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Endangered cultural heritage in the Russia–Ukraine war: comparing and critiquing interventions by international cultural heritage organizations 俄乌战争中的濒危文化遗产:国际文化遗产组织干预的比较与批判
IF 1.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2243457
Marc R. H. Kosciejew
ABSTRACT Cultural heritage in Ukraine is presently endangered. As Russia’s war against the country continues, Ukrainian cultural heritage has been damaged, destroyed, and remains at risk. Interventions into the war initiated by the international cultural heritage community commenced with the issuance of formal public statements regarding the war and its implications. This article reviews the statements by some of the world’s leading cultural heritage organizations, specifically the International Council on Archives (ICA), the International Council of Museums (ICOM), the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Twin objectives are offered: first, establishing an overview of the international cultural heritage community’s early communications regarding the war; and second, comparing and critiquing these public pronouncements and implications for Ukrainian cultural heritage. Ultimately, a joint contemporary and historical snapshot situating the international cultural heritage community within the war’s early stages is presented.
乌克兰的文化遗产目前处于濒危状态。由于俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争仍在继续,乌克兰的文化遗产遭到了破坏和破坏,并仍处于危险之中。国际文化遗产界对战争的介入始于发表关于战争及其影响的正式公开声明。本文回顾了一些世界领先的文化遗产组织的声明,特别是国际档案理事会(ICA)、国际博物馆理事会(ICOM)、国际图书馆协会和机构联合会(IFLA)和联合国教育、科学及文化组织(UNESCO)。提出了两个目标:第一,建立国际文化遗产界关于战争的早期交流的概述;第二,比较和批评这些公开声明及其对乌克兰文化遗产的影响。最后,在战争的早期阶段,展示了国际文化遗产社区的当代和历史快照。
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引用次数: 1
Heritage-making, landscapes, and experiences in tension in the Southern Andes mountains, Argentina 阿根廷南安第斯山脉的遗产制作、景观和紧张体验
IF 1.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2243478
Leticia Saldi, María José Ots, Luis Mafferra
ABSTRACT This paper employs the concepts of heritage-making, communal identity formation, and landscape production to analyse the spaces that contribute to local, provincial, and national identities. Specifically, we examine how these spaces, now valued for their natural and historical significance, shape contemporary collective identity. Our study is located in the Andes mountain range, in an area called Manzano Histórico, in central- western Argentina, which is part of a larger nature reserve created to protect the headwaters of the basin and mountain areas from large-scale economic projects. This paper utilises a qualitative methodology that combines archaeological and historical studies with ethnographic techniques and a survey to describe and analyse the millennial occupation of the region. This continuous occupation has been shaped by multiple ways of inhabiting the world, some dominant and others marginalised or made invisible, resulting in ongoing present-day tensions. The heritage landscape proposed is a partial result of these tensions, a textured, fractured, and patched product of diverse, historically enabled practices. By analysing these spaces, we aim to acknowledge the various ways of being in the world that intersect within them, as well as the identity formations of alterity that hierarchise or invisibilise these practices.
本文采用遗产创造、公共身份形成和景观生产的概念来分析有助于地方、省和国家身份的空间。具体来说,我们研究了这些空间是如何塑造当代集体身份的,它们现在因其自然和历史意义而受到重视。我们的研究位于安第斯山脉,在阿根廷中西部一个名为Manzano Histórico的地区,这是一个更大的自然保护区的一部分,该保护区是为了保护盆地和山区的源头免受大规模经济项目的影响而建立的。本文采用定性方法,将考古和历史研究与民族志技术和调查相结合,描述和分析该地区千年的占领。这种持续的占领是由居住在世界上的多种方式形成的,一些占主导地位,另一些被边缘化或被忽视,导致当今持续的紧张局势。提议的遗产景观是这些紧张关系的部分结果,是多种历史实践的纹理,断裂和修补的产物。通过分析这些空间,我们的目标是承认在其中相交的世界中的各种存在方式,以及使这些实践分层或隐形的另类的身份形成。
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引用次数: 0
Factors affecting tourists’ emotional reactions during a visit to a dark attraction: a conceptual model 影响游客参观黑暗景点时情绪反应的因素:一个概念模型
IF 1.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2243479
A. Pizam, Marcos Medeiros, Villy Abraham
ABSTRACT This study proposes a novel conceptual model for exploring how the interaction between first, the severity of the dark event(s) related to dark attractions, secondly, the recency of the event(s) related to the attraction, and third, the sharing of a common heritage with the event(s) related to the attraction, can affect tourists’ emotional reactions while visiting dark attractions. This study reviews the literature on the generalisability of dark attractions, as well as the current state of the art on tourists’ emotional reactions during visits to dark attractions, focusing on the effects of severity (i.e. number of deaths) and recency (i.e. number of years ago) of the dark event, as well as the sharing of a common heritage with the dark event. The proposed conceptual model differs from previous ones by focusing on a 2 × 2×2 framework, thus enabling measuring each variable’s effect on tourists’ emotional reactions. Implications for adopting and testing the proposed conceptual model are discussed.
摘要:本研究提出了一个新的概念模型,用于探索与黑暗景点相关的黑暗事件的严重性、与景点相关的黑暗事件的近时性以及与景点相关事件的共同遗产之间的相互作用如何影响游客在参观黑暗景点时的情绪反应。本研究回顾了关于黑暗景点的普遍性的文献,以及游客在参观黑暗景点时的情绪反应的现状,重点是黑暗事件的严重性(即死亡人数)和最近(即几年前)的影响,以及与黑暗事件共享共同遗产。所提出的概念模型不同于以往的概念模型,它侧重于一个2× 2×2框架,从而能够测量每个变量对游客情绪反应的影响。讨论了采用和测试所提出的概念模型的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Collective memory and identity of a rebranded ‘Chinatown’ “唐人街”的集体记忆与身份认同
IF 1.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2244921
Seong Lin Ding
ABSTRACT This study explores the collective memory and identity of a Chinese neighbourhood at the old city centre of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Since the 1990s, this old neighbourhood, which has a famous Cantonese name – ‘Chee Chong Kai’ (CCK) – has been contentiously rebranded by the state as ‘Chinatown’. The purpose of the present study is twofold. First, by drawing on observational data, interviews, questionnaires and photographic data, this paper uncovers the collective memory of the neighbourhood. Second, this study offers a critical insight into the renaming and rebranding of the CCK, identifying the ways in which the renaming/rebranding has affected the neighbourhood’s collective identity. The findings reveal concerns over the changing landscapes in the neighbourhood that have affected or erased its character and heritage and the potential contention between the official and the ‘vernacular’ collective memory/identity. More importantly, the renaming/rebranding of the place itself reflects, paradoxically, the pressure to forego the neighbourhood’s Chineseness. Drawing on the wider international tourism market and other power-related concerns, this study argues the need to reposition the CCK and an absence of major efforts to sustain the urban space and urban heritage in a way that would represent and proclaim a truly integrated (and inclusive) Malaysian society.
本研究探讨了马来西亚吉隆坡老城区一个华人社区的集体记忆和身份认同。自上世纪90年代以来,这个有着著名粤语名字“智创街”(CCK)的老街区被政府重新命名为“唐人街”,引发了争议。本研究的目的是双重的。首先,通过观察数据、访谈、问卷调查和摄影数据,本文揭示了社区的集体记忆。其次,本研究为CCK的更名和品牌重塑提供了重要的见解,确定了更名/品牌重塑对社区集体认同的影响方式。调查结果揭示了对社区不断变化的景观的担忧,这些景观已经影响或抹去了其特征和遗产,以及官方和“本地”集体记忆/身份之间潜在的争论。更重要的是,这个地方的重新命名/重新命名本身反映了一种矛盾的压力,即放弃该地区的中国特色。利用更广泛的国际旅游市场和其他与权力相关的问题,本研究认为需要重新定位CCK,并且缺乏以一种能够代表和宣告真正整合(和包容性)马来西亚社会的方式来维持城市空间和城市遗产的主要努力。
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引用次数: 0
Theatre heritage in pre-WWII Hong Kong: a postcolonial reading 二战前香港的戏剧遗产:后殖民解读
IF 1.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2243450
P. Lau, Ophios P.Y. Chow
ABSTRACT This paper aims to delineate the transformation of theatre design in Hong Kong, which was initially born out of Chinese settlements, through socio-cultural dimensions. It studies the factors that altered the design of theatre buildings from the early colonial years in the 1860s to around the second World War in the late 1930s. By adopting a postcolonial analytical framework as well as interpretive-historical and archival research methods to examine primary resources including government documents, historical photos and drawings, interviewing descendants of cinema operators and architects, as well as film archivists and architectural historians, this paper details how socio-cultural factors evolving building regulations and the local industry had impacted upon the transition of theatre architecture over half a century, witnessing indigenous efforts that resisted certain colonial narratives in the design process. The paper also scrutinises what potentials the architectures, demolished or still existing, can serve in the context of theatre heritage in postcolonial Hong Kong.
摘要本文旨在从社会文化的维度来描述香港戏剧设计的转型,香港戏剧设计最初诞生于华人聚居地。它研究了从19世纪60年代早期殖民时期到20世纪30年代末第二次世界大战前后改变剧院建筑设计的因素。通过采用后殖民分析框架以及解释历史和档案研究方法来检查主要资源,包括政府文件,历史照片和图纸,采访电影院经营者和建筑师的后代,以及电影档案保管员和建筑历史学家,本文详细介绍了半个多世纪以来,社会文化因素如何演变建筑法规和当地工业对剧院建筑的转变产生了影响,见证了当地人在设计过程中抵制某些殖民叙事的努力。本文亦探讨了这些已拆除或仍存在的建筑,在香港后殖民时代的戏剧遗产背景下,有何潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The Best We Share: Nation and World-making in the UNESCO World Heritage Arena 我们分享的最好的:联合国教科文组织世界遗产舞台上的国家和世界创造
IF 1.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2243469
Maya Brahmam
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引用次数: 0
Why collections matter: impacts of cultural heritage collections on people’s lives 藏品为什么重要:文化遗产藏品对人们生活的影响
IF 1.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2243481
Amy Iwasaki, José Luiz Pederzoli
ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a global, cross-cultural survey conducted by ICCROM that invited people from all walks of life to describe the impacts that cultural heritage collections have on their lives. The qualitative responses of nearly 2,400 collected surveys were coded to extract main themes, which were subsequently analysed against respondents’ ages, geographic distribution, and occupations using asymmetrical correspondence analysis. Across eight main themes, this research explores recurring justifications observed in the survey data describing how heritage collections were perceived to impact – or not impact – people’s lives, considering variance across different demographic groups. It further engages contemporary heritage debates to discuss what the results might say about the actual and potential roles of heritage collections in today’s global societies, as well as some possible implications on their management.
本文介绍了ICCROM进行的一项全球跨文化调查的结果,该调查邀请了各行各业的人们描述文化遗产收藏对他们生活的影响。收集的近2400份调查的定性回答被编码以提取主要主题,随后使用不对称对应分析对受访者的年龄,地理分布和职业进行分析。在八个主要主题中,本研究探讨了在调查数据中观察到的反复出现的理由,这些数据描述了遗产收藏如何被认为影响-或不影响-人们的生活,考虑到不同人口群体的差异。它进一步参与当代遗产辩论,讨论结果可能说明遗产收藏在当今全球社会中的实际和潜在作用,以及对其管理的一些可能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Between objects of science and lived lives. The legal liminality of old human remains in museums and research 在科学研究对象和现实生活之间。博物馆和研究机构对古代人类遗骸的法律限制
IF 1.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2234350
Liv Nilsson Stutz
ABSTRACT Collections of old human remains in museums are currently under increased scrutiny and pressure. On the one hand they are problematised from a post-colonial and human rights point of view as the material remains of historic and ongoing structural violence connected to scientific knowledge production. On the other, new methods in archaeological science have led to increasing demand for destructive sampling. Without guidance and support by laws and formal standardised professional guidelines, museums may find themselves squeezed from two opposing sides. Based on an analysis of laws and professional guidelines, and a large-scale survey of the practical handling of old human remains in Swedish museums, this article argues that the lack of a shared professional process that recognises the complexity of old human remains as both objects of science and lived lives, risks undermining the role of museums in their relationship to both the public and the research community.
博物馆收藏的古代人类遗骸目前受到越来越多的审查和压力。一方面,从后殖民和人权的角度来看,它们是有问题的,因为它们是与科学知识生产有关的历史性和持续的结构性暴力的物质遗迹。另一方面,考古科学的新方法导致对破坏性采样的需求不断增加。如果没有法律的指导和支持,没有正式的标准化的专业指南,博物馆可能会发现自己被两个对立的方面所挤压。基于对法律和专业指南的分析,以及对瑞典博物馆中老年人类遗骸的实际处理的大规模调查,本文认为,缺乏一个共同的专业过程,承认老年人类遗骸既是科学对象又是活生生的生命的复杂性,有可能破坏博物馆在与公众和研究界的关系中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Negotiating performance between policy and platform — heritage practice of a Chinese craftsperson on Douyin (TikTok) 政策与平台的谈判表现——抖音(TikTok)上一位中国工匠的传承实践
IF 1.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2237495
Yinzi Yi
ABSTRACT The pervasiveness of digital media has profoundly transformed how we preserve and promote intangible cultural heritage (ICH). With the growing popularity of Douyin, a video-focused social networking platform, ICH inheritors in China have begun to post videos that showcase their artisanship. On the one hand, the affordances of Douyin encourage its users to keep up with the latest trend, subjugating them to mimetic participation; on the other hand, heritage policies in China foster the top-down formation of nationalist identity. Therefore, how heritage practitioners negotiate between the top-down authority of policies and the horizontal mimesis of the platform is a matter of concern. This paper applies performance analysis to explore the Douyin videos of a Chinese craftsperson, Li Niangen, a municipal ICH inheritor whose Douyin videos are highly popular. ICH policies in China and the affordances of the platform may support the formation of distinct identities. However, by assuming multiple and even contrasting roles in his videos, Li is fully engaged in none of them. This paper proposes that the presentation of multiple roles copes with the conflicting logic in Chinese society. In addition, the misalignment of these roles may simultaneously utilise and unsettle the administrative and digital authorities.
数字媒体的普及深刻地改变了我们保护和促进非物质文化遗产(ICH)的方式。随着抖音(一个专注于视频的社交网络平台)的日益普及,中国的非物质遗产继承人开始发布视频,展示他们的技艺。一方面,抖音的功能鼓励其用户紧跟最新趋势,使他们屈服于模仿性参与;另一方面,中国的遗产政策促进了自上而下的民族主义认同的形成。因此,遗产从业者如何在自上而下的政策权威和水平的平台模仿之间进行协商是一个值得关注的问题。本文运用绩效分析的方法,对中国手工艺人、市级非物质文化遗产传承人李娘根的抖音视频进行了研究,她的抖音视频非常受欢迎。中国的非物质文化遗产政策和平台的支持可能会支持独特身份的形成。然而,通过在他的视频中扮演多个甚至是截然不同的角色,李并没有完全投入其中。本文提出多元角色的呈现是为了应对中国社会的矛盾逻辑。此外,这些角色的错位可能会同时利用和扰乱管理和数字权威。
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引用次数: 0
Intellectual property as a blind spot in the UNESCO Convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage 知识产权作为联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产保护公约的盲点
IF 1.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2023.2236590
Chiara Bortolotto, B. Ubertazzi
ABSTRACT In this article we explore the use of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in the implementation of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. In retracing the ambiguous role accorded to IPRs since the drafting of the Convention and considering the practice of the Organs of the Convention, we highlight discrepancies in the decisions and debates of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage vis-à-vis IPRs. Drawing on our own anthropological and legal perspectives, we shed light on the fragmentation of different disciplinary standpoints and specialist knowledge in the practice of the Organs of the Convention, revealing how observed inconsistencies in the role of IPRs are neither acknowledged nor addressed. This makes the issue of IPRs a blind spot. Yet, ‘working misunderstandings’ facilitate rather than hinder successful interaction among the many players within the Convention, allowing different, and sometimes contradictory, stances to imperfectly coexist.
本文探讨了知识产权在《保护非物质文化遗产公约》实施中的运用。回顾自《公约》起草以来赋予知识产权的模糊作用,并考虑到《公约》各机构的实践,我们强调了保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会关于-à-vis知识产权的决定和辩论中的差异。根据我们自己的人类学和法学观点,我们揭示了公约机构实践中不同学科立场和专业知识的碎片化,揭示了知识产权作用中观察到的不一致是如何既没有得到承认也没有得到解决的。这使得知识产权问题成为一个盲点。然而,“工作上的误解”促进了而不是阻碍了公约中许多参与者之间的成功互动,允许不同的,有时是矛盾的立场不完美地共存。
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of Heritage Studies
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