Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.1177/09697764231219914
A. Szpak, Robert Gawłowski, Joanna Modrzyńska, P. Modrzyński, Michał Dahl
Throughout human history, cities have been targeted in wars due to their significance for politics, economy, communication and population. Today such Ukrainian cities as Kyiv, Mariupol, Kharkiv and Irpin can be added to this list. This commentary focuses on the long-term challenge of the reconstruction of Ukraine and the role cities may play in this process given their growing role in international decision-making processes. These roles include through the bilateral channels of the twin or sister cities system and international and national city networks. Furthermore, such reconstruction efforts are already evident in Ukraine and highlight how city support activities are not limited only to the post-conflict phase.
{"title":"The role of cities in the reconstruction of Ukraine","authors":"A. Szpak, Robert Gawłowski, Joanna Modrzyńska, P. Modrzyński, Michał Dahl","doi":"10.1177/09697764231219914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764231219914","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout human history, cities have been targeted in wars due to their significance for politics, economy, communication and population. Today such Ukrainian cities as Kyiv, Mariupol, Kharkiv and Irpin can be added to this list. This commentary focuses on the long-term challenge of the reconstruction of Ukraine and the role cities may play in this process given their growing role in international decision-making processes. These roles include through the bilateral channels of the twin or sister cities system and international and national city networks. Furthermore, such reconstruction efforts are already evident in Ukraine and highlight how city support activities are not limited only to the post-conflict phase.","PeriodicalId":47746,"journal":{"name":"European Urban and Regional Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.1177/09697764231216407
Julia Affolderbach, Kirstie O’Neill
In 2019, governments across Europe set the goal to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Through its high share of energy use and carbon emissions, the building sector is seen as central in this endeavor. While European Union (EU) and national regulation and incentive schemes provide an important context, how green building is realized often plays out at subnational spatial scales, including how green buildings are designed and embedded in existing regional and local (infra)structures. More localized scales can be especially important when considering the sustainability of buildings in operation. In contrast to the design and construction phases of green buildings, very little attention has been paid to post-occupancy studies and the practices of building users in enabling or constraining sustainability transitions. These actors are, however, crucial in reducing carbon emissions as a fabric-only or technologically-focused approach will be insufficient. This article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the role of building users and the impact of green buildings once in operation through the frame of lived sustainabilities. It focuses on changes shaped by interdependences between discourses on green buildings including expectations, framings and understandings, activities as associated with living and working in buildings, as well as materialities of green buildings. Furthermore, we present a research agenda that highlights how wider everyday practices are affected by the entangled spatial dimensions of sustainability transitions which define different contexts and bring to the fore the role and importance of spatial scales in terms of the impact green buildings might have.
{"title":"Everyday sustainability transitions through using green buildings: Spatial perspectives on materialities, discourses, and lived sustainabilities","authors":"Julia Affolderbach, Kirstie O’Neill","doi":"10.1177/09697764231216407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764231216407","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, governments across Europe set the goal to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Through its high share of energy use and carbon emissions, the building sector is seen as central in this endeavor. While European Union (EU) and national regulation and incentive schemes provide an important context, how green building is realized often plays out at subnational spatial scales, including how green buildings are designed and embedded in existing regional and local (infra)structures. More localized scales can be especially important when considering the sustainability of buildings in operation. In contrast to the design and construction phases of green buildings, very little attention has been paid to post-occupancy studies and the practices of building users in enabling or constraining sustainability transitions. These actors are, however, crucial in reducing carbon emissions as a fabric-only or technologically-focused approach will be insufficient. This article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the role of building users and the impact of green buildings once in operation through the frame of lived sustainabilities. It focuses on changes shaped by interdependences between discourses on green buildings including expectations, framings and understandings, activities as associated with living and working in buildings, as well as materialities of green buildings. Furthermore, we present a research agenda that highlights how wider everyday practices are affected by the entangled spatial dimensions of sustainability transitions which define different contexts and bring to the fore the role and importance of spatial scales in terms of the impact green buildings might have.","PeriodicalId":47746,"journal":{"name":"European Urban and Regional Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1177/09697764231210791
Kent Eliasson, O. Westerlund
In many countries, there are signs of declining migration to high-productivity urban areas due to restrictions in the housing market and increasing regional differences in housing prices. Using detailed population-wide register data for Sweden, we estimate how regional variation in housing prices and homeownership is associated with the individual’s decision whether to accept a job offer in the Stockholm metropolitan region and the interrelated choice between migration and commuting as the mobility mode. Our findings indicate that high relative housing prices in the Stockholm area and homeownership are associated with decreasing total geographical labour mobility to the region. This is pronounced among the young and among highly skilled workers. The negative effects of high relative housing prices and homeownership on migration are partially but not fully compensated by positive effects on commuting to Stockholm.
{"title":"Housing markets and geographical labour mobility to high-productivity regions: The case of Stockholm","authors":"Kent Eliasson, O. Westerlund","doi":"10.1177/09697764231210791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764231210791","url":null,"abstract":"In many countries, there are signs of declining migration to high-productivity urban areas due to restrictions in the housing market and increasing regional differences in housing prices. Using detailed population-wide register data for Sweden, we estimate how regional variation in housing prices and homeownership is associated with the individual’s decision whether to accept a job offer in the Stockholm metropolitan region and the interrelated choice between migration and commuting as the mobility mode. Our findings indicate that high relative housing prices in the Stockholm area and homeownership are associated with decreasing total geographical labour mobility to the region. This is pronounced among the young and among highly skilled workers. The negative effects of high relative housing prices and homeownership on migration are partially but not fully compensated by positive effects on commuting to Stockholm.","PeriodicalId":47746,"journal":{"name":"European Urban and Regional Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1177/09697764231203550
Noel A Manzano Gómez
Current perspectives on informal housing (particularly, the illegal development of precarious, self-produced housing areas) associate it with state regulations. However, scholars have yet to link informal housing and the socio-historical regulations that gave rise to the birth of urban planning at the beginning of the 20th century. This article draws on archival and historiographical research to discuss the juridical construction of informal urbanisation in two capital cities at the core of the world-system, Paris and Madrid. In both cities, shantytowns were legally developed from at least the 19th century. However, such spatial production was outlawed (without addressing the root causes) from the first decades of the 20th century. Thus, precarious housing became informal housing as we know it today, giving rise to comparable but differentiated patterns of legal and extra-legal shacks construction, commercialisation and control (much like those generally associated with the global south). This article traces the long-durée and transnational nature of the informalisation of self-produced housing during the first half of the 20th century. Housing tenure conditions and shelter rights were weakened not only in Europe but also in other areas under its political and cultural influence. European urban policies, developed during the first half of the 20th century, may have induced dynamics of informal spatial production at a global scale.
{"title":"Interrogating the origins of informal urbanisation: A socio-historical analysis from Paris and Madrid (1850s–1970s)","authors":"Noel A Manzano Gómez","doi":"10.1177/09697764231203550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764231203550","url":null,"abstract":"Current perspectives on informal housing (particularly, the illegal development of precarious, self-produced housing areas) associate it with state regulations. However, scholars have yet to link informal housing and the socio-historical regulations that gave rise to the birth of urban planning at the beginning of the 20th century. This article draws on archival and historiographical research to discuss the juridical construction of informal urbanisation in two capital cities at the core of the world-system, Paris and Madrid. In both cities, shantytowns were legally developed from at least the 19th century. However, such spatial production was outlawed (without addressing the root causes) from the first decades of the 20th century. Thus, precarious housing became informal housing as we know it today, giving rise to comparable but differentiated patterns of legal and extra-legal shacks construction, commercialisation and control (much like those generally associated with the global south). This article traces the long-durée and transnational nature of the informalisation of self-produced housing during the first half of the 20th century. Housing tenure conditions and shelter rights were weakened not only in Europe but also in other areas under its political and cultural influence. European urban policies, developed during the first half of the 20th century, may have induced dynamics of informal spatial production at a global scale.","PeriodicalId":47746,"journal":{"name":"European Urban and Regional Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1177/09697764231210800
Mirko Crulli, Gabriele Pinto
The impact of local contexts on populist voting patterns is receiving more attention, after being initially underestimated in the research literature. Populist support tends to be concentrated in areas ‘left behind’ or ‘that don’t matter’, but we still lack an accurate understanding of (1) the locations of these places within major cities and (2) what characteristics of urban contexts prompt the populist vote. We aim to bridge this gap by analysing precinct-level electoral results of populist parties within six major Italian cities over the 2013–2022 decade. Through novel maps of the within-city populist vote, we identify four types of urban environments: populist strongholds, emerging populist, sporadically populist and never-populist areas. We then investigate how two types of intra-urban factors – compositional and contextual – relate to the formation of populist strongholds and support for populist parties with distinct ideological profiles. The findings improve our comprehension of the urban ‘places of populism’ and highlight the need for the ‘left behind’ thesis to focus more fully on within-city patterns and divides.
{"title":"The urban roots of populism: Mapping and explaining populist strongholds within major Italian cities (2013–2022)","authors":"Mirko Crulli, Gabriele Pinto","doi":"10.1177/09697764231210800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764231210800","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of local contexts on populist voting patterns is receiving more attention, after being initially underestimated in the research literature. Populist support tends to be concentrated in areas ‘left behind’ or ‘that don’t matter’, but we still lack an accurate understanding of (1) the locations of these places within major cities and (2) what characteristics of urban contexts prompt the populist vote. We aim to bridge this gap by analysing precinct-level electoral results of populist parties within six major Italian cities over the 2013–2022 decade. Through novel maps of the within-city populist vote, we identify four types of urban environments: populist strongholds, emerging populist, sporadically populist and never-populist areas. We then investigate how two types of intra-urban factors – compositional and contextual – relate to the formation of populist strongholds and support for populist parties with distinct ideological profiles. The findings improve our comprehension of the urban ‘places of populism’ and highlight the need for the ‘left behind’ thesis to focus more fully on within-city patterns and divides.","PeriodicalId":47746,"journal":{"name":"European Urban and Regional Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1177/09697764231205218
Johannes Suitner, Astrid Krisch
Experiments are heralded as beacons of hope for transformative change. But how effective can ephemeral micro-interventions be in achieving comprehensive structural change? This question is particularly relevant for non-technological experiments that are typically more place-bound than their technology-oriented counterparts. We argue that non-technological experiments may very well be impactful endeavors, but that knowledge and reflexivity about their contexts are key capacities for realizing their potential. Based on the literature, we define three context dimensions: structural conditions, political-institutional embedding, and imagined eco-social futures. By empirically delving into Graetzlmarie, an impactful governance experiment in Vienna, we show how “navigating context” in all the three dimensions has been a key capacity for the experiment’s success. It enabled adapting practices, self-conceptions, and objectives to specific but varying contexts, herewith ensuring the experiment’s impactful realization. Given the uneven distribution of such knowledge among actors in transformation processes, we discuss what this implies for experimentation. We argue for coordinating actors that serve as knowledge brokers and intermediaries between institutionalized policy and planning and ephemeral micro-interventions to achieve eco-social transformation.
{"title":"Navigating context in experiments: The “real,” the roots, the rationale","authors":"Johannes Suitner, Astrid Krisch","doi":"10.1177/09697764231205218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764231205218","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments are heralded as beacons of hope for transformative change. But how effective can ephemeral micro-interventions be in achieving comprehensive structural change? This question is particularly relevant for non-technological experiments that are typically more place-bound than their technology-oriented counterparts. We argue that non-technological experiments may very well be impactful endeavors, but that knowledge and reflexivity about their contexts are key capacities for realizing their potential. Based on the literature, we define three context dimensions: structural conditions, political-institutional embedding, and imagined eco-social futures. By empirically delving into Graetzlmarie, an impactful governance experiment in Vienna, we show how “navigating context” in all the three dimensions has been a key capacity for the experiment’s success. It enabled adapting practices, self-conceptions, and objectives to specific but varying contexts, herewith ensuring the experiment’s impactful realization. Given the uneven distribution of such knowledge among actors in transformation processes, we discuss what this implies for experimentation. We argue for coordinating actors that serve as knowledge brokers and intermediaries between institutionalized policy and planning and ephemeral micro-interventions to achieve eco-social transformation.","PeriodicalId":47746,"journal":{"name":"European Urban and Regional Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1177/09697764231210797
Kristine Beurskens, Bettina Bruns, Elisabeth Kirndörfer, Madlen Pilz
Europe as a spatial concept and space in practice has witnessed a variety of integrative as well as disintegrative tendencies over the past decades. While a binary concept of the terms integration and disintegration has dominated a vast proportion of public discussion as well as academic literature, some authors advance a more differentiated view. The introduction of this special issue will pick up the threads of these debates and connect them to considerations of the spatialities of such processes. While theoretically dissecting the roles and meanings of spatial imaginations, narratives and everyday practices and conceptualizing their entanglements within Europe’s growing together and apart, the introduction will provide a basis for the detailed and empirical accounts of this issue. By paying particular attention to the meaningful and symbolic power of imaginations and narratives used within the struggles around European (dis)integration, the main aim is to engage closer with the central mechanisms facilitating and underlying the current struggles around European (dis)integrations. Consequently, the introduction opens the view for a multitude of spatially enhanced processes ranging between encounters and borderings.
{"title":"A union in distress: Contested spatial imaginations, narratives and practices of European (dis)integration","authors":"Kristine Beurskens, Bettina Bruns, Elisabeth Kirndörfer, Madlen Pilz","doi":"10.1177/09697764231210797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764231210797","url":null,"abstract":"Europe as a spatial concept and space in practice has witnessed a variety of integrative as well as disintegrative tendencies over the past decades. While a binary concept of the terms integration and disintegration has dominated a vast proportion of public discussion as well as academic literature, some authors advance a more differentiated view. The introduction of this special issue will pick up the threads of these debates and connect them to considerations of the spatialities of such processes. While theoretically dissecting the roles and meanings of spatial imaginations, narratives and everyday practices and conceptualizing their entanglements within Europe’s growing together and apart, the introduction will provide a basis for the detailed and empirical accounts of this issue. By paying particular attention to the meaningful and symbolic power of imaginations and narratives used within the struggles around European (dis)integration, the main aim is to engage closer with the central mechanisms facilitating and underlying the current struggles around European (dis)integrations. Consequently, the introduction opens the view for a multitude of spatially enhanced processes ranging between encounters and borderings.","PeriodicalId":47746,"journal":{"name":"European Urban and Regional Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1177/09697764231203537
Francesco Chiodelli, Sara Caramaschi, Margherita Grazioli
This article focuses on the role of subjective meanings in the production of informal housing. It argues that, although individual and family meanings, aspirations, perceptions, and expectations have usually been overlooked in studies on urban informality, their analysis is fundamental for a sophisticated understanding of the genesis, features, and developing trajectories of informal housing. To this end, the article investigates the informalization process of temporary self-promoted housing units (the so-called casette, i.e. “little houses”) built in the aftermath of the 2009 earthquake in the city of L’Aquila, Italy. Although it is exceptional, the phenomenon of the casette illuminates several traits of other informal housing practices. Thus, it offers two interrelated conceptual insights for a deeper, fine-grained understanding of the varied ontologies of housing informality. First, it illustrates the concurrence of simultaneous drivers, differing in nature (e.g. subjective and objective, structural and agency-related, micro and macro) at the root of the production of informal space, where a key role is also played by inhabitants’ meanings, aspirations, perceptions, and expectations. Second, it shows that informality is not a fixed and unambiguous state. On the contrary, it is a field traversed by intertwined forces in a perpetual state of tension, so that a housing unit can move through different shades of (il)legality entailing varied combinations of subjective and objective drivers.
{"title":"Toward a fine-grained understanding of informality: Subjective meanings, perceptions, and expectations in informal housing trajectories","authors":"Francesco Chiodelli, Sara Caramaschi, Margherita Grazioli","doi":"10.1177/09697764231203537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764231203537","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the role of subjective meanings in the production of informal housing. It argues that, although individual and family meanings, aspirations, perceptions, and expectations have usually been overlooked in studies on urban informality, their analysis is fundamental for a sophisticated understanding of the genesis, features, and developing trajectories of informal housing. To this end, the article investigates the informalization process of temporary self-promoted housing units (the so-called casette, i.e. “little houses”) built in the aftermath of the 2009 earthquake in the city of L’Aquila, Italy. Although it is exceptional, the phenomenon of the casette illuminates several traits of other informal housing practices. Thus, it offers two interrelated conceptual insights for a deeper, fine-grained understanding of the varied ontologies of housing informality. First, it illustrates the concurrence of simultaneous drivers, differing in nature (e.g. subjective and objective, structural and agency-related, micro and macro) at the root of the production of informal space, where a key role is also played by inhabitants’ meanings, aspirations, perceptions, and expectations. Second, it shows that informality is not a fixed and unambiguous state. On the contrary, it is a field traversed by intertwined forces in a perpetual state of tension, so that a housing unit can move through different shades of (il)legality entailing varied combinations of subjective and objective drivers.","PeriodicalId":47746,"journal":{"name":"European Urban and Regional Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1177/09697764231201571
David Bassens, Duncan Lindo
At the heart of the Eurozone crisis was a dramatic divergence in interest rates between member states and a reversal of previously booming cross-border credit expansion from ‘core’ to ‘periphery’ by European banks. The resulting crisis and retreat behind national borders across the Eurozone challenged European elites’ decade-long project of producing European scale as a space for financial accumulation. The Eurozone crisis has been well-described but post-crisis geographies of financial integration have received limited attention. We chart the financial positionality of member states and the relations between them in the period 2012–2019 using a variety of metrics including intra-Eurozone cross-border bank lending. The post-crisis period is dominated by the European Central Bank’s determination to do ‘whatever it takes’ to save the Euro and its financial system. The resulting asset purchases give it a qualitatively different place in the Eurozone financial system and end the crisis period’s retreat behind national borders. But they do not restore pre-crisis dynamics, and, in addition, unevenness along national lines remains. The crisis era core and peripheral labels still hold but the data also reveal important nuances: not least that the distribution of giant banks matters and offshore financial centres cut across core/periphery boundaries. Yet, even as there is no return to booming core-to-periphery credit, German lending into the Eurozone and its counterpart, Italian borrowing, symbolizes the continuing fragility of the Eurozone banking system. European Central Bank efforts ended the crisis, but more than asset purchases will be required if we are not to remain stuck in 2012.
欧元区危机的核心是成员国之间利率的巨大差异，以及欧洲银行此前从“核心”到“外围”蓬勃发展的跨境信贷扩张出现逆转。由此产生的危机和欧元区各国退到国界后，挑战了欧洲精英们长达十年的计划，即将欧洲规模扩大为金融积累的空间。欧元区危机得到了很好的描述，但危机后金融一体化的地理分布却受到了有限的关注。我们使用包括欧元区内部跨境银行贷款在内的各种指标，绘制了2012-2019年期间成员国的金融状况及其之间的关系图表。后危机时期的主要内容是欧洲央行(European Central Bank)决心“不惜一切代价”拯救欧元及其金融体系。由此产生的资产购买使其在欧元区金融体系中的地位发生了质的变化，并结束了危机期间躲在国界后面的局面。但它们并没有恢复危机前的动态，此外，各国之间的不平衡依然存在。危机时期的核心和外围标签仍然有效，但数据也揭示了重要的细微差别:尤其是大银行的分布很重要，离岸金融中心跨越了核心/外围的界限。然而，尽管从核心到外围的信贷不会重现繁荣，但德国向欧元区提供的贷款和意大利向欧元区提供的贷款，象征着欧元区银行体系的持续脆弱性。欧洲央行(ecb)的努力结束了危机，但如果我们不想在2012年陷入困境，就需要的不仅仅是资产购买。
{"title":"Stuck in 2012: The hesitant geographies of European financial integration since the Eurozone crisis","authors":"David Bassens, Duncan Lindo","doi":"10.1177/09697764231201571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09697764231201571","url":null,"abstract":"At the heart of the Eurozone crisis was a dramatic divergence in interest rates between member states and a reversal of previously booming cross-border credit expansion from ‘core’ to ‘periphery’ by European banks. The resulting crisis and retreat behind national borders across the Eurozone challenged European elites’ decade-long project of producing European scale as a space for financial accumulation. The Eurozone crisis has been well-described but post-crisis geographies of financial integration have received limited attention. We chart the financial positionality of member states and the relations between them in the period 2012–2019 using a variety of metrics including intra-Eurozone cross-border bank lending. The post-crisis period is dominated by the European Central Bank’s determination to do ‘whatever it takes’ to save the Euro and its financial system. The resulting asset purchases give it a qualitatively different place in the Eurozone financial system and end the crisis period’s retreat behind national borders. But they do not restore pre-crisis dynamics, and, in addition, unevenness along national lines remains. The crisis era core and peripheral labels still hold but the data also reveal important nuances: not least that the distribution of giant banks matters and offshore financial centres cut across core/periphery boundaries. Yet, even as there is no return to booming core-to-periphery credit, German lending into the Eurozone and its counterpart, Italian borrowing, symbolizes the continuing fragility of the Eurozone banking system. European Central Bank efforts ended the crisis, but more than asset purchases will be required if we are not to remain stuck in 2012.","PeriodicalId":47746,"journal":{"name":"European Urban and Regional Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1177/09697764231201572
Anna Kłoczko-Gajewska, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Edward Majewski, Adam Wilkinson, Matthew Gorton, Barbara Tocco, Adam Wąs, Monia Saïdi, Áron Török, Mario Veneziani
Shortening food supply chains attracts increasing support from policymakers, to improve returns to farmers and stimulate rural development. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the impacts of short food supply chains on local economies. To address this, the article quantifies the impacts of short food supply chains on local economies, using the Keynesian-based Local Multiplier 3 method (LM3), applied to a unique dataset of 122 farm businesses from five European Union countries (France, Hungary, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom). Estimations cover 305 market chains, comprising both short and long food supply chains, in which sampled farmers participate. The results indicate that the revenues from farm production remain largely within local economies, generating a substantial multiplier effect (LM3 > 2). This effect stems from purchases of farm inputs locally including, in the first instance, hiring local labour, as well as the expenditures of local suppliers that re-spend part of their revenues within the local area. The multiplier effects of short food supply chains are similar to long food supply chain equivalents as both use largely local labour and source tradable inputs locally. In shaping food chain policy a broader set of socioeconomic benefits to local development from selling through short food supply chains should be considered.
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