Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education最新文献

This longitudinal study compares concept vocabulary knowledge of children with cochlear implants (n = 40) and children with hearing aids (n = 30) to that of their typical hearing peers (n = 40). Participants completed the Bracken Basic Concept Scale: Expressive (BBCS:E) at ages 4 and 6. Results revealed significant differences in concept vocabulary knowledge between both groups of children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and the typical hearing group. Although all groups improved BBCS:E test performance between ages 4 and 6, the rate of improvement in children who are DHH did not trend toward catching up over time. Omnibus expressive vocabulary outcomes predicted BBCS:E performance, but age of amplification did not. These preliminary data suggest persistence in concept vocabulary deficits in children who are DHH and developing spoken language, at least through entry into elementary school.

This study investigated service providers' perspectives on the barriers experienced by families from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds along the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) pathway in Victoria, Australia. Twelve service providers (i.e., hearing screening program staff and diagnostic audiologists) participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Service providers identified differences in service delivery, communication, and support needs between families from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and those from majority cultural and linguistic (predominantly English-speaking) backgrounds. Perceived barriers included communication difficulties, lack of access to interpreters and translated written resources, cultural factors, and practical barriers to attending appointments. Clarifying the roles of service providers, providing access to resources to support communication, and requiring service providers to participate in cultural responsiveness training are suggested as strategies to improve services for families from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Findings from this study inform service provision throughout the EHDI pathway to improve care for families from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.

This study explores the experiences of deaf college students during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to examine institutional capacity to retain their most vulnerable students during this time of crisis. A secondary analysis of the National Center for Education Statistics dataset, the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, was conducted to explore deaf students' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic with communication from their college and disruptions related to finances, housing, or academics and to determine whether deaf students were more likely to leave their institutions than hearing students. The findings demonstrated that despite deaf students receiving similar amounts of helpful communication as their hearing peers and experiencing fewer economic disruptions, they were still nearly twice as likely to take a leave of absence or withdraw from their institution during the pandemic. These findings highlight the vulnerability of deaf college students to leaving college despite receiving institutional support.

Characters in movies have the potential to influence perceptions of how people see themselves. Deaf adolescents who have little opportunity to interact with Deaf peers or family members may be particularly drawn to Deaf people they see in the media. How the media portrays Deaf people may impact Deaf adolescents' self-perceptions of and language preferences. Yet little is known about the ways Deaf people are portrayed in movies, particularly films developed outside of the United States and not in English. In this study, we utilized content analysis to explore the portrayal of Deaf characters in Korean movies and Deaf involvement in the production of films. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the extent to which characters were portrayed by medical or cultural perspectives of Deaf people. Findings indicate that 68.5% of scenes in the sampled Korean films include medical rather than cultural messages about Deaf people. Additionally, none of the movies had Deaf people directly involved in the production of the films. Implications for future directions regarding identity and portrayal of Deaf people in media are discussed.

This paper is the fifth in a series concerned with factors affecting the level of access that educational interpreters provide to deaf and hard-of-hearing students. In previous papers, we have examined accuracy and intelligibility of educational interpreters who use Cued Speech (CS) and Signing Exact English (SEE). In this study, accuracy, or the proportion of the message correctly produced by the interpreter, was evaluated in 12 Conceptually Accurate Signed English (CASE) transliterators with varying degrees of experience at 3 different speaking rates (slow, normal, fast). Results were similar to previously reported data for CS and SEE transliterators: (a) speaking rate had a large negative effect on accuracy, primarily due to increased frequency of omissions, and (b) lag time had a very small negative effect on accuracy, accounting for just 3% of the variance. A small difference from previous studies was that increased experience level was not associated with increased accuracy; rather, all experience groups performed similarly. Finally, like their CS and SEE counterparts, the overall accuracy of the CASE transliterators (61% on average) was relatively low, which continues to raise concerns about the quality of transliteration services that (at least some) children receive in educational settings.

Bryan and Emery introduced a new concept in legal jurisprudence through which a critical examination of how the law deals with deaf people can be undertaken: deaf legal theory (DLT). They define it as "how the law seeks to frame Deaf people" and argue that legal systems should be reoriented to recognise and accommodate the unique perspectives and experiences of deaf people. Current legal systems are biased in favour of hearing people and these bias disadvantage deaf people in a variety of ways, including in their access to justice, employment, and education. The aim of this article is to advance Bryan and Emery's DLT by expounding its main arguments, situating it within its jurisprudential home of critical legal studies, considering the justification for its existence and providing a framework to apply it. The concept was introduced not within legal discourse but within Deaf Studies discourse and is therefore not yet widely known in legal scholarship. This article aims to bridge the gap between the two disciplines and firmly establish DLT as a legal theory in jurisprudence following which it can be applied to various legal subjects of intellectual enquiry.

Language comprehension is an essential component of human development that is associated not only with expressive language development and knowledge acquisition, but also with social inclusion, mental health, and quality of life. For deaf and hard-of-hearing adults with intellectual disability, there is a paucity of measures of receptive sign language skills, although these are a prerequisite for individualized planning and evaluation of intervention. Assessments require materials and procedures that are accurate, feasible, and suitable for low levels of functioning. We adapted measures of English-language comprehension in young children-a direct assessment and a caregiver questionnaire-into Austrian Sign Language and to the target group of adults with intellectual disability and used them with a non-preselected sample of 67 deaf and hard-of-hearing adults with intellectual disability living in therapeutic communities specifically for deaf and hard-of-hearing people with multiple disabilities in Austria. Findings for both assessments demonstrate their construct validity, excellent internal consistency, and a large symmetrical distribution over the referential age range. Acceptance by the deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals and the caregivers and time-efficient administration suggest high practicability. We recommend further implementation in clinical practice, albeit with cautious interpretation of the results, and the inclusion of the instruments in research on intellectual disability and deafness.

This article revisits the polarities of oralist and cultural-linguistic approaches to deaf identities through the perspective of the medieval Icelandic sagas, a product of mainly the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. Through a historically informed close reading of the Sagas of Early Icelanders corpus, 5 saga episodes were selected for further analysis with regard to the meaning of being deaf and/or non-speaking and intersections with other social categories like gender and class. This study suggests diverse ways in which being deaf and/or non-speaking was given meaning before the advent of oralism and the establishment of Deaf communities in Iceland, that is, as traits that lead to social exclusion as well as a part of the identities of individuals with considerable social status. An intersectional perspective shows male deaf characters exerting control over their lives and yielding political power, while deaf and non-speaking women are more portrayed as disenfranchised, regardless of their social class.

This article explores the perspectives on the acquisition and maintenance of heritage sign language in Spain among heritage signers themselves and sign language teachers, focusing on how such perspectives influence the use of a heritage sign language. The data analyzed draws on 22 semi-structured interviews with hearing adults who were children of deaf adults (CODA) and 5 deaf Spanish sign language teachers in Spain. Methodologically, an interpretive approach is applied to the data through a thematic analysis. This study shows that the contrast between the linguistic and communicative competencies of heritage signers and the standard variety taught in sign language courses creates important challenges for both heritage signers and their teachers. The experiences of both learners and teachers involved in the unique practice of heritage sign language education present fundamental insights and raise new questions regarding the transmission and valorization of sign languages as heritage languages.