Samuel Tetteh-Baah, Kenneth Harttgen, Rahul Lahoti, Isabel Günther
We estimate horizontal inequality across the African continent over time based on four identity cleavages—location, ethnicity, gender, and religion—and four well-being indicators—education, asset ownership, child nutrition, and under-five survival. Improvements in social indicators over the last 25 years appear to be equalizing, with a decline in most horizontal inequalities. However, most countries in Africa show higher levels of horizontal inequalities than countries in Asia or Latin America. Spatial inequalities remain particularly high in Africa, but there is also high variation in levels and trends of horizontal inequalities across the African continent. For example, education inequality across identity cleavages seems to be particularly high in West African countries, whereas ethnic inequality across well-being indicators seems to be particularly high in Southern African countries. Various African countries have even witnessed a recent increase in specific horizontal inequalities. Our results support policymakers in identifying the most severe and deteriorating forms of horizontal inequality in their countries.
{"title":"Horizontal Inequalities in Africa","authors":"Samuel Tetteh-Baah, Kenneth Harttgen, Rahul Lahoti, Isabel Günther","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12669","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate horizontal inequality across the African continent over time based on four identity cleavages—location, ethnicity, gender, and religion—and four well-being indicators—education, asset ownership, child nutrition, and under-five survival. Improvements in social indicators over the last 25 years appear to be equalizing, with a decline in most horizontal inequalities. However, most countries in Africa show higher levels of horizontal inequalities than countries in Asia or Latin America. Spatial inequalities remain particularly high in Africa, but there is also high variation in levels and trends of horizontal inequalities across the African continent. For example, education inequality across identity cleavages seems to be particularly high in West African countries, whereas ethnic inequality across well-being indicators seems to be particularly high in Southern African countries. Various African countries have even witnessed a recent increase in specific horizontal inequalities. Our results support policymakers in identifying the most severe and deteriorating forms of horizontal inequality in their countries.","PeriodicalId":47853,"journal":{"name":"Review of Income and Wealth","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139422974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrian Adermon, Lisa Laun, Patrik Lind, Martin Olsson, Jan Sauermann, Anna Sjögren
Many governments introduced temporary adjustments to counter the economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. We study the importance of already-existing government transfers and new pandemic measures to mitigate individual income losses during the onset of the pandemic in Sweden using a difference-in-differences approach and population-wide data on monthly earnings and government transfer payments. We find that labor earnings dropped by 2.7 percent in 2020. Existing transfers and new pandemic measures reduced earnings losses to 1.5 percent. These average effects mask considerable differences in earnings losses, which were, by and large, evened out by existing transfers and new pandemic measures.
{"title":"Earnings Losses and the Role of the Welfare State During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Sweden","authors":"Adrian Adermon, Lisa Laun, Patrik Lind, Martin Olsson, Jan Sauermann, Anna Sjögren","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12670","url":null,"abstract":"Many governments introduced temporary adjustments to counter the economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. We study the importance of already-existing government transfers and new pandemic measures to mitigate individual income losses during the onset of the pandemic in Sweden using a difference-in-differences approach and population-wide data on monthly earnings and government transfer payments. We find that labor earnings dropped by 2.7 percent in 2020. Existing transfers and new pandemic measures reduced earnings losses to 1.5 percent. These average effects mask considerable differences in earnings losses, which were, by and large, evened out by existing transfers and new pandemic measures.","PeriodicalId":47853,"journal":{"name":"Review of Income and Wealth","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138580723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a common feeling that life has become more insecure over time. I here consider this proposition with respect to the labor market. I first discuss how labor-market insecurity might be measured, and then its potential consequences for individuals. To answer the question of “What Happened,” I then review a number of pieces of evidence regarding developments in the labor market, and perhaps surprisingly find no consistent support for the proposition that the labor market has become significantly more insecure.
{"title":"Insecurity on the Labor Market","authors":"Andrew E. Clark","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12664","url":null,"abstract":"There is a common feeling that life has become more insecure over time. I here consider this proposition with respect to the labor market. I first discuss how labor-market insecurity might be measured, and then its potential consequences for individuals. To answer the question of “What Happened,” I then review a number of pieces of evidence regarding developments in the labor market, and perhaps surprisingly find no consistent support for the proposition that the labor market has become significantly more insecure.","PeriodicalId":47853,"journal":{"name":"Review of Income and Wealth","volume":"172 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138546482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using survey data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018, this paper analyzes the relationship between income inequality, group‐specific income redistribution, and subjective well‐being among China's urban, rural, and migrant populations. Income redistribution significantly reduces the within‐group inequality for urban residents while widening the income gap among urban residents, rural residents, and migrants. Using narrowly defined reference groups, our findings indicate that there is no significant correlation of within‐group inequality and subjective well‐being of the respective group members. By contrast, the increased income gap between urban and rural residents is positively correlated with the rural residents' subjective well‐being. More importantly, the group‐specific redistribution inherent in the Hukou system that widens the income gap between urban residents and both migrants and rural residents makes both the aforementioned worse off. The existing Hukou system thus bars the way to implement the concept of “common prosperity” of the Chinese government that aims to foster a more balanced and sustainable development.
{"title":"Group‐specific redistribution, inequality, and subjective well‐being in China","authors":"Peihua Deng, R. Schöb","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12671","url":null,"abstract":"Using survey data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018, this paper analyzes the relationship between income inequality, group‐specific income redistribution, and subjective well‐being among China's urban, rural, and migrant populations. Income redistribution significantly reduces the within‐group inequality for urban residents while widening the income gap among urban residents, rural residents, and migrants. Using narrowly defined reference groups, our findings indicate that there is no significant correlation of within‐group inequality and subjective well‐being of the respective group members. By contrast, the increased income gap between urban and rural residents is positively correlated with the rural residents' subjective well‐being. More importantly, the group‐specific redistribution inherent in the Hukou system that widens the income gap between urban residents and both migrants and rural residents makes both the aforementioned worse off. The existing Hukou system thus bars the way to implement the concept of “common prosperity” of the Chinese government that aims to foster a more balanced and sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":47853,"journal":{"name":"Review of Income and Wealth","volume":"3 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of income and wealth report of the editors 2022–2023","authors":"Conchita D'Ambrosio","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12667","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47853,"journal":{"name":"Review of Income and Wealth","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Schmidtke, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid, Mario Lawes
We estimate the dynamic impact of two waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic on an exceptionally broad range of indicators of worker well‐being. Our analyses are based on high‐frequency panel data from an app‐based survey of German workers and employ an event‐study design with individual‐specific fixed effects. We find that workers' mental health decreased substantially during the first wave of the pandemic. To a smaller extent, this is also true for life satisfaction and momentary happiness. Most well‐being indicators converged to prepandemic levels when infection rates declined. During the second wave of the pandemic, overall worker well‐being decreased less than that during the first wave. Life satisfaction does not seem to have changed at all. We conclude that worker well‐being adapts to the pandemic. Moreover, subgroup analyses indicate that, in terms of well‐being, workers who took part in a job retention scheme fared less well during the pandemic than other employees.
{"title":"DOES WORKER WELL-BEING ADAPT TO A PANDEMIC? AN EVENT STUDY BASED ON HIGH-FREQUENCY PANEL DATA","authors":"Julia Schmidtke, Clemens Hetschko, Ronnie Schöb, Gesine Stephan, Michael Eid, Mario Lawes","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12668","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the dynamic impact of two waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic on an exceptionally broad range of indicators of worker well‐being. Our analyses are based on high‐frequency panel data from an app‐based survey of German workers and employ an event‐study design with individual‐specific fixed effects. We find that workers' mental health decreased substantially during the first wave of the pandemic. To a smaller extent, this is also true for life satisfaction and momentary happiness. Most well‐being indicators converged to prepandemic levels when infection rates declined. During the second wave of the pandemic, overall worker well‐being decreased less than that during the first wave. Life satisfaction does not seem to have changed at all. We conclude that worker well‐being adapts to the pandemic. Moreover, subgroup analyses indicate that, in terms of well‐being, workers who took part in a job retention scheme fared less well during the pandemic than other employees.","PeriodicalId":47853,"journal":{"name":"Review of Income and Wealth","volume":"298 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shatakshee Dhongde, Prasanta K. Pattanaik, Yongsheng Xu
In this paper we provide a framework to measure an individual's multidimensional well-being and discuss two approaches to measuring inequality in multidimensional well-being. The framework is used to study inequality in multidimensional well-being in the United States in the last decade. Using data from the Current Population Survey on three well-being indicators, namely, income, health, and education, we first compute a multidimensional well-being index for every individual in the sample and then study inequality of well-being thus obtained. We find that inequality in well-being increased between 2010 and 2014 and decreased between 2014 and 2019. We test the sensitivity of our results by using alternative measures of inequality and attaching alternative weights to well-being indicators.
{"title":"Inequality in multidimensional well-being in the United States","authors":"Shatakshee Dhongde, Prasanta K. Pattanaik, Yongsheng Xu","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12665","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we provide a framework to measure an individual's multidimensional well-being and discuss two approaches to measuring inequality in multidimensional well-being. The framework is used to study inequality in multidimensional well-being in the United States in the last decade. Using data from the Current Population Survey on three well-being indicators, namely, income, health, and education, we first compute a multidimensional well-being index for every individual in the sample and then study inequality of well-being thus obtained. We find that inequality in well-being increased between 2010 and 2014 and decreased between 2014 and 2019. We test the sensitivity of our results by using alternative measures of inequality and attaching alternative weights to well-being indicators.","PeriodicalId":47853,"journal":{"name":"Review of Income and Wealth","volume":"270 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the 2004–2007 and 2008–2011 panels of the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, we examine earnings and employment disparities between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous adults. While an income gap exists and tends not to significantly change over time, taxes and transfers reduce it by almost 40 percent. Further, the gap is generally largest at the bottom of the income distribution. The explained component of the gap is primarily due to differences in education, particularly for young workers, and although the unexplained portion decreases over time, this is due to increased differences in observed labor market characteristics, implying that labor market discrimination may be on the rise. In addition, the probability of joblessness is higher for Indigenous adults and the male gap has increased. Results are robust to a bounding technique that adjusts for labor force participation differences and tend to be driven by First Nations (as opposed to Métis) adults.
{"title":"A Decomposition of Economic Vulnerability Among Indigenous and Non‐Indigenous Adults in Canada","authors":"Barry Watson, Angela Daley","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12662","url":null,"abstract":"Using the 2004–2007 and 2008–2011 panels of the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, we examine earnings and employment disparities between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous adults. While an income gap exists and tends not to significantly change over time, taxes and transfers reduce it by almost 40 percent. Further, the gap is generally largest at the bottom of the income distribution. The explained component of the gap is primarily due to differences in education, particularly for young workers, and although the unexplained portion decreases over time, this is due to increased differences in observed labor market characteristics, implying that labor market discrimination may be on the rise. In addition, the probability of joblessness is higher for Indigenous adults and the male gap has increased. Results are robust to a bounding technique that adjusts for labor force participation differences and tend to be driven by First Nations (as opposed to Métis) adults.","PeriodicalId":47853,"journal":{"name":"Review of Income and Wealth","volume":"29 48","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper provides new and improved estimates of wealth concentration in India during 2012–2018. Official surveys show a decline in wealth inequality and mean wealth per adult for the first time in three decades. We argue that although these wealth surveys are meant to be nationally representative, they underestimate the upper tail of the Indian wealth distribution—top wealth levels appear orders of magnitudes below externally measured estimates and unrepresentative of increasing stock‐market participation over this period. By combining official surveys and rich lists, we provide new estimates of top wealth shares and total personal wealth in India. We find that personal wealth is underestimated by nearly 54 percent in official data, and this gap increased sharply during the 2010s. Our revised estimates show wealth concentration to have sharply increased during 2012–2018. The share of India's top 1 percent is higher than similar estimates for Asia, and second only to Russia.
{"title":"The Sky and the Stratosphere: Wealth Concentration in India During the Last (Lost) Decade","authors":"Ishan Anand, Rishabh Kumar","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12661","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper provides new and improved estimates of wealth concentration in India during 2012–2018. Official surveys show a decline in wealth inequality and mean wealth per adult for the first time in three decades. We argue that although these wealth surveys are meant to be nationally representative, they underestimate the upper tail of the Indian wealth distribution—top wealth levels appear orders of magnitudes below externally measured estimates and unrepresentative of increasing stock‐market participation over this period. By combining official surveys and rich lists, we provide new estimates of top wealth shares and total personal wealth in India. We find that personal wealth is underestimated by nearly 54 percent in official data, and this gap increased sharply during the 2010s. Our revised estimates show wealth concentration to have sharply increased during 2012–2018. The share of India's top 1 percent is higher than similar estimates for Asia, and second only to Russia.","PeriodicalId":47853,"journal":{"name":"Review of Income and Wealth","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135743762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Homoploutia describes the situation in which the same people are rich in the space of capital and labor income. We combine survey and administrative data to document the evolution of homoploutia in the United States since 1950. In 1950, 10 percent of top decile capital‐income earners were also in the top decile of labor income. Today, this indicator is 30 percent. This makes the traditional division to capitalists and laborers less relevant today. We find that the increase in homoploutia accounts for 20 percent of the increase in interpersonal income inequality since 1986.
{"title":"<i>Homoploutia</i>: Top Labor and Capital Incomes in the United States, 1950–2020","authors":"Yonatan Berman, Branko Milanovic","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12659","url":null,"abstract":"Homoploutia describes the situation in which the same people are rich in the space of capital and labor income. We combine survey and administrative data to document the evolution of homoploutia in the United States since 1950. In 1950, 10 percent of top decile capital‐income earners were also in the top decile of labor income. Today, this indicator is 30 percent. This makes the traditional division to capitalists and laborers less relevant today. We find that the increase in homoploutia accounts for 20 percent of the increase in interpersonal income inequality since 1986.","PeriodicalId":47853,"journal":{"name":"Review of Income and Wealth","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135648454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：