Review of Income and Wealth最新文献

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You can't be what you can't see: The role of gender in the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship 你不能成为你看不见的人:性别在创业代代相传中的作用

IF 2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Review of Income and Wealth

Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12601

Noemi Oggero, Francesco Devicienti, M. Rossi, D. Vannoni

In this paper, we investigate how the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship varies between sons and daughters, and whether such a process depends on living in a country characterized by a high gender gap. Using the SHARE dataset, we find that the effect on daughters’ entrepreneurial choices of having an entrepreneur as father is lower than the one on sons only in countries with a high gender gap. Moreover, it is just in countries with high gender inequality that the effect of having an entrepreneurial mother is different between sons and daughters, with the impact being positive for daughters only. We also develop an individual-level indicator of gender gap within countries that corroborates our findings, which we interpret as evidence of the presence of a role modeling mechanism. However, we find evidence of convergence across time of the intergenerational transmission process to the gender-independent transfer typical of more gender equal countries.

在本文中，我们研究了创业精神在儿子和女儿之间的代际传递是如何变化的，以及这种过程是否取决于生活在一个以高性别差距为特征的国家。利用SHARE数据，我们发现，在性别差距较大的国家，父亲为企业家对女儿创业选择的影响低于父亲为企业家对儿子的影响。此外，正是在性别不平等程度较高的国家，拥有企业家母亲对儿子和女儿的影响是不同的，只有对女儿的影响是积极的。我们还开发了一个国家内部性别差距的个人水平指标，以证实我们的发现，我们将其解释为存在角色建模机制的证据。然而，我们发现了代际传递过程在时间上趋同的证据，这是性别更平等的国家典型的性别独立转移。

引用次数: 0

THE GENDER WEALTH GAP IN EUROPE: APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING TO PREDICT INDIVIDUAL‐LEVEL WEALTH 欧洲的性别贫富差距:应用机器学习预测个人层面的财富

IF 2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Review of Income and Wealth

Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12596

M. Kukk, J. Meriküll, Tairi Rõõm

引用次数: 1

TOP INCOME ADJUSTMENTS AND INEQUALITY: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EU‐SILC † 最高收入调整与不平等:对欧盟的一项调查

IF 2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Review of Income and Wealth

Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12591

Rafael Carranza, Marc Morgan, B. Nolan

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Top Income Adjustments and Inequality: An Investigation of the EU-SILC Rafael Carranza, Marc Morgan, Brian Nolan

它是一个多学科的开放获取档案，用于科学研究文件的存储和传播，无论它们是否出版。这些文件可能来自法国或国外的教学和研究机构，也可能来自公共或私人研究中心。HAL开放多学科档案旨在存放和传播来自法国或外国教育和研究机构、公共或私人实验室的已发表或未发表的研究级科学文件。《最高收入调整与不平等:欧盟- silc调查》拉斐尔·卡兰萨、马克·摩根、布莱恩·诺兰

引用次数: 6

Distant but Close in Sight: Firm‐level Evidence on French–German Productivity Gaps in Manufacturing 遥远但近在眼前:法德制造业生产率差距的确凿证据

IF 2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Review of Income and Wealth

Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12595

T. Grebel, M. Napoletano, L. Nesta

引用次数: 1

Economic insecurity, racial anxiety, and right‐wing populism 经济不安全、种族焦虑和右翼民粹主义

IF 2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Review of Income and Wealth

Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12599

Alessio Rebechi, Nicholas Rohde

This paper studies the roles of economic insecurity and attitudes to racial inequality as predictors of voting patterns in the 2016 US election. Using data from the 2016 Voter Survey, we show that both perceptions of economic insecurity, and concerns over anti-white discrimination, are significant correlates of Republican support. Effect sizes on racial attitudes are much larger than those found on economic insecurity, although the effects of insecurity become larger when accounting for both short-term and long-term economic stress. We also show there is very little heterogeneity in the effects of insecurity across racial groups—both Whites and minorities are more likely to vote Republican when experiencing short term insecurity. Our results suggest that policies that mitigate micro-level economic risk may lessen support for populist political candidates

本文研究了经济不安全感和对种族不平等的态度在2016年美国大选中作为投票模式预测因素的作用。我们利用2016年选民调查的数据表明，对经济不安全感的看法和对反白人歧视的担忧都与共和党的支持率有重要关联。尽管考虑到短期和长期的经济压力，不安全感的影响会变得更大，但种族态度的影响要比经济不安全感的影响大得多。我们还表明，在不同种族群体中，不安全感的影响几乎没有异质性——在经历短期不安全感时，白人和少数族裔都更有可能投票给共和党。我们的研究结果表明，减轻微观经济风险的政策可能会减少对民粹主义政治候选人的支持

引用次数: 3

The probability of multidimensional poverty: A new approach and an empirical application to EU‐SILC data 多维贫困的可能性:一种新的方法和对欧盟- SILC数据的实证应用

IF 2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Review of Income and Wealth

Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12598

P. Liberati, Giuliano Resce, F. Tosi

引用次数: 0

Economic Recovery but Stagnating Mental Health During a Global Pandemic? Evidence from Ghana and South Africa. 全球流行病期间经济复苏但心理健康停滞?来自加纳和南非的证据。

IF 2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Review of Income and Wealth

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12587

Kathrin Durizzo, Edward Asiedu, Antoinette van der Merwe, Isabel Günther

Ghana and South Africa proactively implemented lockdowns very early in the pandemic. We analyze a three-wave panel of households in Accra and Greater Johannesburg to study the mental and economic well-being of the urban poor between the COVID-19 lockdown and the "new normal" one year later. We find that even if economic well-being has mostly recovered, life satisfaction has only improved slightly and feelings of depression are again at lockdown levels one year into the pandemic. While economic factors are strongly correlated with mental health and explain the differences in mental health between South Africa and Ghana, increasing worries about the future and limited knowledge about the pandemic (both countries) as well as deteriorating physical health (South Africa) and trust in government (Ghana) explain why mental health has not recovered. Therefore, we need broad and country-specific policies, beyond financial support, to accelerate the post-pandemic recovery of the urban poor.

加纳和南非在疫情早期就主动实施了封锁。我们分析了阿克拉和大约翰内斯堡的三波家庭面板，以研究城市贫困人口在COVID-19封锁和一年后的“新常态”之间的精神和经济福祉。我们发现，即使经济状况基本恢复，生活满意度也只是略有改善，而且在大流行一年后，抑郁感再次处于封锁水平。虽然经济因素与心理健康密切相关，并解释了南非和加纳之间的心理健康差异，但对未来的担忧日益增加，对大流行的了解有限(两国)，以及身体健康状况的恶化(南非)和对政府的信任(加纳)解释了心理健康尚未恢复的原因。因此，除了财政支持之外，我们还需要广泛和针对具体国家的政策，以加速城市穷人在大流行后的复苏。

引用次数: 0

Risky Asset Holdings During Covid-19 and their Distributional Impact: Evidence from Germany. Covid-19期间风险资产持有及其分配影响:来自德国的证据。

IF 2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Review of Income and Wealth

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12549

Lukas Menkhoff, Carsten Schröder

We present evidence from a repeated survey on risky asset holdings carried out on a representative sample of the German population six times between April and June 2020. Given the size of the Covid-19 shock, we find little evidence of portfolio rebalancing in April 2020. In May, however, individual investors started buying heavily, parallel to market recovery. The cross-section shows large differences as young, educated, high income, and risk tolerant investors are net buyers throughout and, thus, benefit from the stock market recovery. Older individuals, parents of young children, and individuals affected by adverse liquidity shocks from Covid-19 are net sellers. Given the high risk of illness, older people are hit by dual blows to both health and finances.

我们在2020年4月至6月期间对德国人口的代表性样本进行了六次关于风险资产持有的重复调查，并提供了证据。考虑到新冠疫情冲击的规模，我们没有发现2020年4月投资组合再平衡的证据。然而，在5月份，个人投资者开始大举买入，与市场复苏同步。横截面显示出很大的差异，因为年轻、受过教育、高收入和风险承受能力强的投资者自始至终都是净买家，因此，他们从股市复苏中受益。老年人、幼儿的父母和受新冠肺炎不利流动性冲击影响的个人是净卖家。由于患病风险高，老年人在健康和经济上受到双重打击。

引用次数: 4

INEQUALITY BEYOND GDP: A LONG VIEW 超越gdp的不平等:长远观点

IF 2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Review of Income and Wealth

Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12593

Leandro Prados de la Escosura

This paper addresses international inequality in multidimensional well-being during the last one-and-a-half centuries. Inequality fell in health and education since the late 1920s, due to the globalization of mass schooling and the diffusion of the health transition, but only dropped in population-weighted terms from 1970 onward for political and civil liberties, as the emergence of authoritarian regimes increased its dispersion since the end of World War I. In terms of augmented human development inequality declined since 1900. These results are at odds with per capita income inequality that rose over time and only shrank from 1990 onward. The gap between the OECD and the Rest of the world accounted only partially for inequality in well-being since the dispersion within developing regions became its main driver from the mid-20th century onward. Countries in the middle and lower deciles of the world distribution achieved the largest relative gain over the past century.

本文论述了过去一个半世纪中多维幸福的国际不平等。自20世纪20年代末以来，由于大规模学校教育的全球化和健康转型的扩散，健康和教育方面的不平等程度有所下降，但从1970年开始，随着第一次世界大战结束以来专制政权的出现增加了其分散性，政治和公民自由方面的不平等程度仅在人口加权方面有所下降。这些结果与人均收入不平等不符，人均收入不平等随着时间的推移而扩大，从1990年开始才缩小。经合组织与世界其他地区之间的差距只能部分解释福祉不平等，因为自20世纪中期以来，发展中地区内部的分散成为其主要驱动因素。在过去的一个世纪里，世界人口分布中下十分之一的国家取得了最大的相对收益。

引用次数: 0

Disparities in Assessments of Living Standards Using National Accounts and Household Surveys 使用国民核算和住户调查评估生活水平的差异

IF 2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Review of Income and Wealth

Pub Date : 2022-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12577

Espen Beer Prydz, Dean Jolliffe, Umar Serajuddin

Estimates of average per capita consumption and income from national accounts differ substantially from corresponding measures of consumption and income from household surveys. Using a new compilation of more than 2,000 household surveys matched to national accounts data, we find that the gaps between the data sources are larger and more robust than previously established. Means of household consumption estimated from surveys are, on average, 20 percent lower than corresponding means from national accounts. The gap with GDP per capita is nearly 50 percent. The gaps have increased in recent decades and are largest in middle-income countries, where annualized growth rates for consumption surveys are systematically lower than national accounts growth rates. We show that the gaps in measures across these two sources have implications for assessments of economic growth, poverty, and inequality. We find that typical survey measures of consumption and income may exaggerate poverty reduction and underestimate inequality.

国民核算对人均消费和收入的估计与住户调查对消费和收入的相应衡量有很大不同。使用与国民账户数据相匹配的2000多个家庭调查的新汇编，我们发现数据源之间的差距比以前确定的更大、更强。从调查中估计的家庭消费均值平均比国民账户的相应均值低20%。与人均国内生产总值的差距接近50%。近几十年来，这种差距有所扩大，在中等收入国家最大，在这些国家，消费调查的年化增长率系统性地低于国民账户增长率。我们表明，这两种来源的测量差距对经济增长、贫困和不平等的评估有影响。我们发现，典型的消费和收入调查措施可能夸大了减贫，低估了不平等。

引用次数: 0

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