Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1007/s00191-022-00793-4
A Cetrulo, A Sbardella, M E Virgillito
This paper analyses medium-term labour market trends from 1983 to 2018 in Italy relying on the "Rilevazione dei contratti di lavoro" from INPS archive which provides information on average salaries by professional category, age, gender, and geographical origin. Within an overall pattern of exacerbated wage inequalities, documented by means of different indicators, the empirical analysis highlights how the within-component of the wage variation prevails in the gender, age and geographical dimensions. By contrast, the between-component in terms of professional categories (trainees, blue-collar jobs, white-collar jobs, middle managers, executives) is the only between-variation attribute to prevail, corroborating the role played by a reduced class schema, excluding capitalists and the self-employed, in explaining wage inequality. Regression-based inequality estimations confirm the role played by managerial remuneration, the contradictory located class, in driving divergent patterns. Stratification of wage losses is recorded to be largely concentrated among blue-collar professional categories, women, youth, and in Southern regions.
本文根据INPS档案中的“Rilevazione dei contratti di lavoro”分析了意大利1983年至2018年的中期劳动力市场趋势，该档案提供了按专业类别、年龄、性别和地理来源划分的平均工资信息。在通过不同指标记录的工资不平等加剧的总体格局中，实证分析突出了工资变化的内部因素如何在性别、年龄和地理方面普遍存在。相比之下，专业类别(受训人员、蓝领工作、白领工作、中层管理人员、高管)的中间成分是唯一占主导地位的中间变量属性，证实了在解释工资不平等时，排除资本家和个体经营者的简化阶级图式所起的作用。基于回归的不平等估计证实了管理层薪酬——处于矛盾位置的阶层——在推动不同模式方面所发挥的作用。工资损失的分层现象主要集中在蓝领专业人员、妇女、青年和南部地区。
{"title":"Vanishing social classes? Facts and figures of the Italian labour market.","authors":"A Cetrulo, A Sbardella, M E Virgillito","doi":"10.1007/s00191-022-00793-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-022-00793-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper analyses medium-term labour market trends from 1983 to 2018 in Italy relying on the \"Rilevazione dei contratti di lavoro\" from INPS archive which provides information on average salaries by professional category, age, gender, and geographical origin. Within an overall pattern of exacerbated wage inequalities, documented by means of different indicators, the empirical analysis highlights how the <i>within</i>-component of the wage variation prevails in the gender, age and geographical dimensions. By contrast, the <i>between-</i>component in terms of professional categories (trainees, blue-collar jobs, white-collar jobs, middle managers, executives) is the only between-variation attribute to prevail, corroborating the role played by a reduced class schema, excluding capitalists and the self-employed, in explaining wage inequality. Regression-based inequality estimations confirm the role played by managerial remuneration, the contradictory located class, in driving divergent patterns. Stratification of wage losses is recorded to be largely concentrated among blue-collar professional categories, women, youth, and in Southern regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Economics","volume":"33 1","pages":"97-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9668399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10830024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1007/s00191-022-00795-2
Giuseppe Attanasi, Massimo Egidi, Elena Manzoni
The paper investigates the cognitive determinants of routinization and creativity by means of a lab-in-the-field experiment run at the 20th edition of a mass gathering festival in Italy ("La Notte della Taranta"). Subjects play repeatedly the puzzle version of the Target-The-Two game (32 hands). In hands 1-16, the strategy that is optimal given the card distribution is always the same and it is the easiest to be discovered. Conversely, in hands 17-32, subjects are exposed to games where the optimal contextual strategy may differ from the one with which they have been made familiar. We investigate whether and how, in hands 17-32, subjects remain routinized on the familiar strategy, or creatively choose a different one. We define as "experts" those subjects who played the optimal contextual strategy in the overwhelming majority of hands 1-16. In hands 17-32, we find several subjects playing the familiar strategy even when it is not the optimal one, regardless of whether they are experts or not. This shows that routinization is deep-rooted in the cognitive individual process. Furthermore, routinization pays off only for inexpert subjects: creative inexpert subjects are slower and they fail to find the optimal contextual strategy in several hands. Among expert subjects instead, creative subjects, although still slower, need less moves than routinized ones to find the optimal contextual strategy.
本文通过在意大利第20届群众集会节(“La Notte della Taranta”)上进行的现场实验室实验，调查了常规化和创造力的认知决定因素。实验对象反复玩“目标-二”游戏的解谜版本(32手)。在1-16手牌中，给定牌分布的最佳策略总是相同的，并且是最容易发现的。相反，在17-32手牌中，受试者所接触的游戏中，最佳情境策略可能与他们所熟悉的策略不同。我们调查在17-32手中，受试者是否以及如何保持熟悉策略的常规，或创造性地选择不同的策略。我们将在绝大多数情况下使用最佳情境策略的受试者定义为“专家”。在17-32手牌中，我们发现有几个实验对象在玩熟悉的策略，即使这不是最佳策略，不管他们是否是专家。这表明，常规化在个体认知过程中根深蒂固。此外，常规化只对不专业的受试者有效:有创造力的不专业受试者速度较慢，他们无法在多个手中找到最佳情境策略。相反，在专家型受试者中，创造性受试者虽然速度仍然较慢，但在找到最佳情境策略时，需要的动作比常规受试者少。
{"title":"Target-the-Two: a lab-in-the-field experiment on routinization.","authors":"Giuseppe Attanasi, Massimo Egidi, Elena Manzoni","doi":"10.1007/s00191-022-00795-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-022-00795-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper investigates the cognitive determinants of routinization and creativity by means of a lab-in-the-field experiment run at the 20th edition of a mass gathering festival in Italy (\"La Notte della Taranta\"). Subjects play repeatedly the puzzle version of the Target-The-Two game (32 hands). In hands 1-16, the strategy that is optimal given the card distribution is always the same and it is the easiest to be discovered. Conversely, in hands 17-32, subjects are exposed to games where the optimal contextual strategy may differ from the one with which they have been made familiar. We investigate whether and how, in hands 17-32, subjects remain routinized on the familiar strategy, or creatively choose a different one. We define as \"experts\" those subjects who played the optimal contextual strategy in the overwhelming majority of hands 1-16. In hands 17-32, we find several subjects playing the familiar strategy even when it is not the optimal one, regardless of whether they are experts or not. This shows that routinization is deep-rooted in the cognitive individual process. Furthermore, routinization pays off only for inexpert subjects: creative inexpert subjects are slower and they fail to find the optimal contextual strategy in several hands. Among expert subjects instead, creative subjects, although still slower, need less moves than routinized ones to find the optimal contextual strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Economics","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9713112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10830034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1007/s00191-022-00803-5
H. Dawid, M. Neugart
{"title":"Effects of technological change and automation on industry structure and (wage-)inequality: insights from a dynamic task-based model","authors":"H. Dawid, M. Neugart","doi":"10.1007/s00191-022-00803-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-022-00803-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Economics","volume":"33 1","pages":"35-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41436907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.1007/s00191-022-00804-4
S. Jee, S. Sohn
{"title":"Firms’ influence on the evolution of published knowledge when a science-related technology emerges: the case of artificial intelligence","authors":"S. Jee, S. Sohn","doi":"10.1007/s00191-022-00804-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-022-00804-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Economics","volume":"33 1","pages":"209-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47532989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.1007/s00191-022-00796-1
I. B. Freitas, Jojo Jacob, Lili Wang, Zibiao Li
{"title":"Energy use and exporting: an analysis of Chinese firms","authors":"I. B. Freitas, Jojo Jacob, Lili Wang, Zibiao Li","doi":"10.1007/s00191-022-00796-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-022-00796-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Economics","volume":"33 1","pages":"179-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45141043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1007/s00191-022-00798-z
Niklas Elert, Dan Johansson, Mikael Stenkula, Niklas Wykman
{"title":"The evolution of owner-entrepreneurs’ taxation: five tax regimes over a 160-year period","authors":"Niklas Elert, Dan Johansson, Mikael Stenkula, Niklas Wykman","doi":"10.1007/s00191-022-00798-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-022-00798-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Economics","volume":"33 1","pages":"517 - 540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47744765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1007/s00191-022-00799-y
{"title":"Correction to: Exploring the sources of knowledge diversity in founding teams and its impact on new firms’ innovation","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00191-022-00799-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-022-00799-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Economics","volume":"32 1","pages":"1587 - 1590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49347102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1007/s00191-022-00801-7
Óscar Afonso, P. G. Lima, T. Sequeira
{"title":"The effects of automation and lobbying in wage inequality: a directed technical change model with routine and non-routine tasks","authors":"Óscar Afonso, P. G. Lima, T. Sequeira","doi":"10.1007/s00191-022-00801-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-022-00801-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Economics","volume":"32 1","pages":"1467 - 1497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43018642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号