps with relational ontological thinking.2 The empirical material in this section is drawn from the longer case studies of Mutabazi and Boniface (Citation2021) for Tanzania, and Newsham et al. (Citation2021) for Zimbabwe.3 The farmers (Nyiramba) settled first on upland as lowland plains were seen barren and vulnerable to flooding. The pastoral Sukuma arrived later and settled with their livestock on the vast the lowland floodplains. The Sukuma had experience in lowland paddy farming using the majaruba system to contain rainwater for paddy production. Over recent times, rains have been in most cases falling above long-term averages, hence supported paddy production – but occasionally falling violently causing devastating flash floods.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office: [Grant Number 12345].Notes on contributorsAndrew NewshamAndrew Newsham is a senior lecturer in the department of development studies at SOAS, University of London. He works on social-environmental relations in Southern Africa and South America, specifically climate change adaptation and conservation and development. His publications are available here.Lars Otto NaessLars Otto Naess is a research fellow at the Institute of Development Studies, UK, co-leading their Resource Politics and Environmental Change Cluste","PeriodicalId":47734,"journal":{"name":"Climate and Development","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2023.2229776
Iman Islami, Fatemeh Ghanbari, Hossein Azadi
{"title":"Polycentric governance systems: addressing the power gap centered on climate entrepreneurs in Semnan Province of Iran","authors":"Iman Islami, Fatemeh Ghanbari, Hossein Azadi","doi":"10.1080/17565529.2023.2229776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2229776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47734,"journal":{"name":"Climate and Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2023.2253773
Dina Najjar, Bipasha Baruah
{"title":"“Even the goats feel the heat:” gender, livestock rearing, rangeland cultivation, and climate change adaptation in Tunisia","authors":"Dina Najjar, Bipasha Baruah","doi":"10.1080/17565529.2023.2253773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2253773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47734,"journal":{"name":"Climate and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47837290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2023.2247388
Debasish Prusty, Amit Garg, Umesh Solanki, Jyoti Maheshwari
{"title":"An accounting framework for implementing India’s NDCs and reporting the capacity building needs in the context of the Paris rulebook","authors":"Debasish Prusty, Amit Garg, Umesh Solanki, Jyoti Maheshwari","doi":"10.1080/17565529.2023.2247388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2247388","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47734,"journal":{"name":"Climate and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2023.2246038
D. Yimam, N. Holvoet
{"title":"Unpacking the invisible complex realities: intersections of gender and marital status in determining the intrinsic vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate change in Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"D. Yimam, N. Holvoet","doi":"10.1080/17565529.2023.2246038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2246038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47734,"journal":{"name":"Climate and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49014534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2023.2227148
N. Webster
{"title":"Shaping spaces: governance and climate-related mobility in Ethiopia","authors":"N. Webster","doi":"10.1080/17565529.2023.2227148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2227148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47734,"journal":{"name":"Climate and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48498595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2023.2209551
Javad Masoumi Jashni, Mohsen Hamidian Pour, M. Ghorbani, Ahsen Işık Özgüven, A. Kurban, Hossein Azadi
{"title":"Measuring the farmers’ vulnerability to climate change in Tashk and Bakhtegan Lakes in Iran","authors":"Javad Masoumi Jashni, Mohsen Hamidian Pour, M. Ghorbani, Ahsen Işık Özgüven, A. Kurban, Hossein Azadi","doi":"10.1080/17565529.2023.2209551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2209551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47734,"journal":{"name":"Climate and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47007217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2023.2246031
Hambulo Ngoma, Arden Finn, Mulako Kabisa
Climate and weather shocks pose risks to livelihoods in Southern Africa. We assess the extent to which smallholders are exposed to climate shocks in Zambia and how behavioural choices influence the negative effects of these shocks on vulnerability and resilience. We use household data from the nationally representative Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Survey and employ an instrumental variable probit regression model to control for the endogeneity of key choice variables. There are four main findings. First, droughts are the most prevalent climate shock faced by rural smallholder farmers in Zambia, but the extent of exposure differs spatially, with the Southern and Western Provinces being the hardest hit. Nationally, 76% of all smallholder farmers are vulnerable and only 24% are resilient, with female households most vulnerable. Second, increased climate shocks correlate with both increased vulnerability and reduced resilience, with short- and long-term deviations in seasonal rainfall worsening vulnerability and resilience. Third, higher asset endowments and education are correlated with reduced vulnerability and increased resilience. And last, climate-smart agricultural practices significantly improve household resilience. These findings imply a need to support scaling of climate-smart agricultural technologies and to invest in risk mitigation strategies such as weather-indexed insurance and targeted social cash transfers.
{"title":"Climate shocks, vulnerability, resilience and livelihoods in rural Zambia","authors":"Hambulo Ngoma, Arden Finn, Mulako Kabisa","doi":"10.1080/17565529.2023.2246031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2246031","url":null,"abstract":"Climate and weather shocks pose risks to livelihoods in Southern Africa. We assess the extent to which smallholders are exposed to climate shocks in Zambia and how behavioural choices influence the negative effects of these shocks on vulnerability and resilience. We use household data from the nationally representative Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Survey and employ an instrumental variable probit regression model to control for the endogeneity of key choice variables. There are four main findings. First, droughts are the most prevalent climate shock faced by rural smallholder farmers in Zambia, but the extent of exposure differs spatially, with the Southern and Western Provinces being the hardest hit. Nationally, 76% of all smallholder farmers are vulnerable and only 24% are resilient, with female households most vulnerable. Second, increased climate shocks correlate with both increased vulnerability and reduced resilience, with short- and long-term deviations in seasonal rainfall worsening vulnerability and resilience. Third, higher asset endowments and education are correlated with reduced vulnerability and increased resilience. And last, climate-smart agricultural practices significantly improve household resilience. These findings imply a need to support scaling of climate-smart agricultural technologies and to invest in risk mitigation strategies such as weather-indexed insurance and targeted social cash transfers.","PeriodicalId":47734,"journal":{"name":"Climate and Development","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136391298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2023.2243612
S. Opiyo, S. Letema, Godwin Opinde
{"title":"Characterizing rural households’ livelihood vulnerability to climate change and extremes in Migori River Watershed, Kenya","authors":"S. Opiyo, S. Letema, Godwin Opinde","doi":"10.1080/17565529.2023.2243612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2243612","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47734,"journal":{"name":"Climate and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44450453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2023.2236587
P. Koomson
{"title":"Participating under constraints: roles and limitations of rural women’s involvement in climate change adaptation planning and implementation in Ghana","authors":"P. Koomson","doi":"10.1080/17565529.2023.2236587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2236587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47734,"journal":{"name":"Climate and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43996028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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