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Multi-day Neuron Tracking in High Density Electrophysiology Recordings using EMD. 利用 EMD 对高密度电生理学记录中的神经元进行多日追踪。
2区 经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-04-28 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551724
Augustine Xiaoran Yuan, Jennifer Colonell, Anna Lebedeva, Michael Okun, Adam S Charles, Timothy D Harris

Accurate tracking of the same neurons across multiple days is crucial for studying changes in neuronal activity during learning and adaptation. Advances in high density extracellular electrophysiology recording probes, such as Neuropixels, provide a promising avenue to accomplish this goal. Identifying the same neurons in multiple recordings is, however, complicated by non-rigid movement of the tissue relative to the recording sites (drift) and loss of signal from some neurons. Here we propose a neuron tracking method that can identify the same cells independent of firing statistics, that are used by most existing methods. Our method is based on between-day non-rigid alignment of spike sorted clusters. We verified the same cell identity in mice using measured visual receptive fields. This method succeeds on datasets separated from one to 47 days, with an 84% average recovery rate.

在学习和适应过程中,对同一神经元进行多天精确跟踪对于研究神经元活动的变化至关重要。高密度细胞外电生理学记录探针(如 Neuropixels)的新进展为实现这一目标提供了很好的途径。然而,由于组织相对于记录点的非刚性运动(漂移)以及某些神经元信号的丢失,在多次记录中识别相同神经元变得复杂。在这里,我们提出了一种神经元追踪方法,它可以识别相同的细胞,而不受大多数现有方法所使用的发射统计量的影响。我们的方法基于尖峰分类群的日间非刚性排列。我们使用测量的视觉感受野验证了同一细胞的识别。这种方法在间隔 1 到 47 天的数据集上取得了成功,平均恢复率为 84%。
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引用次数: 0
The cultural and creative economy in Italy: Spatial patterns in peripheral areas 意大利的文化和创意经济:边缘地区的空间模式
IF 3.1 2区 经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1177/09697764231222221
A. Crociata, Adriana C. Pinate, Giulia Urso
In this article, we analyse the structure of the Italian cultural and creative economy, focusing on peripheral areas. We highlight patterns of specialisation and spatial dependency through employment data and firms’ data. In addition, we develop a novel data set by collecting data that use the least aggregated territorial unit, that is, Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 4 (from the French version Nomenclature des Unités territoriales statistiques); thus, we create a harmonised taxonomy of cultural and creative industries at a four-digit level. Our multi-step analysis highlights specific geographical patterns and a clear spatial organisation in inner areas. This study’s results may benefit evidence-based policy-setting in the under-investigated context of culture-led development and the creative economy of peripheral areas. JEL classifications: L8, R12
本文分析了意大利文化和创意经济的结构,重点关注边缘地区。我们通过就业数据和企业数据强调了专业化模式和空间依赖性。此外,我们还开发了一个新颖的数据集,通过收集使用最小汇总地域单位的数据,即统计级别 4 的地域单位命名法(来自法文版 Nomenclature des Unités territoriales statistiques);因此,我们创建了一个四位数级别的文化创意产业统一分类法。我们的多步骤分析凸显了特定的地理模式和内部地区清晰的空间组织。这项研究的结果可能有利于在文化带动发展和外围地区创意经济的背景下制定以证据为基础的政策。JEL 分类:L8, R12
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引用次数: 0
The regularity of informality: Reframing the formal–informal relationship with the help of informal housing in London 非正规性的规律性:借助伦敦非正规住房重塑正规-非正规关系
IF 3.1 2区 经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/09697764231212603
Emily Kelling
The article suggests distinguishing between illegality as a practical phenomenon and informal regulations as a structuring feature of everyday life. This allows rethinking the role of the law and regulation in contexts of urban informality, showing that the law, and formality more generally, is connected to the informal in that the formal only receives its meaning and relevance through the informal. The concepts are illustrated by case material from informal housing and what is known as ‘beds in sheds’ in London.
文章建议区分作为实际现象的非法性和作为日常生活结构特征的非正式法规。这有助于重新思考法律和法规在城市非正规性背景下的作用,表明法律以及更广泛意义上的正规性与非正规性息息相关,因为正规性只有通过非正规性才能获得其意义和相关性。伦敦非正规住房和所谓 "棚屋床铺 "的案例材料对这些概念进行了说明。
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引用次数: 0
The role of cities in the reconstruction of Ukraine 城市在乌克兰重建中的作用
IF 3.1 2区 经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/09697764231219914
A. Szpak, Robert Gawłowski, Joanna Modrzyńska, P. Modrzyński, Michał Dahl
Throughout human history, cities have been targeted in wars due to their significance for politics, economy, communication and population. Today such Ukrainian cities as Kyiv, Mariupol, Kharkiv and Irpin can be added to this list. This commentary focuses on the long-term challenge of the reconstruction of Ukraine and the role cities may play in this process given their growing role in international decision-making processes. These roles include through the bilateral channels of the twin or sister cities system and international and national city networks. Furthermore, such reconstruction efforts are already evident in Ukraine and highlight how city support activities are not limited only to the post-conflict phase.
在人类历史上,城市因其对政治、经济、通讯和人口的重要性而成为战争的目标。如今,基辅、马里乌波尔、哈尔科夫和伊尔平等乌克兰城市也在此列。本评论的重点是乌克兰重建的长期挑战,以及城市在国际决策过程中发挥的日益重要的作用。这些作用包括通过姊妹城市系统以及国际和国家城市网络的双边渠道。此外,这种重建努力在乌克兰已经很明显,突出了城市支持活动不仅限于冲突后阶段。
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引用次数: 0
Everyday sustainability transitions through using green buildings: Spatial perspectives on materialities, discourses, and lived sustainabilities 通过使用绿色建筑实现日常可持续性转变:关于物质性、话语和生活可持续性的空间视角
IF 3.1 2区 经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/09697764231216407
Julia Affolderbach, Kirstie O’Neill
In 2019, governments across Europe set the goal to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Through its high share of energy use and carbon emissions, the building sector is seen as central in this endeavor. While European Union (EU) and national regulation and incentive schemes provide an important context, how green building is realized often plays out at subnational spatial scales, including how green buildings are designed and embedded in existing regional and local (infra)structures. More localized scales can be especially important when considering the sustainability of buildings in operation. In contrast to the design and construction phases of green buildings, very little attention has been paid to post-occupancy studies and the practices of building users in enabling or constraining sustainability transitions. These actors are, however, crucial in reducing carbon emissions as a fabric-only or technologically-focused approach will be insufficient. This article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the role of building users and the impact of green buildings once in operation through the frame of lived sustainabilities. It focuses on changes shaped by interdependences between discourses on green buildings including expectations, framings and understandings, activities as associated with living and working in buildings, as well as materialities of green buildings. Furthermore, we present a research agenda that highlights how wider everyday practices are affected by the entangled spatial dimensions of sustainability transitions which define different contexts and bring to the fore the role and importance of spatial scales in terms of the impact green buildings might have.
2019 年,欧洲各国政府制定了到 2050 年实现温室气体净零排放的目标。由于建筑行业在能源使用和碳排放中所占比例较高,因此被视为这一目标的核心。虽然欧盟(EU)和国家法规及激励计划提供了一个重要的背景,但如何实现绿色建筑往往在次国家空间尺度上发挥作用,包括如何设计绿色建筑并将其嵌入现有的区域和地方(基础设施)结构中。在考虑建筑运行的可持续性时,更多的地方尺度可能尤为重要。与绿色建筑的设计和施工阶段相比,人们很少关注建筑使用后的研究以及建筑使用者在促进或限制可持续性转型方面的做法。然而,这些参与者在减少碳排放方面至关重要,因为只关注结构或技术的方法是不够的。本文试图通过 "居住可持续性 "的框架,帮助人们更好地理解建筑使用者的作用以及绿色建筑投入使用后的影响。文章重点关注绿色建筑相关论述(包括期望、框架和理解)、与在建筑中生活和工作相关的活动以及绿色建筑的物质性之间的相互依存关系所带来的变化。此外,我们还提出了一个研究议程,强调更广泛的日常实践如何受到可持续发展过渡的纠缠不清的空间维度的影响,这些维度界定了不同的背景,并突出了空间尺度在绿色建筑可能产生的影响方面的作用和重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Housing markets and geographical labour mobility to high-productivity regions: The case of Stockholm 住房市场和劳动力向高生产力地区的地域流动:斯德哥尔摩案例
IF 3.1 2区 经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/09697764231210791
Kent Eliasson, O. Westerlund
In many countries, there are signs of declining migration to high-productivity urban areas due to restrictions in the housing market and increasing regional differences in housing prices. Using detailed population-wide register data for Sweden, we estimate how regional variation in housing prices and homeownership is associated with the individual’s decision whether to accept a job offer in the Stockholm metropolitan region and the interrelated choice between migration and commuting as the mobility mode. Our findings indicate that high relative housing prices in the Stockholm area and homeownership are associated with decreasing total geographical labour mobility to the region. This is pronounced among the young and among highly skilled workers. The negative effects of high relative housing prices and homeownership on migration are partially but not fully compensated by positive effects on commuting to Stockholm.
在许多国家,由于住房市场的限制和住房价格地区差异的扩大,向高生产力城市地区的移民有减少的迹象。我们利用瑞典详细的全人口登记数据,估算了住房价格和房屋所有权的地区差异如何与个人是否接受斯德哥尔摩大都会地区工作机会的决定以及移民和通勤作为流动方式之间的相互关联选择相关联。我们的研究结果表明,斯德哥尔摩地区相对较高的房价和房屋所有权与该地区劳动力地域流动总量的减少有关。这种情况在年轻人和高技能工人中尤为明显。高相对住房价格和住房自有率对移民的负面影响被通往斯德哥尔摩的积极影响部分弥补,但并不完全。
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引用次数: 0
Interrogating the origins of informal urbanisation: A socio-historical analysis from Paris and Madrid (1850s–1970s) 探究非正规城市化的起源:巴黎和马德里的社会历史分析(19 世纪 50 年代至 70 年代)
IF 3.1 2区 经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/09697764231203550
Noel A Manzano Gómez
Current perspectives on informal housing (particularly, the illegal development of precarious, self-produced housing areas) associate it with state regulations. However, scholars have yet to link informal housing and the socio-historical regulations that gave rise to the birth of urban planning at the beginning of the 20th century. This article draws on archival and historiographical research to discuss the juridical construction of informal urbanisation in two capital cities at the core of the world-system, Paris and Madrid. In both cities, shantytowns were legally developed from at least the 19th century. However, such spatial production was outlawed (without addressing the root causes) from the first decades of the 20th century. Thus, precarious housing became informal housing as we know it today, giving rise to comparable but differentiated patterns of legal and extra-legal shacks construction, commercialisation and control (much like those generally associated with the global south). This article traces the long-durée and transnational nature of the informalisation of self-produced housing during the first half of the 20th century. Housing tenure conditions and shelter rights were weakened not only in Europe but also in other areas under its political and cultural influence. European urban policies, developed during the first half of the 20th century, may have induced dynamics of informal spatial production at a global scale.
目前关于非正规住房(特别是非法开发不稳定的自建住房区)的观点将其与国家法规联系在一起。然而,学者们尚未将非正规住房与 20 世纪初城市规划诞生的社会历史法规联系起来。本文利用档案学和历史学研究,讨论了巴黎和马德里这两个世界体系核心的首都城市非正规城市化的司法建设。在这两个城市,棚户区至少在 19 世纪就已经合法开发。然而,从 20 世纪头几十年起,这种空间生产被取缔(没有解决根本原因)。因此,不稳定的住房变成了我们今天所知的非正规住房,产生了合法和非法的棚屋建设、商业化和控制等可比但有区别的模式(很像那些通常与全球南部相关的模式)。本文追溯了 20 世纪上半叶自建住房非正规化的长期性和跨国性。不仅在欧洲,而且在其政治和文化影响下的其他地区,住房保有权条件和住房权都受到了削弱。20 世纪上半叶制定的欧洲城市政策可能在全球范围内引发了非正规空间生产的动态。
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引用次数: 0
The urban roots of populism: Mapping and explaining populist strongholds within major Italian cities (2013–2022) 民粹主义的城市根源:绘制并解释意大利主要城市中的民粹主义据点(2013-2022 年)
IF 3.1 2区 经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/09697764231210800
Mirko Crulli, Gabriele Pinto
The impact of local contexts on populist voting patterns is receiving more attention, after being initially underestimated in the research literature. Populist support tends to be concentrated in areas ‘left behind’ or ‘that don’t matter’, but we still lack an accurate understanding of (1) the locations of these places within major cities and (2) what characteristics of urban contexts prompt the populist vote. We aim to bridge this gap by analysing precinct-level electoral results of populist parties within six major Italian cities over the 2013–2022 decade. Through novel maps of the within-city populist vote, we identify four types of urban environments: populist strongholds, emerging populist, sporadically populist and never-populist areas. We then investigate how two types of intra-urban factors – compositional and contextual – relate to the formation of populist strongholds and support for populist parties with distinct ideological profiles. The findings improve our comprehension of the urban ‘places of populism’ and highlight the need for the ‘left behind’ thesis to focus more fully on within-city patterns and divides.
地方环境对民粹主义投票模式的影响最初在研究文献中被低估,现在正受到越来越多的关注。民粹主义者的支持往往集中在 "落后 "或 "无关紧要 "的地区,但我们仍然缺乏对以下方面的准确了解:(1)这些地区在大城市中的位置;(2)城市环境的哪些特征会促使民粹主义者投票。我们旨在通过分析 2013-2022 十年间意大利六个主要城市中民粹主义政党的选区级选举结果来弥补这一差距。通过绘制城市内部民粹主义选票的新地图,我们确定了四种类型的城市环境:民粹主义据点、新兴民粹主义、零星民粹主义和从未有过民粹主义的地区。然后,我们研究了两类城市内部因素--构成因素和环境因素--与民粹主义据点的形成以及对具有不同意识形态特征的民粹主义政党的支持之间的关系。研究结果提高了我们对城市 "民粹主义之地 "的理解,并强调了 "被抛在后面 "的理论需要更全面地关注城市内部的模式和分化。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating context in experiments: The “real,” the roots, the rationale 在实验中驾驭情境:真实"、根源、理由
IF 3.1 2区 经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/09697764231205218
Johannes Suitner, Astrid Krisch
Experiments are heralded as beacons of hope for transformative change. But how effective can ephemeral micro-interventions be in achieving comprehensive structural change? This question is particularly relevant for non-technological experiments that are typically more place-bound than their technology-oriented counterparts. We argue that non-technological experiments may very well be impactful endeavors, but that knowledge and reflexivity about their contexts are key capacities for realizing their potential. Based on the literature, we define three context dimensions: structural conditions, political-institutional embedding, and imagined eco-social futures. By empirically delving into Graetzlmarie, an impactful governance experiment in Vienna, we show how “navigating context” in all the three dimensions has been a key capacity for the experiment’s success. It enabled adapting practices, self-conceptions, and objectives to specific but varying contexts, herewith ensuring the experiment’s impactful realization. Given the uneven distribution of such knowledge among actors in transformation processes, we discuss what this implies for experimentation. We argue for coordinating actors that serve as knowledge brokers and intermediaries between institutionalized policy and planning and ephemeral micro-interventions to achieve eco-social transformation.
实验被誉为变革的希望灯塔。但是,短暂的微观干预在实现全面的结构变革方面能有多大成效?这个问题对于非技术性实验尤为重要,因为与技术性实验相比,非技术性实验通常更受地方限制。我们认为,非技术实验很可能是有影响力的努力,但对其背景的了解和反思是实现其潜力的关键能力。根据相关文献,我们定义了三个背景维度:结构条件、政治体制嵌入和想象中的生态社会未来。通过对维也纳一项具有影响力的治理实验--格拉茨尔玛丽(Graetzlmarie)进行实证研究,我们展示了在所有三个维度上 "驾驭环境 "是该实验取得成功的关键能力。它使实践、自我概念和目标能够适应特定但又各不相同的环境,从而确保实验的影响力得以实现。鉴于这些知识在转型过程中的参与者之间分布不均,我们讨论了这对实验的影响。我们认为,要实现生态-社会转型,就必须在制度化的政策和规划与短暂的微观干预之间,协调作为知识经纪人和中介的参与者。
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引用次数: 0
A union in distress: Contested spatial imaginations, narratives and practices of European (dis)integration 陷入困境的联盟:欧洲(不)一体化有争议的空间想象、叙事和实践
IF 3.1 2区 经济学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1177/09697764231210797
Kristine Beurskens, Bettina Bruns, Elisabeth Kirndörfer, Madlen Pilz
Europe as a spatial concept and space in practice has witnessed a variety of integrative as well as disintegrative tendencies over the past decades. While a binary concept of the terms integration and disintegration has dominated a vast proportion of public discussion as well as academic literature, some authors advance a more differentiated view. The introduction of this special issue will pick up the threads of these debates and connect them to considerations of the spatialities of such processes. While theoretically dissecting the roles and meanings of spatial imaginations, narratives and everyday practices and conceptualizing their entanglements within Europe’s growing together and apart, the introduction will provide a basis for the detailed and empirical accounts of this issue. By paying particular attention to the meaningful and symbolic power of imaginations and narratives used within the struggles around European (dis)integration, the main aim is to engage closer with the central mechanisms facilitating and underlying the current struggles around European (dis)integrations. Consequently, the introduction opens the view for a multitude of spatially enhanced processes ranging between encounters and borderings.
欧洲作为一个空间概念和实践空间,在过去几十年中出现了各种融合和解体趋势。虽然二元对立的一体化和解体概念主导了大量的公共讨论和学术文献,但也有一些作者提出了更有区别的观点。本特刊的导言将梳理这些争论的脉络,并将其与对此类进程空间性的思考联系起来。导言将从理论上剖析空间想象、叙事和日常实践的作用和意义,并对它们在欧洲的共同发展和分离过程中的纠葛进行概念化,同时为本期的详细实证论述提供基础。通过特别关注在围绕欧洲(不)一体化的斗争中使用的想象和叙事的意义和象征力量,主要目的是更深入地探讨促进和支撑当前围绕欧洲(不)一体化的斗争的核心机制。因此,导言为在遭遇和边界之间的多种空间增强过程打开了视野。
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引用次数: 0
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European Urban and Regional Studies
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