Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2172071
K. Morisaki, Kojiro Shiba, Donghyuk Choi
ABSTRACT Offshore landmasses in the Western Pacific were colonized during the Late Pleistocene through deliberate seafaring by modern humans. However, our knowledge of the developmental process of the Palaeolithic seafaring is still limited due to lack of reliable chronology for such seafaring. To contribute to this issue, we synthesize lines of evidence on repeated sea-crossings over the Korea/Tsushima Strait, a major passage to the Japanese archipelago. Shortly after the earliest evidence of flake assemblages around 39,000–37,000 cal BP, a sudden appearance of blade reduction is observed, suggesting multiple sea-crossings over this strait in the early Upper Palaeolithic. Subsequently, a unique type of stemmed points spread across the strait, signaling another sea-crossing during 29,300–27,500 cal BP. Furthermore, the obsidian provenance analysis suggests bidirectional sea-crossings during the Last Glacial Maximum. These sea-crossings seem to have occurred regardless of narrowness of the strait with changing sea level, whereas it is possible that bidirectional crossing was triggered by this factor.
摘要西太平洋的近海陆地在更新世晚期被现代人蓄意航海殖民化。然而，由于缺乏可靠的航海年表，我们对旧石器时代航海发展过程的了解仍然有限。为了解决这一问题，我们综合了多次穿越朝鲜/对马海峡的证据，对马海峡是通往日本群岛的主要通道。在39000–37000 cal BP左右的薄片组合的最早证据出现后不久，观察到叶片突然减少，这表明在旧石器时代早期，该海峡曾多次渡海。随后，一种独特类型的茎点遍布海峡，标志着在29300–27500 cal BP期间又一次渡海。此外，黑曜石的物源分析表明，在最后一次冰川盛期，双向渡海。这些海上穿越似乎是在海峡狭窄和海平面变化的情况下发生的，而双向穿越可能是由这一因素引发的。
{"title":"Examining frequency and directionality of Palaeolithic sea-crossing over the Korea/Tsushima Strait: a synthesis","authors":"K. Morisaki, Kojiro Shiba, Donghyuk Choi","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2172071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2172071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Offshore landmasses in the Western Pacific were colonized during the Late Pleistocene through deliberate seafaring by modern humans. However, our knowledge of the developmental process of the Palaeolithic seafaring is still limited due to lack of reliable chronology for such seafaring. To contribute to this issue, we synthesize lines of evidence on repeated sea-crossings over the Korea/Tsushima Strait, a major passage to the Japanese archipelago. Shortly after the earliest evidence of flake assemblages around 39,000–37,000 cal BP, a sudden appearance of blade reduction is observed, suggesting multiple sea-crossings over this strait in the early Upper Palaeolithic. Subsequently, a unique type of stemmed points spread across the strait, signaling another sea-crossing during 29,300–27,500 cal BP. Furthermore, the obsidian provenance analysis suggests bidirectional sea-crossings during the Last Glacial Maximum. These sea-crossings seem to have occurred regardless of narrowness of the strait with changing sea level, whereas it is possible that bidirectional crossing was triggered by this factor.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"162 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43310985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077828
Ashley K. Lemke, John M. O’Shea
ABSTRACT The archaeology of inundated cultural landscape sites is not new and is an important component of the global record, yet these sites are distinct from shipwrecks and other site types underwater. Just as on land, underwater sites are subject to a dynamic range of formation processes, which must be analytically controlled. However, there are lingering misconceptions about underwater sites, specifically how they are formed, how much has been preserved, and their contribution to the broader field of archaeology. This paper discusses issues of preservation, context, and formation processes using misunderstandings of the Pompeii premise in underwater research as a conceptual guide. Ultimately acknowledging that, just as on land, archaeological sites underwater are diverse and unique, with site-specific pre- and post-depositional transformations. Different sites supplement each other, and the unique preservation underwater makes them a particularly valuable complement to the terrestrial record and a vital part of world archaeology.
{"title":"Drowning the Pompeii premise: frozen moments, single events, and the character of submerged archaeological sites","authors":"Ashley K. Lemke, John M. O’Shea","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2077828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2077828","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The archaeology of inundated cultural landscape sites is not new and is an important component of the global record, yet these sites are distinct from shipwrecks and other site types underwater. Just as on land, underwater sites are subject to a dynamic range of formation processes, which must be analytically controlled. However, there are lingering misconceptions about underwater sites, specifically how they are formed, how much has been preserved, and their contribution to the broader field of archaeology. This paper discusses issues of preservation, context, and formation processes using misunderstandings of the Pompeii premise in underwater research as a conceptual guide. Ultimately acknowledging that, just as on land, archaeological sites underwater are diverse and unique, with site-specific pre- and post-depositional transformations. Different sites supplement each other, and the unique preservation underwater makes them a particularly valuable complement to the terrestrial record and a vital part of world archaeology.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"142 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43238532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077824
C. Rankin
ABSTRACT Plazas are ubiquitous elements of community layout, defined as open space surrounded by or adjacent to structures. Functionally, plazas serve as public space for gatherings and ceremonial activities. At Cahokia Mounds, the largest pre-contact site in North America, the North Plaza puzzled archaeologists because of its unique location in a wetland. The construction of a mound and plaza group in an area inundated with water is unprecedented in the Eastern-Woodlands archaeological record and contradicts traditional conceptions of plaza space. Previous scholars dealt with this conundrum by hypothesizing that the North Plaza was drier during its construction and occupation than in modern times. However, evidence from sedimentological analysis and stable carbon isotopes of buried soils suggests the North Plaza was an inundated feature on the landscape throughout Cahokia’s occupation. The North Plaza is an anomaly in the Eastern-Woodlands that now requires archaeologists to re-envision what plazas are and how they are used.
{"title":"The exceptional environmental setting of the North Plaza, Cahokia Mounds, Illinois, USA","authors":"C. Rankin","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2077824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2077824","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plazas are ubiquitous elements of community layout, defined as open space surrounded by or adjacent to structures. Functionally, plazas serve as public space for gatherings and ceremonial activities. At Cahokia Mounds, the largest pre-contact site in North America, the North Plaza puzzled archaeologists because of its unique location in a wetland. The construction of a mound and plaza group in an area inundated with water is unprecedented in the Eastern-Woodlands archaeological record and contradicts traditional conceptions of plaza space. Previous scholars dealt with this conundrum by hypothesizing that the North Plaza was drier during its construction and occupation than in modern times. However, evidence from sedimentological analysis and stable carbon isotopes of buried soils suggests the North Plaza was an inundated feature on the landscape throughout Cahokia’s occupation. The North Plaza is an anomaly in the Eastern-Woodlands that now requires archaeologists to re-envision what plazas are and how they are used.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"84 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46527750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077823
A. Zangrando, J. F. Ponce, Alejandro Montes, María del Carmen Fernández Ropero, Angélica M. Tivoli
ABSTRACT We analyze the finding of a lithic projectile point at more than 100 meters depth in the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) in relation to submerged landscapes. On the one hand, this underwater evidence is examined as part of an inundated archaeological landscape supporting the hypothesized Pleistocene coastal dispersion in southern South America. On the other hand, the lithic projectile point is evaluated as a submerged isolated artefact as the result of human movements through aquatic environments due to foraging and transport practices in the sea during the Holocene. Technological properties and post-depositional modifications of the projectile point are described, and the artefact location is assessed in light of paleogeographic models. The presented evidence does not support an early human occupation in the region, but the particular archaeological detection offers insights to the alternative explanation, and to the potential of underwater explorations in the region.
{"title":"Submerged landscape evolution of the Beagle Channel: context of the first record of underwater archaeological evidence","authors":"A. Zangrando, J. F. Ponce, Alejandro Montes, María del Carmen Fernández Ropero, Angélica M. Tivoli","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2077823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2077823","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We analyze the finding of a lithic projectile point at more than 100 meters depth in the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) in relation to submerged landscapes. On the one hand, this underwater evidence is examined as part of an inundated archaeological landscape supporting the hypothesized Pleistocene coastal dispersion in southern South America. On the other hand, the lithic projectile point is evaluated as a submerged isolated artefact as the result of human movements through aquatic environments due to foraging and transport practices in the sea during the Holocene. Technological properties and post-depositional modifications of the projectile point are described, and the artefact location is assessed in light of paleogeographic models. The presented evidence does not support an early human occupation in the region, but the particular archaeological detection offers insights to the alternative explanation, and to the potential of underwater explorations in the region.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"52 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44780010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077822
I. Ward, A. Bastos, D. Carabias, H. Cawthra, H. Farr, A. Green, Fraser Sturt
ABSTRACT The potential of submerged palaeolandscapes to address questions about global migrations, broad-scale climate and landscape change and human response to this has, to date, been concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere has less land, more water and water barriers, higher floral and faunal endemicity and lower population but with indigenous populations that have maintained a connection with coastal and offshore landscapes for at least 40,000 years in Australasia and almost 170,000 years in South Africa. We provide an overview of current knowledge in South America, Southern Africa and Australasia and explore how new palaeogeographic and palaeoecological research, alongside related coastal archaeology, is helping to map out future directions for submerged cultural landscape research in these regions. A common theme across is the need to raise awareness of submerged cultural resources and indigenous knowledge of these as well as the multi-disciplinary approach needed to understand the unique landscapes in which they are preserved.
{"title":"Submerged Palaeolandscapes of the Southern Hemisphere (SPLOSH) – What is emerging from the Southern Hemisphere","authors":"I. Ward, A. Bastos, D. Carabias, H. Cawthra, H. Farr, A. Green, Fraser Sturt","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2077822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2077822","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The potential of submerged palaeolandscapes to address questions about global migrations, broad-scale climate and landscape change and human response to this has, to date, been concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere has less land, more water and water barriers, higher floral and faunal endemicity and lower population but with indigenous populations that have maintained a connection with coastal and offshore landscapes for at least 40,000 years in Australasia and almost 170,000 years in South Africa. We provide an overview of current knowledge in South America, Southern Africa and Australasia and explore how new palaeogeographic and palaeoecological research, alongside related coastal archaeology, is helping to map out future directions for submerged cultural landscape research in these regions. A common theme across is the need to raise awareness of submerged cultural resources and indigenous knowledge of these as well as the multi-disciplinary approach needed to understand the unique landscapes in which they are preserved.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"6 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44186218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2179538
Felicia Fricke, Rachel Hoerman
Ongoing discussions about the problems of white supremacy and colonialism in archaeology are useful but have not, thus far, fully considered the exacerbated effects of these issues on small islands. In this opinion piece, we, two white women academics from the Global North with extensive experience working in the Dutch Caribbean and the Hawaiian Islands, observe these exacerbated effects in governance, academic hegemony, and community relations, and call for more consideration of the effects of our discipline in small island contexts. Ultimately, in line with the observations of local, descendant, and Indigenous scholars, we argue that archaeologists must invest in de-colonial, antiracist, and social justice efforts in heritage fields and industries by foregrounding the wishes and needs of island communities. This may involve modifying or altogether abandoning current motivations and practices to build a discipline that can be a positive rather than a negative in island worlds.
{"title":"Archaeology and social justice in island worlds.","authors":"Felicia Fricke, Rachel Hoerman","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2179538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2179538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ongoing discussions about the problems of white supremacy and colonialism in archaeology are useful but have not, thus far, fully considered the exacerbated effects of these issues on small islands. In this opinion piece, we, two white women academics from the Global North with extensive experience working in the Dutch Caribbean and the Hawaiian Islands, observe these exacerbated effects in governance, academic hegemony, and community relations, and call for more consideration of the effects of our discipline in small island contexts. Ultimately, in line with the observations of local, descendant, and Indigenous scholars, we argue that archaeologists must invest in de-colonial, antiracist, and social justice efforts in heritage fields and industries by foregrounding the wishes and needs of island communities. This may involve modifying or altogether abandoning current motivations and practices to build a discipline that can be a positive rather than a negative in island worlds.</p>","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 3","pages":"484-489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/ce/RWAR_54_2179538.PMC10227953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077827
C. Delaere, S. Guédron
ABSTRACT Andean societies have undergone abrupt climate changes that have affected their water resources and habitable or cultivable land. This is the case for Lake Titicaca, which has experienced fluctuations up to 20 metres during the last three millennia. Although paleoenvironmental reconstructions have provided valuable data on these lake level variations, their resolution is often not sufficient to assess their impact at the human time scale of land-use patterns. In this study, we provide a description of recent methodological developments in underwater archaeology that allows great advances in such reconstruction. Our results highlight that the level of the lake rose globally with multiple events of transgression and regression over the last two millennia. We also show that certain abrupt lake variation coincide with major transformations of the societies such as the emergence of the Tiwanaku state in the 6th century during a major transgression.
{"title":"The altitude of the depths: use of inland water archaeology for the reconstruction of inundated cultural landscapes in Lake Titicaca","authors":"C. Delaere, S. Guédron","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2077827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2077827","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Andean societies have undergone abrupt climate changes that have affected their water resources and habitable or cultivable land. This is the case for Lake Titicaca, which has experienced fluctuations up to 20 metres during the last three millennia. Although paleoenvironmental reconstructions have provided valuable data on these lake level variations, their resolution is often not sufficient to assess their impact at the human time scale of land-use patterns. In this study, we provide a description of recent methodological developments in underwater archaeology that allows great advances in such reconstruction. Our results highlight that the level of the lake rose globally with multiple events of transgression and regression over the last two millennia. We also show that certain abrupt lake variation coincide with major transformations of the societies such as the emergence of the Tiwanaku state in the 6th century during a major transgression.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"67 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46223243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077826
Jessi J. Halligan
ABSTRACT Archaeological data have demonstrated that modern Florida was occupied by at least 14,550 years ago, but evidence of Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene peoples (ca. 14,600–8,000 cal B.P.) is limited to far inland and upland settings, as more than half of Florida’s peninsula was drowned between ca. 21,000–6,000 cal B.P. Rising aquifer levels of the Late Pleistocene allowed some interior sites to preserve within forming river channels, especially some springfed sinkholes that became the Aucilla River of northwest Florida. Terrestrial sites are poorly preserved in comparison, containing stone tools in mixed and/or undateable stratigraphy. Geospatial analysis of the 92 early sites in the Aucilla basin demonstrates that the underwater sites are crucial to provide a more robust understanding of early people, as the earliest sites are found only underwater, and the preponderance of the multicomponent sites also are inundated.
摘要考古数据表明，现代佛罗里达至少在14550年前被占领，但更新世晚期和全新世早期人类（约14600–8000 cal B.P.）的证据仅限于遥远的内陆和高地环境，由于佛罗里达半岛一半以上的地区在约21000–6000 cal B.P.之间被淹没。更新世晚期含水层水位的上升使一些内部遗址得以保留在形成的河道内，尤其是一些泉水形成的天坑，这些天坑后来成为佛罗里达州西北部的Aucilla河。相比之下，陆地遗址保存较差，包含混合和/或未注明日期的地层中的石器。对Aucilla盆地92个早期遗址的地理空间分析表明，水下遗址对于更深入地了解早期人类至关重要，因为最早的遗址仅在水下发现，而且大多数多组分遗址也被淹没。
{"title":"Submerged inland landscapes of the Aucilla basin, Northwest Florida, USA: populating the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene landscape","authors":"Jessi J. Halligan","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2077826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2077826","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Archaeological data have demonstrated that modern Florida was occupied by at least 14,550 years ago, but evidence of Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene peoples (ca. 14,600–8,000 cal B.P.) is limited to far inland and upland settings, as more than half of Florida’s peninsula was drowned between ca. 21,000–6,000 cal B.P. Rising aquifer levels of the Late Pleistocene allowed some interior sites to preserve within forming river channels, especially some springfed sinkholes that became the Aucilla River of northwest Florida. Terrestrial sites are poorly preserved in comparison, containing stone tools in mixed and/or undateable stratigraphy. Geospatial analysis of the 92 early sites in the Aucilla basin demonstrates that the underwater sites are crucial to provide a more robust understanding of early people, as the earliest sites are found only underwater, and the preponderance of the multicomponent sites also are inundated.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"122 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45868624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2114680
J. Conolly, I. Ward
Archaeologists have known for more than a century that fluctuating sea levels have repeatedly exposed and flooded coastal landscapes (e.g. Lubbock 1913: Figure 255). However, it is only within the last few decades that we have more fully explored the potential that inundated landscapes possess for broadening our understanding of cultural land use, settlement and early coastal adaptations. Examples are abundant, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere (Sturt et al. 2018), with pioneering work in the North Sea’s ‘Doggerland’ (Gaffney, Fitch, and Smith 2009; see also Gaffney and Fitch 2022 for an up-to-date summary), the Baltic (Bailey and Jöns 2020), the Gulf of Mexico (Faught and Gusick 2011) and across the Red Sea Basin (Bailey et al. 2007). However, inundated cultural landscapes are present not just along coastlines but include marine and freshwater wetlands, lakes, river deltas, and other waterways (e.g. Coleman 2008; Fedje and Josenhans 2000; Halligan 2021; Puckett 2021). While the scope of research has broadened beyond its original focus on coastal systems, the study of inundated cultural landscapes remains principally concerned with the identification, characterization and interpretation of formerly inhabited terrestrial settings that, due to natural or anthropogenically-driven shoreline transgression, are now underwater. With these broad goals in mind, this volume builds on an existing body of knowledge to present new and varied studies on inundated cultural landscapes (ICL), highlighting what they can reveal about changing approaches and perspectives on this theme.
{"title":"Inundated cultural landscapes: an introduction","authors":"J. Conolly, I. Ward","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2114680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2114680","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeologists have known for more than a century that fluctuating sea levels have repeatedly exposed and flooded coastal landscapes (e.g. Lubbock 1913: Figure 255). However, it is only within the last few decades that we have more fully explored the potential that inundated landscapes possess for broadening our understanding of cultural land use, settlement and early coastal adaptations. Examples are abundant, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere (Sturt et al. 2018), with pioneering work in the North Sea’s ‘Doggerland’ (Gaffney, Fitch, and Smith 2009; see also Gaffney and Fitch 2022 for an up-to-date summary), the Baltic (Bailey and Jöns 2020), the Gulf of Mexico (Faught and Gusick 2011) and across the Red Sea Basin (Bailey et al. 2007). However, inundated cultural landscapes are present not just along coastlines but include marine and freshwater wetlands, lakes, river deltas, and other waterways (e.g. Coleman 2008; Fedje and Josenhans 2000; Halligan 2021; Puckett 2021). While the scope of research has broadened beyond its original focus on coastal systems, the study of inundated cultural landscapes remains principally concerned with the identification, characterization and interpretation of formerly inhabited terrestrial settings that, due to natural or anthropogenically-driven shoreline transgression, are now underwater. With these broad goals in mind, this volume builds on an existing body of knowledge to present new and varied studies on inundated cultural landscapes (ICL), highlighting what they can reveal about changing approaches and perspectives on this theme.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41628947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077825
T. Braje, J. Maloney, Amy E. Gusick, J. Erlandson, S. Klotsko
ABSTRACT California’s Northern Channel Islands contain an incredible record of terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene human occupation. Since the hunter-gatherer-fishers who created these sites relied heavily on marine resources, a critical aspect of understanding early settlement patterns is calculating distance to paleoshorelines. This has traditionally been accomplished using sea-level curves and bathymetric models that do not account for sediment deposited offshore after inundation by rising seas. Here, we use high-resolution Chirp subbottom data to re-evaluate distance to paleoshorelines at two terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene site clusters on the Northern Channel Islands and identify significant differences between the methods. Our results suggest that Chirp subbottom surveys offer more accurate reconstructions of ancient shorelines than bathymetric modelling and can produce more accurate reconstructions of ancient settlement patterns of terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene peoples along coastal and island environments around the world.
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