Theoretical Criminology最新文献

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The boundaries of the carceral state: Accounting for the role of military incarceration 监禁国家的边界:解释军事监禁的作用

2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/13624806231163109

Smadar Ben-Natan

This article extends the study of carceral expansion—currently encompassing criminal, civil, and immigration enforcement—by examining the role of military (and, within that, extraterritorial) incarceration. Drawing on the case of military incarceration of civilians in Israel/Palestine, which since 1967 has accounted for between one-third and one-half of the entire prisoner population, it demonstrates the consolidation of a single carceral apparatus that normalizes military detention and incorporates non-citizens detained in extraterritorial locations. Involving both institutional and spatial dimensions, the article illuminates how the boundaries of the carceral state are relatively independent of formal sovereign borders, legal categories, and institutional arrangements, identifying the military as a carceral state agency. The study thus suggests a framework for an integrated study that accounts for the actual scope of the carceral state and its paradoxical modes of exclusionary inclusion.

本文通过考察军事监禁(以及其中的域外监禁)的作用，扩展了对监狱扩张的研究——目前包括刑事、民事和移民执法。以以色列/巴勒斯坦军事监禁平民的情况为例，自1967年以来，这种情况占全部囚犯人口的三分之一至二分之一，它表明单一的监禁机构的巩固，使军事拘留正常化，并将被拘留在域外地点的非公民纳入其中。文章从制度和空间两方面阐述了军事国家的边界如何相对独立于正式的主权边界、法律类别和制度安排，并将军队确定为军事国家机构。因此，该研究提出了一个综合研究的框架，该框架考虑了癌症状态的实际范围及其排他性包容的矛盾模式。

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Torture and Torturous Violence: Transcending Definitions of Torture by Victoria Canning 书评：《酷刑与暴力：超越酷刑的定义》，维多利亚·坎宁著

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/13624806231166495

Ergun Cakal

引用次数: 0

The capitalization of crime in the city of real estate 房地产城市犯罪的资本化

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/13624806231161595

Eilat Maoz, Meirav Aharon Gutman

This article explores how the relationship between crime and property values is reshaped by the transformation of houses into investible assets. Departing from neoclassical economics of crime, we introduce the notion of “capitalization of crime” to illustrate how crime is utilized to generate forward-looking financial expectations and shape housing markets in gentrifying neighborhoods. The study, based in Haifa, Israel, combines quantitative and qualitative data to demonstrate how investors and renters each play a role in constructing the value of crime by capitalizing crime in opposite directions. First, using a geographic information system to map crime alongside real-estate prices, we show that the effect of crime on property values is offset by prospects of future gentrification, thereby contributing to housing speculation. Second, using digital ethnography, we show how renters use “crime” to dampen investor expectations, reduce rents, and delay their displacement. Thus, our study adds to the established body of critical criminology, which examines the manipulation of crime for economic and political gains. It further contributes to emergent debates in urban criminology by explicating how the financialization of rental housing is remaking urban politics of crime and criminalization.

本文探讨了如何通过将房屋转化为可投资资产来重塑犯罪与财产价值之间的关系。从新古典犯罪经济学出发，我们引入了“犯罪资本化”的概念，以说明如何利用犯罪来产生前瞻性的金融预期，并塑造中产阶级化社区的住房市场。这项基于以色列海法的研究结合了定量和定性数据，展示了投资者和租房者如何通过将犯罪资本化到相反的方向，在构建犯罪价值方面发挥作用。首先，使用地理信息系统将犯罪与房地产价格进行映射，我们发现犯罪对房地产价值的影响被未来绅士化的前景所抵消，从而助长了住房投机。其次，使用数字民族志，我们展示了租房者如何利用“犯罪”来抑制投资者的期望，降低租金，并推迟他们的流离失所。因此，我们的研究增加了批判犯罪学的现有体系，该体系考察了为经济和政治利益操纵犯罪的行为。它通过解释租赁住房的金融化如何重塑犯罪和刑事定罪的城市政治，进一步推动了城市犯罪学中出现的争论。

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引用次数: 0

Penal duress in (post)colonial Myanmar (后)殖民时期缅甸的刑事胁迫

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/13624806231162602

Andrew M. Jefferson, Tomas Max Martin

This article explores the notion and nature of penal duress, illustrated through analysis of martial, penal practice in Myanmar. We examine prison labour and pone-san (a demeaning, defamatory and coercive control of prisoners’ bodies) to show how these two enduring practices of domination, subjection and constraint – understood, drawing on Ann Laura Stoler, as relations of duress – animate penal practice in powerful, productive and problematic ways. Resisting the urge to view imperial forms through a peripheralising northern lens, or solely in terms of continuity and discontinuity, we pursue an understanding of penal duress as a ubiquitous, yet distinctly situated and relational phenomenon that has taken form through local colonial experiences and their afterlives. In sum, we attend to ‘processes of partial inscriptions, modified displacements and amplified recuperations’ to discuss how relations of penal duress are endured and enduring in Myanmar today.

本文通过对缅甸军事刑法实践的分析，探讨了刑事胁迫的概念和性质。我们研究了监狱劳动和pon -san(一种对囚犯身体的贬低、诽谤和强制控制)，以展示这两种经久不衰的统治、服从和约束的做法——借鉴安·劳拉·斯托勒(Ann Laura Stoler)的观点，将其理解为胁迫关系——如何以强大、富有成效和有问题的方式推动刑罚实践。抵制通过外围北方镜头来看待帝国形式的冲动，或者仅仅从连续性和非连续性的角度来看，我们追求对刑罚胁迫的理解，将其视为一种无处不在的，但独特的位置和关系现象，这种现象通过当地的殖民经历及其来世形成。总而言之，我们关注“部分铭文，修改位移和扩大复原的过程”，以讨论今天缅甸的刑事胁迫关系是如何忍受和持久的。

引用次数: 0

Dirty money and financial inequality in North Philadelphia 北费城的脏钱和财政不平等

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/13624806231162608

Jack C. Smith

Between 1984 and 2016, Philadelphia prosecutors seized over US$86 million dollars, most of it in the form of cash taken from Black and Latinx Philadelphians. These seizures of dirty money were realized through civil forfeiture, which has the unique capacity to enrich municipal law enforcement agencies while dispossessing alleged participants in the drug trade. As a civil intervention into the illicit narcotics trade, cash forfeiture is characteristic of the carceral state's increasing use of non-criminal sanctions. In this essay I argue that Philadelphia police and prosecutors mobilize cash forfeiture to assert social control over the interfaces between licit and illicit economies in Philadelphia's poorest and most racially segregated neighborhoods. Drawing from historical accounts of the racial capitalist state's disciplinary oversight of the monetary system, I show how cash forfeiture operates through a racializing framework of socio-moral remediation that reproduces the harms associated with longstanding financial inequality in these neighborhoods.

1984年至2016年间，费城检察官扣押了8600多万美元，其中大部分是从黑人和拉丁裔费城人手中拿走的现金。这些赃款的扣押是通过民事没收实现的，民事没收具有丰富市政执法机构的独特能力，同时剥夺了被指控的毒品交易参与者。作为对非法毒品贸易的民事干预，没收现金是死刑国家越来越多地使用非刑事制裁的特点。在这篇文章中，我认为费城警方和检察官动员没收现金，以维护对费城最贫穷、种族隔离最严重的社区合法经济和非法经济之间接口的社会控制。根据种族资本主义国家对货币系统纪律监督的历史记录，我展示了现金没收是如何通过社会道德补救的种族化框架运作的，该框架再现了这些社区长期存在的金融不平等带来的危害。

引用次数: 0

Gendering the carceral web: Public sector reform, technology and digital (in)justice 网络性别化:公共部门改革、技术和数字司法

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2023-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/13624806231151657

G. Birkett

The UK government's Transforming Our Justice System agenda represents an emerging system of penal governance. Its cumulative impact, manifested through the mainstreaming of virtual hearings, a system of automatic online convictions and the Single Justice Procedure is a story yet to tell, with the potential impact on marginalised women simply a footnote. Such women, well-documented victims of the legal aid cuts as well as the digital divide, must comply with and negotiate the requirements of the carceral web alone. Pursuance of the reforms, representing the next instalment in the neo-liberal justice agenda, exposes another example of life at the penal–welfare nexus. This precarious territory has burgeoned since government-imposed austerity, with implications for self-criminalisation, net-widening and social justice. Reforms couched in the language of ‘efficiency’ and ‘common sense’ are likely to run in direct opposition to what marginalised women might need (or respond well to) and may jeopardise official reductionist strategies.

英国政府的司法体系转型议程代表了一种新兴的刑罚治理体系。虚拟听证会的主流化、自动在线定罪系统和单一司法程序所体现的累积影响尚不清楚，对边缘化妇女的潜在影响只是一个注脚。这些妇女是法律援助削减和数字鸿沟的受害者，她们必须独自遵守和谈判法律网络的要求。改革的推进，代表了新自由主义司法议程的下一阶段，暴露了另一个生活在刑罚与福利关系中的例子。自政府实施紧缩政策以来，这一不稳定的领域迅速发展，对自我定罪、网络扩大和社会正义产生了影响。以“效率”和“常识”的语言表达的改革很可能与边缘化妇女可能需要的(或良好的反应)直接对立，并可能危及官方的简化主义战略。

引用次数: 0

Irreducibly Social: Why Biocriminology's Ontoepistemology is Incompatible with the Social Reality of Crime. 不可简化的社会:为什么生物犯罪学的本体论与犯罪的社会现实不相容。

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/13624806211073695

Callie H Burt

Professing interactionist bio + social terminology, contemporary biocriminology asserts a break from its biologically essentialist past. Assurances notwithstanding, whether biocriminology has undergone a decisive paradigm shift rejecting notions of biological criminals and bad brains remains uncertain. Unfortunately, discussions of biocriminology's assumptions are mired in politics, obscuring important scientific issues. Motivated to clarify misunderstanding, I address the ontoepistemology of biocriminology from a scientific realist perspective. Drawing on familiar notions of crime as a social construction, I explain how and why biocriminology's ontoepistemology is inconsistent with the social reality of crime for scientific not ideological reasons. I explain that recognizing crime is a social construction does not imply that crime is not real or objective and cannot be studied scientifically. On the contrary, the irreducibly social nature of crime requires that scientific realists reject assumptions of 'biological crime' as well as the biologically reductionist epistemology on which biocriminology depends.

当代生物犯罪学自称为互动主义生物+社会术语，主张与过去的生物本质主义决裂。尽管如此，生物犯罪学是否已经经历了决定性的范式转变，拒绝生物罪犯和坏大脑的概念仍然不确定。不幸的是，关于生物犯罪学假设的讨论陷入了政治泥潭，掩盖了重要的科学问题。为了澄清误解，我从科学现实主义的角度来探讨生物犯罪学的本体认识论。利用犯罪作为一种社会建构的熟悉概念，我解释了生物犯罪学的本体认识论如何以及为什么与犯罪的社会现实不一致，这是出于科学而非意识形态的原因。我解释说，承认犯罪是一种社会建构，并不意味着犯罪不真实、不客观、不能科学地研究。相反，犯罪的不可还原的社会性质要求科学现实主义者拒绝“生物犯罪”的假设，以及生物犯罪学所依赖的生物还原论认识论。

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引用次数: 3

Book Review: Beyond ambivalence and certitude 书评：超越矛盾和确信

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221136445

I. Loader

Van Houte (2020), for example, uncovered significant differences among European state policies and in their underlying interests and capacities. A better developed macrolevel perspective would have enabled Aliverti to situate her ethnographic findings within this landscape, and tease out not only the universal aspects of border policing, but also its national uniqueness and particularities. This should not be seen as a detraction from the overall quality of the book, but rather an invitation to further discussion, one which is already under way.

例如，Van Houte（2020）揭示了欧洲国家政策之间及其潜在利益和能力的重大差异。一个更好发展的宏观层面的视角将使Aliverti能够将她的民族志发现置于这一景观中，不仅梳理出边境警务的普遍性，而且梳理出其国家的独特性和特殊性。这不应被视为对本书整体质量的贬低，而是邀请人们进行进一步的讨论，讨论已经在进行中。

引用次数: 0

Gestalt contexture and contested motives: Understanding video evidence in the murder trial of Officer Michael Slager. 格式塔背景和有争议的动机:理解迈克尔·斯拉格警官谋杀案审判中的视频证据。

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/13624806211073696

Patrick G Watson

This article is situated in ongoing discussions about the influx of images of police violence. To date, much scholarship has centred on Foucauldian notions of knowledge-power and sousveillance. Alternatively, I attend to how video evidence produces understanding of police violence in court through a case study of the murder trial of Officer Michael Slager who shot and killed Walter Scott in North Charleston, South Carolina. While audio and video direct evidence of the moments leading up to Slager's decision to shoot was presented, cross-examination focused more explicitly on post-shooting conduct as circumstantial evidence. This approach highlights an issue for video evidence, that what is to be settled at trial may not be directly re-presented in video. Gurwitsch's notion of Gestalt and Garfinkel's adaptation thereof are proposed as an alternative means of interrogating video evidence.

这篇文章的背景是正在进行的关于大量涌入的警察暴力图像的讨论。迄今为止，许多学术研究都集中在福柯关于知识力量和社会监督的概念上。另外，我通过对南卡罗来纳州北查尔斯顿枪杀沃尔特·斯科特的迈克尔·斯莱格警官谋杀案审判的案例研究，关注视频证据如何在法庭上产生对警察暴力的理解。虽然音频和视频提供了导致斯拉格决定开枪的时刻的直接证据，但交叉询问更明确地关注枪击后的行为作为间接证据。这种方法突出了视频证据的一个问题，即在审判中要解决的问题可能不会直接在视频中再现。Gurwitsch的格式塔概念和Garfinkel对其的改编被提出作为审问视频证据的另一种手段。

引用次数: 1

Book Review: Ana Aliverti, Policing the Borders WithinHenrique Carvalho, Introduction to the Review Symposium 书评:安娜·阿利弗蒂，《在恩里克·卡瓦略境内监管边境》，书评研讨会导言

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Theoretical Criminology

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/13624806221132529

Henrique Carvalho

trap, alluring as it clearly is. Vannier’s account is a reminder that the best criminological research can add insight and new understanding that allows us to reframe the debates around penal policy. And here, what she does is to show us that the problem of LWOP is not merely a problem of legislation, or of rising numbers of people serving LWOP sentences (though of course it is those things too), it is about trying to reduce the human suffering inside our prison systems. We should not lose sight of those who are most directly impacted by LWOP. Rather than pick over the rationales behind either LWOP or execution, what we require then is a more fundamental, encompassing and complicated debate: “how should we, as members of different societies, punish those who commit the most serious crimes?’ (p.166). Dr Louise Brangan is a Chancellor’s Fellow in Criminology at the University of Strathclyde, UK. Louise.Brangan@strath.ac.uk

陷阱，显然很诱人。范尼耶的描述提醒我们，最好的犯罪学研究可以增加洞察力和新的理解，使我们能够重新构建围绕刑罚政策的辩论。在这里，她所做的是向我们展示，低性别歧视的问题不仅仅是立法的问题，也不仅仅是服刑低性别歧视的人越来越多的问题(当然这也是这些问题)，而是要努力减少监狱系统内的人类痛苦。我们不应忽视那些最直接受到LWOP影响的人。与其挑选LWOP或死刑背后的理由，我们需要的是一场更根本、更全面、更复杂的辩论:“作为不同社会的成员，我们应该如何惩罚那些犯下最严重罪行的人?””(p.166)。路易斯·布兰根博士是英国斯特拉斯克莱德大学犯罪学校长研究员。Louise.Brangan@strath.ac.uk

引用次数: 0

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