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A Capabilities Framework for Dynamic Competition: Assessing the Relative Chances of Incumbents, Start-Ups, and Diversifying Entrants 动态竞争的能力框架:评估现有企业、初创企业和多元化进入者的相对机会
IF 2.9 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.37
J. Murmann, Fabian Vogt
ABSTRACT This essay argues that to assess the likelihood that incumbent firms will successfully make the required transformations to their strategy and operations in the face of technological transformations, it is not sufficient to investigate their dynamic capabilities. Whether an incumbent is likely to succeed in its effort to change itself via dynamic capabilities depends also on how quickly start-ups or diversifying entrants can build ordinary capabilities to offer the new technology at scale. We offer a framework to assess dynamic competition that integrates both ordinary and dynamic capabilities into the analysis by systematically comparing incumbents, start-ups, and diversifying entrants. We illustrate the framework with a case study of electric vehicles and aim to show how crucial such comparative analyses are for making well-founded predictions about the likelihood that incumbents will be able to maintain their leadership positions in the future.
摘要本文认为,要评估现有企业在面临技术变革时成功对其战略和运营进行必要变革的可能性,仅仅研究其动态能力是不够的。在职者是否有可能通过动态能力成功改变自己,还取决于初创企业或多元化进入者能够以多快的速度建立普通能力,大规模提供新技术。我们提供了一个评估动态竞争的框架,通过系统地比较现有企业、初创企业和多样化进入者,将普通能力和动态能力纳入分析。我们通过电动汽车的案例研究来说明这一框架,旨在表明这种比较分析对于对现任者未来保持领导地位的可能性做出有根据的预测是多么重要。
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引用次数: 3
Expatriates’ Embeddedness and Host Country Withdrawal Intention: A Social Exchange Perspective 外派人员的嵌入性与东道国退出意愿:一个社会交换视角
IF 2.9 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.48
Miikka J. Lehtonen, A. Koveshnikov, Heidi Wechtler
ABSTRACT In this study, we conceptualize the thus far little explored relationship between expatriate and host country as a form of social exchange governed by the norm of reciprocity. Drawing from social exchange theory and our analysis of 451 self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) living and working in the United Arab Emirates, we examine whether the degree of SIEs’ career and community embeddedness explains their host country withdrawal intention via enhanced perceived institutional trust and a more tolerant attitude toward workplace discrimination. Our results provide general support for our theoretical model and most of our hypotheses. In this way, our article makes three contributions. First, it suggests a novel way to conceptualize the relationship between SIEs and host country as a form of social exchange. Second, it differentiates between two dimensions of embeddedness and explicates how the two contribute to SIEs’ intentions to stay in the host country. Finally, the analysis theorizes and empirically tests two previously little explored mechanisms of enhanced institutional trust and a more tolerant attitude toward workplace discrimination through which SIEs’ host country embeddedness influences their host country withdrawal intentions. 在本研究中,我们论述为什么驻外人员和东道国之间存在一种以回报为原则的社会交换关系。我们基于社会交换理论,假设驻外人员在职场和社区的嵌入程度可以解释他们从东道国的撤离意向,因为嵌入程度越高,越可能增进他们对当地体制的信任以及对职场歧视的容忍。我们对451位自愿从国外来到阿拉伯联合酋长国居住和生活的人员进行了调查和分析,结果支持了以上假设。
摘要在本研究中,我们将迄今为止很少探索的外籍人士和东道国之间的关系概念化为一种受互惠规范支配的社会交流形式。根据社会交换理论和我们对451名在阿拉伯联合酋长国生活和工作的自主外籍人士(SIE)的分析,我们检验了SIE的职业和社区嵌入程度是否通过增强感知的制度信任和对工作场所歧视更宽容的态度来解释他们的东道国退出意愿。我们的结果为我们的理论模型和大多数假设提供了一般支持。通过这种方式,我们的文章做出了三点贡献。首先,它提出了一种新颖的方法,将SIE和东道国之间的关系概念化为一种社会交流形式。其次,它区分了嵌入性的两个维度,并解释了这两个维度如何促成SIE留在东道国的意图。最后,该分析理论化并实证检验了两种以前很少探索的机制,即增强制度信任和对工作场所歧视更宽容的态度,通过这两种机制,SIE的东道国嵌入性影响其东道国退出意愿。在本研究中,我们论述为什么驻外人员和东道国之间存在一种以回报为原则的社会交换关系。我们基于社会交换理论,假设驻外人员在职场和社区的嵌入程度可以解释他们从东道国的撤离意向,因为嵌入程度越高,越可能增进他们对当地体制的信任以及对职场歧视的容忍。我们对451位自愿从国外来到阿拉伯联合酋长国居住和生活的人员进行了调查和分析,结果支持了以上假设。
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引用次数: 2
Open Innovation in Ecuadorian SMEs: The Importance of Strategy and the Moderating Effect of Control 厄瓜多尔中小企业的开放创新:战略的重要性和控制的调节作用
IF 2.9 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.28
Antonia Madrid‐Guijarro, Ana Carolina Garcés-Torres
ABSTRACT Open innovation (OI) has been appointed as a key factor to promote innovative performance, but some research gaps remain especially when it comes to SMEs in developing countries. This article deals with (1) the effect of formalization of innovation strategy on OI activities in SMEs, (2) the impact of OI activities on SMEs’ innovative performance, and (3) the moderating role played by control on the relationship between inbound and outbound activities and the innovative performance. OI encompasses a range of innovative methods and procedures in firms to stimulate internal innovation and widen the external use of innovation (inbound and outbound). In this work, an empirical study is carried out on 543 Ecuadorian SMEs. The results show that the formalization of the innovation strategy promotes OI activities, both inbound and outbound. While outbound activities carried out by SMEs enhance innovative performance, this positive effect is only identified for inbound open innovation activities when control exists and increases, acting this variable as a moderating factor. These results have important implications both for the management of companies and the development of public policies aimed at promoting OI in SMEs in developing countries. This research contributes to the literature as it deals with a developing country context and considers a wide range of OI activities. 摘要 虽然开放式创新被认为是提升企业创新绩效的关键因素,但很少有研究关注它对于发展中国家中小企业的影响。本文研究三个问题:(1)正式制定创新战略对中小企业开放式创新活动的效应,(2)开放式创新活动对于中小企业创新绩效的影响,(3)企业管控对于开放式创新活动与创新绩效的调节作用。开放式创新包含一系列的创新方法和程序,用以刺激企业内部创新和扩大的创新的外在使用。本文作者对厄瓜多尔的543家中小企业进行了实证研究。结果表明,正式制定创新战略对企业开放式创新活动(无论内外)都有积极影响。此外,企业的对创新的外在使用总是能促进其创新绩效,但内部开放式创新活动却只有在内部管控机制存在或增加的情景中才对企业的创新绩效有正面影响。
开放式创新(OI)已被认为是促进创新绩效的关键因素,但对于发展中国家中小企业的研究仍存在一些空白。本文研究了:(1)创新战略形式化对中小企业OI活动的影响,(2)OI活动对中小企业创新绩效的影响,以及(3)管控对进、出活动与创新绩效关系的调节作用。企业创新包括一系列创新方法和程序,以刺激内部创新和扩大创新的外部使用(对内和对外)。本文对厄瓜多尔543家中小企业进行了实证研究。结果表明,创新战略的形式化促进了企业内部和外部的OI活动。中小企业开展的对外活动对创新绩效有促进作用,但只有在控制存在并增加的情况下,这种正向效应才会对对内开放创新活动产生影响,并将该变量作为调节因素。这些结果对于公司管理和旨在促进发展中国家中小企业OI的公共政策的制定具有重要意义。这项研究有助于文献,因为它涉及发展中国家的背景下,并考虑了广泛的成骨不全症活动。摘要 虽然开放式创新被认为是提升企业创新绩效的关键因素,但很少有研究关注它对于发展中国家中小企业的影响。本文研究三个问题:(1)正式制定创新战略对中小企业开放式创新活动的效应,(2)开放式创新活动对于中小企业创新绩效的影响,(3)企业管控对于开放式创新活动与创新绩效的调节作用。开放式创新包含一系列的创新方法和程序,用以刺激企业内部创新和扩大的创新的外在使用。本文作者对厄瓜多尔的543家中小企业进行了实证研究。结果表明,正式制定创新战略对企业开放式创新活动(无论内外)都有积极影响。此外,企业的对创新的外在使用总是能促进其创新绩效,但内部开放式创新活动却只有在内部管控机制存在或增加的情景中才对企业的创新绩效有正面影响。
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引用次数: 2
New Industry Paradigms May Overwhelm Dynamic Capabilities: Different Competitive Dynamics Around Tesla and Chinese EV Start-Ups 新的行业范式可能会颠覆动态能力:围绕特斯拉和中国电动汽车初创企业的不同竞争动态
IF 2.9 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.38
Hong Jiang, Feng Lu
ABSTRACT This is a follow-up discussion about the Chinese electric vehicle (EV) sector, in particular the relative prospects of traditional automotive manufacturers and new ‘species’, four years after our last conversation on this topic (Jiang & Lu, 2018). It is also a response to Murmann and Vogt's (2022) latest article, which goes beyond Teece's (2019) focus on dynamic capabilities and constructs a systematic framework of firm capabilities to understand the competitive dynamics during a transformational shift of products.
摘要:这是关于中国电动汽车行业的后续讨论,特别是传统汽车制造商和新“物种”的相对前景,距离我们上次就这个话题进行对话已有四年(姜和陆,2018)。这也是对Murmann和Vogt(2022)最新文章的回应,该文章超越了Teece(2019)对动态能力的关注,构建了一个系统的企业能力框架,以了解产品转型过程中的竞争动态。
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引用次数: 2
Family Influence and Environmental Proactiveness of Family Firms in China: A Mixed Gamble Perspective 中国家族企业的家族影响与环境积极性:一个混合赌博的视角
IF 2.9 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.21
B. Liu, Gongming Qian, K. Au
ABSTRACT Built upon the mixed gamble perspective, we used a recent survey on Chinese family firms (FFs) and found that increased family influence lowers Chinese FF environmental proactiveness, as they show a peculiar tendency to take a financial view rather than a socioemotional wealth view. Moreover, we found that increased resource endowment attenuates this tendency, whereas provincial marketization strengthens it. However, entrepreneur reputation does not have a significant moderating effect. Overall, the study enriches an understanding of environmental proactiveness for FFs, organizational heterogeneity, and institutional differences. It also introduces new elements into the mixed gamble framework. 摘要 基于混合博弈模型的理论视角,我们通过对一份最新的中国家族企业调查问卷进行分析,发现这些家族企业普遍倾向于更关注金钱财富而非社会情感财富,因而随着家族影响力的增加,其企业的环保积极性反而降低。此外,我们也发现企业资源禀赋的增加会削弱上述关系,而省级市场化程度会加强上述关系。但是,企业主的个人声誉不显著影响上述关系。综合来看,本研究丰富了家族企业环保积极性的研究,强调了组织的异质性及制度环境的差异性,同时为混合博弈模型注入了新的理论要素。
ABSTRACT Build up on the mixed diamond perspective, we used a recent survey on Chinese family firms (FFs) and found that increased family influence lower Chinese FF environmental protection, as they showed a specialist margin to take a financial view more than a social emotional wealth view More than, we found that increased resource allowance attention to this tense, where as provincial marketing strengths it. However, the introduction does not have a significant modeling effect Overall, the study enriches an understanding of environmental protection for FFs, organizational heterogeneity, and institutional differences It also introduces new elements into the mixed Gamble framework Based on the theoretical perspective of a mixed game model, we analyzed a recent survey questionnaire of Chinese family businesses and found that these family businesses generally tend to pay more attention to financial wealth rather than social emotional wealth. Therefore, as the influence of the family increases, their environmental enthusiasm decreases. In addition, we also found that an increase in enterprise resource endowment weakens the above relationship, while the degree of provincial-level marketization strengthens the above relationship. However, the personal reputation of the business owner does not significantly affect the above relationship. Overall, this study enriches the research on the environmental enthusiasm of family businesses, emphasizing the heterogeneity of organizations and differences in institutional environments, while injecting new theoretical elements into the mixed game model.
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引用次数: 2
Chinese Firms’ Acquisition of Innovation Capability from Overseas: Approaches by State- versus Private-Owned Firms 中国企业海外创新能力的获取:国有企业与民营企业之比较
IF 2.9 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.26
M. Ghorbani, Zhenzhen Xie, Jun-Na Jin, Fengbin Wang
ABSTRACT Through two in-depth case studies, we compare the approaches of a state-owned enterprise (SOE), Beijing Automotive Industries Holding Co., and a privately owned enterprise (POE), Geely, to acquire and absorb advanced technological knowledge to enhance their innovation capabilities. Each company acquired advanced knowledge from troubled famous Swedish automakers and upgraded their products technologically. Analyzing data mainly collected from secondary sources identifies major differences in approaches and actions at each acquisition step rooted in the type of ownership. We juxtapose these differences with insights from the literature on knowledge acquisition and research on firm ownership. Our findings show that the POE seeks the strategic goal of synergistic technology integration for better innovation and economic performance. In contrast, the SOE pursues national objectives with less regard for market success. This SOE focuses on an independent approach to knowledge absorption and development during their acquisition, whereas the POE emphasizes collaboration in innovation capacity development. This study provides insights into Chinese firms’ positioning on innovation development on the global stage, comparative capitalism, and the particular case of state capitalism in China. 摘要 本文通过对两个案例的深入比较研究,对比了国有企业北汽和民营企业吉利获取和吸收先进技术知识以增强创新能力的策略。这两家公司都从陷入困境的知名瑞典汽车制造商那里获取了先进知识,消化吸收促进其产品的技术升级,因此有相当的可比性。本研究以二手数据为主,从知识获取以及企业所有制两个视角对案例进行分析。作者发现两家企业在知识获取的每一个环节都采取了不同的策略和行动,而这些不同根植于两家企业的所有制差异。研究结果表明,私营企业的策略遵循技术集成以期获得更佳的创新和经济绩效的战略目标,而国企更侧重国家目标、较少考虑市场成功。此外,该国有企业在收购过程中注重知识吸收和开发过程中的独立自主,而私营企业则强调合作提升创新能力。本研究为有关中国企业国际化过程中的创新发展、制度比较研究,特别是中国的国有企业研究提供了新见解和新发现。
ABSTRACT Through two in depth case studies, we compare the approvals of a state owned enterprise (SOE), Beijing Automotive Industries Holding Co., and a privately owned enterprise (POE), Geely, to acquire and enhance their innovation capabilities Each company acquired advanced knowledge from troublesome Swedish automakers and upgraded their products technically Analyzing data mainly collected from secondary sources identifying major differences in approvals and actions at each acquisition step rooted in the type of ownership We juxtapose these differences with insights from the quality on knowledge acquisition and research on firm ownership Our findings show that the POE seeks the strategic goal of synergistic technology integration for better innovation and economic performance In contrast, the SOE purchases national objectives with less regard for market success This SOE focuses on an independent approach to knowledge absorption and development during their acquisition, where as the POE emphasizes collaboration in innovation capacity development This study provides insights into Chinese firms'positioning on innovation development on the global stage, comparative capital, and the specific case of state capital in China Abstract: This article compares the strategies of state-owned enterprise BAIC and private enterprise Geely in acquiring and absorbing advanced technological knowledge to enhance innovation capabilities through in-depth comparative research on two cases. Both companies have obtained advanced knowledge from well-known Swedish automakers in distress, digested and absorbed it to promote the technological upgrading of their products, thus having considerable comparability. This study focuses on second-hand data and analyzes the case from the perspectives of knowledge acquisition and enterprise ownership. The author found that the two companies have adopted different strategies and actions in every aspect of knowledge acquisition, and these differences are rooted in the ownership differences between the two companies. The research results indicate that private enterprises follow the strategic goal of technology integration to achieve better innovation and economic performance, while state-owned enterprises focus more on national goals and less on market success. In addition, the state-owned enterprise emphasizes knowledge absorption and independence in the development process during the acquisition process, while the private enterprise emphasizes cooperation to enhance innovation capabilities. This study provides new insights and findings for the study of innovative development and institutional comparison in the internationalization process of Chinese enterprises, especially for the study of state-owned enterprises in China.
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引用次数: 1
MOR volume 18 issue 6 Cover and Front matter 铁道部第18卷第6期封面和封面
IF 2.9 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.53
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引用次数: 0
De-Linking From Western Epistemologies: Using Guanxi-Type Relationships to Attract and Retain Hotel Guests in the Middle East – ERRATUM 从西方认识论中分离:利用关系型关系在中东吸引和留住酒店客人-勘误
IF 2.9 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/mor.2021.57
Ahmed Shaalan, Riyad Eid, M. Tourky
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引用次数: 1
India and China: Distinct Paths to Global Businesses 印度和中国:通往全球商业的不同道路
IF 2.9 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.25
K. Meyer
ABSTRACT The ‘rivalry’ between India and China on the global stage is much ado about nothing. India and China both have huge potential to play a bigger role in global business than they do today. Both countries have experienced major growth domestically, which is not yet matched by their role in global business. MNEs from the two countries have been internationalizing along very different pathways, with few overlaps. Their ability to realize their potential depends on policies and institutions as well as entrepreneurial business leadership in their own country. Their future internationalization depends only to a small degree on the other of the two countries
印度和中国在全球舞台上的“竞争”是无事生非的。印度和中国都有巨大的潜力在全球商业中发挥比现在更大的作用。这两个国家都经历了国内经济的大幅增长,但这与它们在全球商业中的作用还不相称。两国跨国公司的国际化道路截然不同,几乎没有重叠之处。他们实现其潜力的能力取决于其本国的政策和制度以及企业领导。他们未来的国际化只在很小程度上取决于两国中的另一方
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引用次数: 0
Introducing ‘Business Plus Education Ecosystem’ as a Commentary to Fey (2022) 介绍“商业+教育生态系统”作为对Fey的评论(2022)
IF 2.9 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.24
Jiang Wei, Zhongyuan Zhang
ABSTRACT In a recent paper, Carl Fey (2022) ponders the future development of Chinese business schools. He observes that the American model of business education – the target of emulation for most Chinese business schools up to this point – shows signs of serious inadequacy. It is high time, Fey argues, that Chinese business schools come up with ‘indigenous’ models of business education that better serve the needs of China's social and economical development. The paper then sketches a framework featuring some fundamental aspects of such indigenous models. We find Fey's central argument and framework both timely and inspiring. In what follows, we draw on what is happening at the School of Management of Zhejiang University (‘the School’) to respond to, and dialogue with, some of Fey's ideas.
摘要在最近的一篇论文中,Carl Fey(2022)思考了中国商学院的未来发展。他观察到,美国的商业教育模式——迄今为止大多数中国商学院效仿的目标——显示出严重不足的迹象。Fey认为,现在是时候让中国商学院提出“本土”商业教育模式,更好地满足中国社会和经济发展的需要了。然后,本文概述了一个框架,其中包括这些本土模型的一些基本方面。我们发现费的中心论点和框架既及时又鼓舞人心。在下文中,我们借鉴浙江大学管理学院(“学院”)正在发生的事情,对费的一些想法进行回应和对话。
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引用次数: 0
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