Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2206196
N. Sykes
Most of the papers in this volume are united by their use of large datasets and their application to bioarchaeological, palaeoenvironmental, heritage and preservation practices. Through synthesis, integration and reanalysis the authors provide entirely new perspectives that either confirm or refute received wisdom. For example, Key (2022) brings together lithic data from 81 early and late Acheulean sites across Afro-Eurasia. Using statistical analyses to model spatiotemporal patterns, he is able to support the accepted belief that the Acheulean tradition was cohesive across its 1.6-million-year range. By contrast, Komatsu et al.’s (2002) synthesis of plant and animals remains from prehistoric Japan disproves the traditional discourse concerning the transition from hunter-gatherer-fishers to agriculturalists. Rather than these economies being found in binary opposition, Komatsu et al.’s (2002) analysis demonstrates that, over 10,000 years, Jōmon diets and economies varied more by geography and environment than chronology. Challenges to existing theories are also provided by Ayala et al.’s (2023) study of early farming at Çatalhöyük, Turkey. They combine high-resolution palaeoenvironmental and palaeohydrological reconstructions with extensive archaeobotanical data to provide an alternative to the traditional ‘floodplain cultivation model’, originally proposed by Sherratt (1980). Here, Ayala et al. argue that, far from being low-investment and opportunistic, the agriculturalists of Çatalhöyük adopted strategic planting of diverse crops creating an agroecology that was resilient to climate change. Garrido et al.’s (2023) fascinating reanalysis of severed heads from Argentina and Chile demonstrates how bioarchaeological and biomolecular data can be brought together to inform on sociocultural dynamics and political performance. Their programme of C14 and isotope analysis on skulls recovered from sites in Fiambalá (Argentina) and Copiapó (Chile) provided sufficient new evidence to propose that colonising Inca groups co-opted local ritual practices of skull display as a way of legitimising their power in areas of expansion. Whilst many of the studies in this volume highlight the value of large datasets for better understanding the past, Shriver-Rice et al. (2022) argue that data from environmental archaeology and palaeoecology should be used to underpin debates concerning modern and future species conservation. They point to the fact that the archaeological record contains important evidence about changing patterns of biodiversity and the status (e.g. native or introduced) of plants and animals that is not always known by policy makers. To refine understanding of ancient biodiversity, it is often necessary to apply new biomolecular techniques to archived assemblages. As Johnston et al. (2023) highlight, thanks to the ‘organics revolution’ archives have never been a more important source of biocultural evidence. Yet this is coinciding with a crisis in mus
{"title":"Debates and emerging issues in 2022","authors":"N. Sykes","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2206196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2206196","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the papers in this volume are united by their use of large datasets and their application to bioarchaeological, palaeoenvironmental, heritage and preservation practices. Through synthesis, integration and reanalysis the authors provide entirely new perspectives that either confirm or refute received wisdom. For example, Key (2022) brings together lithic data from 81 early and late Acheulean sites across Afro-Eurasia. Using statistical analyses to model spatiotemporal patterns, he is able to support the accepted belief that the Acheulean tradition was cohesive across its 1.6-million-year range. By contrast, Komatsu et al.’s (2002) synthesis of plant and animals remains from prehistoric Japan disproves the traditional discourse concerning the transition from hunter-gatherer-fishers to agriculturalists. Rather than these economies being found in binary opposition, Komatsu et al.’s (2002) analysis demonstrates that, over 10,000 years, Jōmon diets and economies varied more by geography and environment than chronology. Challenges to existing theories are also provided by Ayala et al.’s (2023) study of early farming at Çatalhöyük, Turkey. They combine high-resolution palaeoenvironmental and palaeohydrological reconstructions with extensive archaeobotanical data to provide an alternative to the traditional ‘floodplain cultivation model’, originally proposed by Sherratt (1980). Here, Ayala et al. argue that, far from being low-investment and opportunistic, the agriculturalists of Çatalhöyük adopted strategic planting of diverse crops creating an agroecology that was resilient to climate change. Garrido et al.’s (2023) fascinating reanalysis of severed heads from Argentina and Chile demonstrates how bioarchaeological and biomolecular data can be brought together to inform on sociocultural dynamics and political performance. Their programme of C14 and isotope analysis on skulls recovered from sites in Fiambalá (Argentina) and Copiapó (Chile) provided sufficient new evidence to propose that colonising Inca groups co-opted local ritual practices of skull display as a way of legitimising their power in areas of expansion. Whilst many of the studies in this volume highlight the value of large datasets for better understanding the past, Shriver-Rice et al. (2022) argue that data from environmental archaeology and palaeoecology should be used to underpin debates concerning modern and future species conservation. They point to the fact that the archaeological record contains important evidence about changing patterns of biodiversity and the status (e.g. native or introduced) of plants and animals that is not always known by policy makers. To refine understanding of ancient biodiversity, it is often necessary to apply new biomolecular techniques to archived assemblages. As Johnston et al. (2023) highlight, thanks to the ‘organics revolution’ archives have never been a more important source of biocultural evidence. Yet this is coinciding with a crisis in mus","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"363 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42772270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2204626
A. Mijares, Y. Kaifu
remote island locations. Once colonised, adapting to new island environments was the next task. Different islands had their own set of available resources fit for human exploitation
{"title":"Islands and hominin adaptation","authors":"A. Mijares, Y. Kaifu","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2204626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2204626","url":null,"abstract":"remote island locations. Once colonised, adapting to new island environments was the next task. Different islands had their own set of available resources fit for human exploitation","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"159 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49619475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2172074
R. Ono, H. O. Sofian, Riczar Fuentes, N. Aziz, Marlon Ririmasse, I. M. Geria, C. Katagiri, A. Pawlik
ABSTRACT Maritime migration and island adaptation by anatomically modern humans (AMH) are among the most significant current issues in Southeast Asian archaeology and directly related to their behavioural and technological advancement. In the center of this research hotspot are the Wallacean islands, situated between the Pleistocene landmasses of Sunda and Sahul. Two major migration routes have been suggested for the initial maritime migration from Sunda via Wallacea into Sahul, a northern route into the region of New Guinea and a southern route leading into northern Australia. Here, we report the outcomes of new archaeological research in Central Sulawesi, the most likely entry location for the northern route. Based on our latest findings and new C14 dates from Goa Topogaro 2, we discuss the evidence and timeline for the migration of early modern humans into the Wallacean islands and their adaptation to insular environments during the Late Pleistocene.
{"title":"Early modern human migration into Sulawesi and Island adaptation in Wallacea","authors":"R. Ono, H. O. Sofian, Riczar Fuentes, N. Aziz, Marlon Ririmasse, I. M. Geria, C. Katagiri, A. Pawlik","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2172074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2172074","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Maritime migration and island adaptation by anatomically modern humans (AMH) are among the most significant current issues in Southeast Asian archaeology and directly related to their behavioural and technological advancement. In the center of this research hotspot are the Wallacean islands, situated between the Pleistocene landmasses of Sunda and Sahul. Two major migration routes have been suggested for the initial maritime migration from Sunda via Wallacea into Sahul, a northern route into the region of New Guinea and a southern route leading into northern Australia. Here, we report the outcomes of new archaeological research in Central Sulawesi, the most likely entry location for the northern route. Based on our latest findings and new C14 dates from Goa Topogaro 2, we discuss the evidence and timeline for the migration of early modern humans into the Wallacean islands and their adaptation to insular environments during the Late Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"125 ","pages":"229 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41271697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2192518
C. Boulanger, S. Hawkins, S. S. Samper Carro, R. Ono, S. O’Connor
ABSTRACT Human adaptations to marine resources were critical in the successful colonization of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and the Pacific since the Late Pleistocene. Fishing the dense biomass of ichthyofauna present in this maritime region required the cognitive capability to conceptualize fish ecology and develop methods and technologies to exploit these challenging underwater environments. This likely gave our species an edge over other hominin species in depauperate island landscapes. This paper reviews the limited number of archaeological sites in ISEA where fish bone assemblages and fishing gears have been recovered, incorporating new archaeological data from the site of Asitau Kuru (Jerimalai), Timor-Leste. Our findings indicate continuity in fishing behavior over several millennia with a near-shore exploitation of local marine habitats including trolling, line fishing and spearing. These data indicate the ecological plasticity of our species and the enduring fishing traditions passed on to generations through learned behavior.
{"title":"Continuity and variability in prehistoric fishing practices by Homo sapiens in Island Southeast Asia: new ichthyofaunal data from Asitau Kuru, Timor-Leste","authors":"C. Boulanger, S. Hawkins, S. S. Samper Carro, R. Ono, S. O’Connor","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2192518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2192518","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Human adaptations to marine resources were critical in the successful colonization of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and the Pacific since the Late Pleistocene. Fishing the dense biomass of ichthyofauna present in this maritime region required the cognitive capability to conceptualize fish ecology and develop methods and technologies to exploit these challenging underwater environments. This likely gave our species an edge over other hominin species in depauperate island landscapes. This paper reviews the limited number of archaeological sites in ISEA where fish bone assemblages and fishing gears have been recovered, incorporating new archaeological data from the site of Asitau Kuru (Jerimalai), Timor-Leste. Our findings indicate continuity in fishing behavior over several millennia with a near-shore exploitation of local marine habitats including trolling, line fishing and spearing. These data indicate the ecological plasticity of our species and the enduring fishing traditions passed on to generations through learned behavior.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"288 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48282744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2121317
Y. Kaifu
ABSTRACT The rise of water transport technology enabled early modern humans to expand their habitable territory to insular environments. However, apart from intensive discussion for Wallacea, developmental process and regional variation of Palaeolithic seafaring remain unclear. To contribute this issue, the author presents a synthetic model for Palaeolithic seafaring in another region of the western Pacific, the Ryukyu Islands (Ryukyus). Here, some islands were more than 100 km away and invisible beyond the horizon, and one of the world’s strongest ocean currents intervened the seaways. Despite these challenging situations, Palaeolithic sites appeared throughout much of the 1,200 km chain of the islands ~35,000–30,000 years ago. By integrating currently available information from archaeology, skeletal morphology, genetics, palaeogeography, oceanography and our own experimental voyage project, the author discusses probable migration routes, possible watercrafts, preparation and strategy needed for successful maritime migrations, and other issues relevant to deeper understanding of the origins and development of human maritime activities.
{"title":"A synthetic model of Palaeolithic seafaring in the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan","authors":"Y. Kaifu","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2121317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2121317","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The rise of water transport technology enabled early modern humans to expand their habitable territory to insular environments. However, apart from intensive discussion for Wallacea, developmental process and regional variation of Palaeolithic seafaring remain unclear. To contribute this issue, the author presents a synthetic model for Palaeolithic seafaring in another region of the western Pacific, the Ryukyu Islands (Ryukyus). Here, some islands were more than 100 km away and invisible beyond the horizon, and one of the world’s strongest ocean currents intervened the seaways. Despite these challenging situations, Palaeolithic sites appeared throughout much of the 1,200 km chain of the islands ~35,000–30,000 years ago. By integrating currently available information from archaeology, skeletal morphology, genetics, palaeogeography, oceanography and our own experimental voyage project, the author discusses probable migration routes, possible watercrafts, preparation and strategy needed for successful maritime migrations, and other issues relevant to deeper understanding of the origins and development of human maritime activities.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"187 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43779947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2121315
H. Hung, H. Matsumura, L. C. Nguyễn, T. Hanihara, Shih-Chiang Huang, M. Carson
ABSTRACT Taiwan is known as the homeland of the Austronesian-speaking groups, yet other populations already had lived here since the Pleistocene. Conventional notions have postulated that the Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers were replaced or absorbed into the Neolithic Austronesian farming communities. Yet, some evidence has indicated that sparse numbers of non-Austronesian individuals continued to live in the remote mountains as late as the 1800s. The cranial morphometric study of human skeletal remains unearthed from the Xiaoma Caves in eastern Taiwan, for the first time, validates the prior existence of small stature hunter-gatherers 6000 years ago in the preceramic phase. This female individual shared remarkable cranial affinities and small stature characteristics with the Indigenous Southeast Asians, particularly the Negritos in northern Luzon. This study solves the several-hundred-years-old mysteries of ‘little black people’ legends in Formosan Austronesian tribes and brings insights into the broader prehistory of Southeast Asia.
{"title":"Negritos in Taiwan and the wider prehistory of Southeast Asia: new discovery from the Xiaoma Caves","authors":"H. Hung, H. Matsumura, L. C. Nguyễn, T. Hanihara, Shih-Chiang Huang, M. Carson","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2121315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2121315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Taiwan is known as the homeland of the Austronesian-speaking groups, yet other populations already had lived here since the Pleistocene. Conventional notions have postulated that the Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers were replaced or absorbed into the Neolithic Austronesian farming communities. Yet, some evidence has indicated that sparse numbers of non-Austronesian individuals continued to live in the remote mountains as late as the 1800s. The cranial morphometric study of human skeletal remains unearthed from the Xiaoma Caves in eastern Taiwan, for the first time, validates the prior existence of small stature hunter-gatherers 6000 years ago in the preceramic phase. This female individual shared remarkable cranial affinities and small stature characteristics with the Indigenous Southeast Asians, particularly the Negritos in northern Luzon. This study solves the several-hundred-years-old mysteries of ‘little black people’ legends in Formosan Austronesian tribes and brings insights into the broader prehistory of Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"207 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43898126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2172072
S. O’Connor, S. Kealy, C. Reepmeyer, S. S. Samper Carro, C. Shipton
ABSTRACT The crossing of the Wallacean islands and settlement of Sahul by modern humans over 50,000 years ago, represents the earliest successful seafaring of our species anywhere in the world. Archaeological research throughout this vast island archipelago has recovered evidence for varied patterns in island occupation, with accumulating evidence suggesting a significant change in cultural activities and interaction amongst island communities following the LGM. New forms of technology such as shell fish hooks and adzes appear alongside standardised forms of shell beads, indicating that these technological innovations were accompanied by shared styles of personal ornamentation. Simultaniously, obsidian from a single, off-island source is found in the archaeological assemblages on at least four islands. We explore these implied spheres of interaction across Wallacea, with a focus on the terminal-Pleistocene/early-Holocene cultural materials and customs linking the southeastern Wallacean islands of Alor, Timor, and Kisar, and other parts of greater Wallacea and Near Oceania.
{"title":"Terminal Pleistocene emergence of maritime interaction networks across Wallacea","authors":"S. O’Connor, S. Kealy, C. Reepmeyer, S. S. Samper Carro, C. Shipton","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2172072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2172072","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The crossing of the Wallacean islands and settlement of Sahul by modern humans over 50,000 years ago, represents the earliest successful seafaring of our species anywhere in the world. Archaeological research throughout this vast island archipelago has recovered evidence for varied patterns in island occupation, with accumulating evidence suggesting a significant change in cultural activities and interaction amongst island communities following the LGM. New forms of technology such as shell fish hooks and adzes appear alongside standardised forms of shell beads, indicating that these technological innovations were accompanied by shared styles of personal ornamentation. Simultaniously, obsidian from a single, off-island source is found in the archaeological assemblages on at least four islands. We explore these implied spheres of interaction across Wallacea, with a focus on the terminal-Pleistocene/early-Holocene cultural materials and customs linking the southeastern Wallacean islands of Alor, Timor, and Kisar, and other parts of greater Wallacea and Near Oceania.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"244 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43101342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2121316
Dylan Gaffney
ABSTRACT This paper is a cross-comparative examination of how tropical forested islands were populated by humans. It first describes the unique ecological conditions of these environments, how they fluctuated during glacial cycles, and the challenges and affordances they provided people. The paper then explores the global archaeological record, classifying modes of colonisation that led insular tropical forests to be populated. These modes include terrestrial colonisation followed by insularisation (Mode A), maritime colonisation followed by major landmass reconfiguration (Mode B), maritime colonisation of uninhabited islands that always remained insular (Mode C), and maritime colonisation of already inhabited islands (Mode D). Finally, the paper discusses how, amongst Homo sapiens, ongoing dynamism between human adaptive behaviours and environmental flux stimulated processes of diversification, specialisation, and connectivity in these crucial ecologies; by contrast, archaic hominins like Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, and Homo luzonensis may have found changes associated with forest expansion and insularity extremely challenging.
{"title":"Peopling island rainforests: global trends from the Early Pleistocene to the Late Holocene","authors":"Dylan Gaffney","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2121316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2121316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is a cross-comparative examination of how tropical forested islands were populated by humans. It first describes the unique ecological conditions of these environments, how they fluctuated during glacial cycles, and the challenges and affordances they provided people. The paper then explores the global archaeological record, classifying modes of colonisation that led insular tropical forests to be populated. These modes include terrestrial colonisation followed by insularisation (Mode A), maritime colonisation followed by major landmass reconfiguration (Mode B), maritime colonisation of uninhabited islands that always remained insular (Mode C), and maritime colonisation of already inhabited islands (Mode D). Finally, the paper discusses how, amongst Homo sapiens, ongoing dynamism between human adaptive behaviours and environmental flux stimulated processes of diversification, specialisation, and connectivity in these crucial ecologies; by contrast, archaic hominins like Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, and Homo luzonensis may have found changes associated with forest expansion and insularity extremely challenging.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"338 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42078873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2172073
S. S. Samper Carro
ABSTRACT This paper reviews the available vertebrate record from the Lesser Sunda Islands to explore the effect the Last Glacial Maximum had on human subsistence strategies. By focusing on vertebrate assemblages from Laili and Matja Kuru 2 in Timor Leste, Tron Bon Lei in Alor Island, and Here Sorot Entapa in Kisar, this paper investigates biodiversity and resource availability in these nearby islands through the application of standardising indices and statistical testing. Results indicate that vertebrate biodiversity remained fairly stable through and after the Last Glacial Maximum, suggesting that in terms of available mammals, birds and reptiles, this period did not led to severe resource depletion. Hence, potential variations in human subsistence practices or occupation dynamics might not be due to changes in vertebrate diversity. As such, this analysis contributes to investigating anatomically modern humans’ subsistence adaptation in the Lesser Sunda Islands pre- and post-Last Glacial Maximum.
摘要本文综述了小巽他群岛的脊椎动物记录，以探讨末次冰川盛期对人类生存策略的影响。本文通过关注东帝汶的Laili和Matja Kuru 2、Alor岛的Tron Bon Lei和Kisar的Here Sorot Entapa的脊椎动物组合，通过应用标准化指数和统计测试，调查了这些附近岛屿的生物多样性和资源可用性。结果表明，脊椎动物的生物多样性在上一次冰川盛期前后保持相当稳定，这表明就可用的哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物而言，这一时期没有导致严重的资源枯竭。因此，人类生存实践或职业动态的潜在变化可能不是由于脊椎动物多样性的变化。因此，这一分析有助于从解剖学上研究现代人类在小巽他群岛末次冰川盛期前后的生存适应。
{"title":"Hominin adaptations in the Lesser Sunda Islands: exploring the vertebrate record to investigate fauna diversity before, during and after the Last Glacial Maximum","authors":"S. S. Samper Carro","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2172073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2172073","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper reviews the available vertebrate record from the Lesser Sunda Islands to explore the effect the Last Glacial Maximum had on human subsistence strategies. By focusing on vertebrate assemblages from Laili and Matja Kuru 2 in Timor Leste, Tron Bon Lei in Alor Island, and Here Sorot Entapa in Kisar, this paper investigates biodiversity and resource availability in these nearby islands through the application of standardising indices and statistical testing. Results indicate that vertebrate biodiversity remained fairly stable through and after the Last Glacial Maximum, suggesting that in terms of available mammals, birds and reptiles, this period did not led to severe resource depletion. Hence, potential variations in human subsistence practices or occupation dynamics might not be due to changes in vertebrate diversity. As such, this analysis contributes to investigating anatomically modern humans’ subsistence adaptation in the Lesser Sunda Islands pre- and post-Last Glacial Maximum.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"264 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41674340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2172070
Georgia Kerby, A. Ford, G. Summerhayes, M. Leavesley, J. Palin
ABSTRACT The occupation of Buang Merabak, a cave located on the island of New Ireland, by 42,000 years ago demonstrates that the colonisation of the Bismarck Archipelago occurred soon after that of Sahul. This provides the opportunity to consider the adaptation of small groups of people to a depauperate island environment. An analysis of a lithic assemblage from Buang Merabak was used to consider how technological organisation reflects changing patterns of site use and subsistence strategies from the late Pleistocene through to the early Holocene. A strategy of small simple flake technology was identified, which would have allowed site occupants flexibility in the face of fluctuating patterns of faunal resource use. During the late Pleistocene, a broad range of local lithic materials were used expediently. Gradual change occurred in the early Holocene to a smaller variety of materials with dominant use of local chert flakes and conservation of specific volcanic materials.
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