Early Childhood Education Journal最新文献

Promoting high levels of physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour in early childhood is essential for children’s health and wellbeing. However, despite existing recommendations, pre-service early childhood educators do not receive adequate training to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour among young children in childcare settings. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the TEACH e-Learning course in enhancing physical activity and sedentary behaviour-related self-efficacy, knowledge, and behavioural intentions among a sample of pre-service early childhood educators (ECEs) across Canada. For this study, a quasi-experimental design was used, with participants (175 intervention, 117 comparison) recruited from 19 English-speaking Canadian colleges and universities offering pre-service ECE programs. The intervention group completed a 4-module e-Learning course on physical activity and sedentary behaviour, including subtopics on risky play and screen time. Data were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up using validated questionnaires. Changes in outcomes (e.g., self-efficacy, knowledge, behaviour intentions and control) were examined using linear mixed-effects models. Significant improvements were observed in the intervention group’s task self-efficacy (d = 0.54), knowledge of physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines (d = 0.66), and intentions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour (0.38 ≤ d ≤ 0.44) post-intervention compared to the comparison group. However, these gains were not sustained at the 3-month follow-up. Perceived behavioural control showed limited improvement, and the intervention did not significantly impact intentions to avoid screen time. The TEACH e-Learning course improved short-term self-efficacy, knowledge, and behavioural intentions related to physical activity and sedentary behaviour among pre-service ECEs. However, the results of this study have shown that there are factors affecting desired outcomes that can not be adequately resolved through short-term training. Integrating such courses into pre-service training programs could enhance ECEs’ competencies in promoting physical activity, benefiting children’s long-term health. Further research should explore more long-term strategies to promote retention of increases in self-efficacy, knowledge and behavioural intentions related to physical activity and sedentary behaviour among ECEs.

The appeal of jigsaw puzzles lies in their varying levels of difficulty and thematic diversity, which engage children across developmental stages. This study investigated the effects of puzzle difficulty and thematic content on preschoolers’ jigsaw puzzle performance and examined the role of inhibitory control, a key cognitive function. Employing a mixed design, the study assessed 94 children aged 4 to 6 years, categorized into three age groups, across three puzzle themes (vehicles, animals, and characters) and two difficulty levels (high and low). Participants completed six types of puzzles, inhibitory control tasks, and a sustained attention task. A three-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that puzzle performance was significantly influenced by age, puzzle difficulty, and theme. Notably, 4-year-olds showed less sensitivity to puzzle difficulty, while 6-year-olds excelled in character-themed puzzles. Hierarchical regression analyses and a mediation effect test revealed that both age and inhibitory control significantly predicted puzzle performance, with inhibitory control partially mediating the effect of age on puzzle performance. These findings underscore developmental differences in puzzle-solving abilities among preschoolers and highlight the importance of inhibitory control. The results have implications for designing educational materials and interventions that align with preschoolers’ cognitive development.

Natural everyday situations can offer valuable opportunities for children to develop mathematical ideas. However, as children enter school with widely varying levels of achievement in mathematics, not all children seem to benefit equally from embedded math learning opportunities. To help children take advantage of these opportunities, early childhood (EC) teachers seem to play a significant role in fostering children’s mathematical learning. Previous research suggests that both the teacher’s knowledge and their feedback significantly influence the extent to which children learn. However, most studies on feedback rely on experimental research designs and do not examine naturally occurring feedback in situations involving embedded math learning opportunities. Thus, the influence of EC teachers’ mathematical pedagogical content knowledge (MPCK) and their naturally given feedback on children’s mathematical learning remains underexplored. This paper investigates the effects of naturally given feedback and the MPCK of N = 48 EC teachers on the mathematical development of N = 140 children. Results indicate that process-related feedback positively impacts children’s mathematical development, while other kinds of feedback (e.g., person-related) and teachers’ MPCK do not demonstrate significant effects. These findings highlight the importance of integrating process-related feedback into professional development (PD) programs for EC teachers to enhance their ability to provide effective feedback.

At the José Asunción Silva District Educational Institution and with the support of the ONDAS-COLOMBIA program, qualitative ethnographic research was developed from a horizontal perspective; in this research, 75 children from 4 to 7 years old became coinvestigators to address the violence in their environment and contribute to the construction of a school as a territory of peace. The information was collected through “mica” focus groups, interviews, cartography and observation. The children subsequently analyzed the data via the metaphor of a tree that collects ideas on its leaves, categorizing the information obtained themselves, while the teachers performed a content analysis. To build a territory of peace, it is essential to first identify the actions that cause war or conflict and then focus on those that promote peace. Actions that children identified as generating conflict included the following: interactions with older children, yelling, pushing, and fear. On the other hand, key actions for the construction of peace include the support of close people (family, colleagues and teachers), play, being guardians of the Earth, and hugging as a symbol of reconciliation. A territory of peace is a safe setting in which children can be calm, have fun, learn and share with others. Finally, through this process, young children were able to improve skills such as interest, curiosity, the constant formulation of questions, the design and application of instruments to collect information, the analysis of information and the dissemination of results. investigative skills that allow them to understand the environment.

Obesity prevention should begin in early childhood, when children are learning nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Early childhood education (ECE) teachers’ ability to encourage children’s healthy eating and activity is related to their knowledge and self-efficacy. This study evaluated the effects of the Healthy Child Care Georgia intervention on teachers’ nutrition-related knowledge and self-efficacy. After in-depth training, teachers incorporated 30 hands-on activities into their curriculum and made improvements to classroom policies for six weeks. Teacher knowledge and self-efficacy were measured with the Confidence about Nutrition and Activity (CAN-Teach) survey before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after the intervention. Teachers in the immediate-intervention group implemented activities immediately after training. Teachers in the control/delayed-intervention group served as controls for the immediate-intervention group, and completed a second CAN-Teach assessment after the immediate intervention. Teacher knowledge and self-efficacy in the improved between baseline and the end of the intervention for both groups. These improvements persisted at the 4-week follow-up. Teachers in the control/delayed-intervention group did not show improvements in self-efficacy during the control period (between baseline and the end of the immediate intervention), but did show improvements between baseline and the end of implementing the delayed intervention. The HCCG intervention shows evidence of improving teachers’ knowledge and self-efficacy related to early obesity prevention. In-depth teacher training and one-on-one nutrition coaching are effective strategies to increase teacher knowledge and self-efficacy related to nutrition and physical activity.

In this case study, we explore how early childhood education and care (ECEC) teachers can foster children’s participation in conversations about natural science and mathematics and what factors influence it. Data consisted of 29 conversations between ECEC teachers and children. The results showed that eight of the conversations were open dialogues in which the teachers and children participated equally. In 19 of the conversations, the ECEC teachers led the conversation, and the children, to various degrees, were active and engaged participants. Two conversations were led by the children. The results showed that the children participated more actively in conversations about natural science than mathematics, and that multisensory artifacts and physical activities enhanced their participation in the conversations. The study suggests that ECEC settings should provide more opportunities for multisensory experiences and physical activities, and that teachers need more guidance on how to explain concepts and phenomena, within natural science and mathematics, to children of different ages.

Children in the early childhood years experience trauma at high rates. Trauma can impact children’s social-emotional, cognitive, and physical development, as well as their behavior in the classroom. Therefore, early childhood education professionals need to be prepared to support children through the use of trauma-informed care. The Pyramid Model is a framework for early childhood educators that promotes social-emotional competence and strives to prevent and address children’s challenging behavior that is used to train both pre-service and in-service early childhood teachers. Because of this, it is critical to understand the connections between the Pyramid Model and trauma-informed care. The initial aim of this scoping literature review was to synthesize the literature available on the Pyramid Model and trauma-informed care. However, due to limited research on the topics together, we had to expand our search to examine the range of research on the Pyramid Model and identify gaps in the literature and future directions related to trauma-informed care and the Pyramid Model.

Young children’s social-emotional development refers to the development of capacities to form relationships, to express emotions, and to explore the environment. The social-emotional development is one of the critical factors contributing to their school readiness and future success beyond educational settings. However, assessing young children’s social-emotional development often utilizes standardized procedures based on developmental theories, which may lead to inaccurate diagnostic categories that do not reflect children’s cultural backgrounds. Further, these early diagnostic categories or labels could lead to lower expectations resulting in persistent achievement gaps. In this paper we discuss the assessment of young children’s social-emotional development through the lens of social-cultural ecological systems. This approach acknowledges that children's development is shaped by interactions with caregivers, peers, their home and neighborhood, as well as the broader environment and communities. First, we recognize the conceptual and operational misalignments of the current approaches to measuring and understanding social-emotional development. Second, we identify challenges in methodology related to assessing children’s social-emotional development. We then discuss the cultural context that is integral to children’s social-emotional development. To illustrate how the social-cultural ecological framework works in assessing children’s social-emotional development, we use a case study to demonstrate the content, context, interactive relationships of individuals, and implementation with collaborative teamwork.

This content analysis examined the evaluative components of elementary, high-stakes, state standardized writing sample rubrics. We explored the ten most populated states in the United States, and thus most influential states, to yield salient trends in writing evaluation for early grades. Using Spandel’s analytical traits as our conceptual framework and thus, our a priori sieve for this content analysis, this manuscript explored possible commonalities and intersections among the six traits within each state’s writing sample rubric. First, we found that North Carolina no longer requires an elementary writing sample. Further, this content analysis found four of Spandel’s six categories of Ideas, Organization, Sentence Fluency, and Conventions were clearly prominent in each of the other nine most populated state evaluation rubrics. Word Choice and Voice proved to be less obvious, yet embedded within subcomponents or indicators in eight of the nine remaining state rubrics. By bringing these states’ writing rubrics into clarity, related trends across states offer insights for teachers in early grades to streamline and improve elementary writing evaluation and instruction by focusing on these foundational six traits. Findings point to leveraging Spandel’s six analytical categories as a starting point and a foundational anchor, so that teachers can be in compliance with their state’s current and changing high-stakes testing while simultaneously supporting children to become confident, joyful, and capable writers.

Teachers in the early care and education (ECE) workforce have been experiencing elevated levels of depression and job stress, which can lead to lower quality teaching practices, less emotional support to children, and higher staff turnover. Research has shown that racial concordance (or matching) between teachers and their students is associated with positive effects on children’s outcomes and lower stress in teachers of kindergarten through 12th grade. However, no research had examined how racial concordance is related to teacher well-being in ECE settings. To examine the predictors of ECE teacher stress and depression and the role of racial concordance, this study analyzed data collected in 2019 for the National Survey of Early Care and Education (NSECE) using survey-weighted regression models. Higher racial concordance between ECE teachers (n = 3,547) and their students was associated with lower teacher depression levels. Lower staff turnover and Hispanic or Asian teacher identity also predicted lower depression. Lower wages, working less than full time, Hispanic identity, and, for higher-income teachers, greater student racial and ethnic diversity in the classroom were all associated with lower job stress. This study contributes to further understanding ECE teacher well-being and important contextual factors, including racial concordance and classroom diversity.