Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01572.x
M. Schwartz
This paper responds to a 2004 paper by Paul Gibbs in which he remonstrates that marketing currently has no concern with the notion of well-being; and furthermore that marketing lacks ‘an adequate moral grounding’. Gibbs advances the moral expectation that marketers consider not merely satisfying their actual customers, but also consider the well-being of the larger society. However, this paper contemplates whether such an expectation is not due to some confusion by Gibbs between satisfaction and exchange in marketing, and questions whether marketing could pursue such aims.
{"title":"Gibbs and the Problems of Satisfaction and Well-Being","authors":"M. Schwartz","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01572.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01572.x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper responds to a 2004 paper by Paul Gibbs in which he remonstrates that marketing currently has no concern with the notion of well-being; and furthermore that marketing lacks ‘an adequate moral grounding’. Gibbs advances the moral expectation that marketers consider not merely satisfying their actual customers, but also consider the well-being of the larger society. However, this paper contemplates whether such an expectation is not due to some confusion by Gibbs between satisfaction and exchange in marketing, and questions whether marketing could pursue such aims.","PeriodicalId":47954,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics-A European Review","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73733219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01567.x
L. J. T. Pedersen
This paper explores moral sensitivity in a learning perspective, and a framework is developed for the understanding of how moral sensitivity can be developed through reiterative problem solving in the face of diverse ethical problems. Factors that may inhibit the individual's ability to conceive of moral issues are discussed, and perspectives from moral psychology are integrated with theory on problem formulation. It is argued that (1) the individual's moral sensitivity is pivotal for ethical problem solving, because problem formulation is paramount for further reflection and behaviour; (2) ethical behaviour must be understood both (a) in terms of the individual's psychological make-up that determines psychological response to moral features and (b) in terms of external constraints on the individual's moral sensitivity; and (3) the development of moral sensitivity can be promoted by actively and consciously pursuing disciplined imagination in multi-perspective formulations of problems.
{"title":"See No Evil: Moral Sensitivity in the Formulation of Business Problems","authors":"L. J. T. Pedersen","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01567.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01567.x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores moral sensitivity in a learning perspective, and a framework is developed for the understanding of how moral sensitivity can be developed through reiterative problem solving in the face of diverse ethical problems. Factors that may inhibit the individual's ability to conceive of moral issues are discussed, and perspectives from moral psychology are integrated with theory on problem formulation. It is argued that (1) the individual's moral sensitivity is pivotal for ethical problem solving, because problem formulation is paramount for further reflection and behaviour; (2) ethical behaviour must be understood both (a) in terms of the individual's psychological make-up that determines psychological response to moral features and (b) in terms of external constraints on the individual's moral sensitivity; and (3) the development of moral sensitivity can be promoted by actively and consciously pursuing disciplined imagination in multi-perspective formulations of problems.","PeriodicalId":47954,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics-A European Review","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73674711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01569.x
Anamitra Shome, Hema Rao
The current study surveys practising Canadian public accountants in Canada in both Big 4 and non-Big 4 firms to determine their orientation with respect to Machiavellianism, defined as ‘attending to one's interests much more than to others'. Results indicate that while there are no significant differences in Machiavellianism between public accountants in the upper-level positions (managers and partners), partners are significantly less Machiavellian than seniors. These results are consistent with previous studies on Canadian public accountants.
{"title":"Machiavellianism in Public Accountants: Some Additional Canadian Evidence","authors":"Anamitra Shome, Hema Rao","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01569.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01569.x","url":null,"abstract":"The current study surveys practising Canadian public accountants in Canada in both Big 4 and non-Big 4 firms to determine their orientation with respect to Machiavellianism, defined as ‘attending to one's interests much more than to others'. Results indicate that while there are no significant differences in Machiavellianism between public accountants in the upper-level positions (managers and partners), partners are significantly less Machiavellian than seniors. These results are consistent with previous studies on Canadian public accountants.","PeriodicalId":47954,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics-A European Review","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81731249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-8608.2009.01573.X
P. Gibbs
{"title":"Response to 'Gibbs and the problems of satisfaction and well-being'.","authors":"P. Gibbs","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-8608.2009.01573.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-8608.2009.01573.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47954,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics-A European Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"412-413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73967283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-8608.2009.01562.X
J. Moon, Stephanos Anastasiadis, F. Viganò
{"title":"The potential of CSR to support the implementation of the EU sustainability strategy: editorial introduction.","authors":"J. Moon, Stephanos Anastasiadis, F. Viganò","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-8608.2009.01562.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-8608.2009.01562.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47954,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics-A European Review","volume":"46 43 1","pages":"268-272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80526161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-18DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01560.x
D. Payne, C. Trumbach
This article focuses on the issue of data mining as it relates to the consumer and to the issue of whether the consumer's private information has any proprietary status. A brief review of data mining is provided as a background for a better understanding of the purposes and uses of data mining. Also examined are several issues of the ethics of data mining, including a review of stakeholders, who they are and which may be most seriously affected by unethical data mining practices. Several suggestions for the improvement of data mining as it relates to the consumer are further presented: suggestions that would allow for data mining that would be beneficial to both the business community and the consumer.
{"title":"Data Mining: Proprietary Rights, People and Proposals","authors":"D. Payne, C. Trumbach","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01560.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01560.x","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the issue of data mining as it relates to the consumer and to the issue of whether the consumer's private information has any proprietary status. A brief review of data mining is provided as a background for a better understanding of the purposes and uses of data mining. Also examined are several issues of the ethics of data mining, including a review of stakeholders, who they are and which may be most seriously affected by unethical data mining practices. Several suggestions for the improvement of data mining as it relates to the consumer are further presented: suggestions that would allow for data mining that would be beneficial to both the business community and the consumer.","PeriodicalId":47954,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics-A European Review","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89876755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-18DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01561.x
G. Svensson, G. Wood, Jang B. Singh, Michael Callaghan
The objective of this paper is to develop and describe a construct of the ethos of the corporate codes of ethics (i.e. an ECCE construct) across three countries, namely Australia, Canada and Sweden. The introduced construct is rather unique as it is based on a cross-cultural sample seldom seen in the literature. While the outcome of statistical analyses indicated a satisfactory factor solution and acceptable estimates of reliability measures, some research limitations have been stressed. They provide a foundation for further research in the field and testing of the ECCE construct in other cultural and corporate settings. We believe that the ECCE construct makes a contribution to theory and practice in the field as it outlines a theoretical construct for the benefit of other researchers. It is also of managerial interest as it provides a grounded framework of areas to be considered in the implementation in organizations of corporate codes of ethics.
{"title":"A Cross-Cultural Construct of the Ethos of the Corporate Codes of Ethics: Australia, Canada and Sweden","authors":"G. Svensson, G. Wood, Jang B. Singh, Michael Callaghan","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01561.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01561.x","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to develop and describe a construct of the ethos of the corporate codes of ethics (i.e. an ECCE construct) across three countries, namely Australia, Canada and Sweden. The introduced construct is rather unique as it is based on a cross-cultural sample seldom seen in the literature. While the outcome of statistical analyses indicated a satisfactory factor solution and acceptable estimates of reliability measures, some research limitations have been stressed. They provide a foundation for further research in the field and testing of the ECCE construct in other cultural and corporate settings. We believe that the ECCE construct makes a contribution to theory and practice in the field as it outlines a theoretical construct for the benefit of other researchers. It is also of managerial interest as it provides a grounded framework of areas to be considered in the implementation in organizations of corporate codes of ethics.","PeriodicalId":47954,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics-A European Review","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89227878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-18DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01565.x
S. Wen
Concentrated attention on institutional investors' activism has been perceived in the last few decades and further intensified in the post-Enron era. A new area of particular significance that has emerged is institutional investors' growing awareness and practice of socially responsible investment (SRI). This article starts by reviewing the importance of institutional investor activism and the historical implication of SRI. Significantly, various elements that give rise to the growth of SRI in the modern business world are considered in detail. It is recognized that, although current empirical evidence suggests ambiguous effects of SRI, the positive impact of institutional investors' activism on SRI is likely to have been undermined due to the underdevelopment of evaluation systems, and SRI should stand out as a good investment option for its joint financial and societal concerns. Nevertheless, obstructions still exist in the exercise of investor activism and the pursuit of SRI strategy, which implies that, at least in the near future, SRI strategy will remain as a minor investment trend for institutional investors in Anglo-American countries. Additional regulatory methods and awarding schemes are, therefore, expected to motivate institutional investors' activism on SRI, and subsequently to promote global sustainability.
{"title":"Institutional Investor Activism on Socially Responsible Investment: Effects and Expectations","authors":"S. Wen","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01565.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01565.x","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrated attention on institutional investors' activism has been perceived in the last few decades and further intensified in the post-Enron era. A new area of particular significance that has emerged is institutional investors' growing awareness and practice of socially responsible investment (SRI). This article starts by reviewing the importance of institutional investor activism and the historical implication of SRI. Significantly, various elements that give rise to the growth of SRI in the modern business world are considered in detail. It is recognized that, although current empirical evidence suggests ambiguous effects of SRI, the positive impact of institutional investors' activism on SRI is likely to have been undermined due to the underdevelopment of evaluation systems, and SRI should stand out as a good investment option for its joint financial and societal concerns. Nevertheless, obstructions still exist in the exercise of investor activism and the pursuit of SRI strategy, which implies that, at least in the near future, SRI strategy will remain as a minor investment trend for institutional investors in Anglo-American countries. Additional regulatory methods and awarding schemes are, therefore, expected to motivate institutional investors' activism on SRI, and subsequently to promote global sustainability.","PeriodicalId":47954,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics-A European Review","volume":"342 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2009-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75937374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-14DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8608.2007.00511.x
S. Norton
The current debate as to whether the natural environment should be accorded stakeholder status involves an assumption that it is in some way different from other stakeholders, requiring favorable discriminatory treatment. Essentially it is regarded as passive, requiring regulatory agencies to represent its interests or the wider public to demand its protection on the occasion of, for example, oil spills that leave wildlife in a visibly distressed state. But the natural environment does not have consciousness as do traditional classes of stakeholders such as employees, shareholders and contractors, nor does it negotiate in markets over the price at which it sells its output in the way that a trader haggles with potential buyers. This paper proposes that in the context of financial markets the natural environment possesses stakeholder status, founded upon the essentiality of ecosystem stability for their proper functioning and the structuring of instruments traded on them.
{"title":"The Natural Environment as a Salient Stakeholder: Non-Anthropocentrism, Ecosystem Stability and the Financial Markets","authors":"S. Norton","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8608.2007.00511.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2007.00511.x","url":null,"abstract":"The current debate as to whether the natural environment should be accorded stakeholder status involves an assumption that it is in some way different from other stakeholders, requiring favorable discriminatory treatment. Essentially it is regarded as passive, requiring regulatory agencies to represent its interests or the wider public to demand its protection on the occasion of, for example, oil spills that leave wildlife in a visibly distressed state. But the natural environment does not have consciousness as do traditional classes of stakeholders such as employees, shareholders and contractors, nor does it negotiate in markets over the price at which it sells its output in the way that a trader haggles with potential buyers. This paper proposes that in the context of financial markets the natural environment possesses stakeholder status, founded upon the essentiality of ecosystem stability for their proper functioning and the structuring of instruments traded on them.","PeriodicalId":47954,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics-A European Review","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2007-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85623726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8608.2007.00492.x
E. Lévinas, François Bouchetoux, Campbell Jones
This is a translation of ‘Socialite et argent’, a text by Emmanuel Levinas originally published in 1987. Levinas describes the emergence of money out of interhuman relations of exchange and the social relations – sociality – that result. While elsewhere he has presented sociality as ‘nonindifference to alterity’ it appears here as ‘proximity of the stranger’ and points to the tension between an economic system based on money and the basic human disposition to respond to the face of the other person. Money both encodes and effaces sociality, both designates and disguises social relations. It arises from the way that needs and interests are manifested in exchange relations, in what he calls the ‘interestedness’ of economic life. But interests are always already cut through by the fact that being is always ‘being with others’. Being is always ‘interbeing’. Interestedness is always confronted by disinterestedness, that is, by a sociality marked by the ‘goodness of giving’, attachment to and concern for the poverty of the other person. Levinas concludes with a discussion of sociality and justice, posing questions about the tension between the demand to respond to an Other immediately before me and at the same time to respond to the demands of an other Other (the third person) who also invites a response.
这是由伊曼纽尔·列维纳斯(Emmanuel Levinas)于1987年首次出版的《社会名流与代理人》(Socialite et agent)的翻译。列维纳斯描述了货币的出现源于人与人之间的交换关系以及由此产生的社会关系——社会性。在其他地方，他将社会表现为“对另类漠不关心”，而在这里，他表现为“接近陌生人”，并指出了基于金钱的经济体系与人类对他人面孔做出反应的基本性格之间的紧张关系。金钱既能编码社会关系又能掩盖社会关系，既能指定社会关系又能掩饰社会关系。它源于需求和利益在交换关系中表现出来的方式，即他所谓的经济生活的“利益”。但利益总是已经被存在总是“与他人在一起”这一事实所切断。存在总是“相互作用”。利益总是与无私相冲突，也就是说，以“给予的善良”为标志的社会，依恋和关心他人的贫困。列维纳斯以对社会性和正义的讨论结束，提出了一些问题，关于在我面前立即回应他者的要求与同时回应另一个他者(第三人称)的要求之间的紧张关系，他者也邀请了回应。
{"title":"Sociality and Money","authors":"E. Lévinas, François Bouchetoux, Campbell Jones","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8608.2007.00492.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2007.00492.x","url":null,"abstract":"This is a translation of ‘Socialite et argent’, a text by Emmanuel Levinas originally published in 1987. Levinas describes the emergence of money out of interhuman relations of exchange and the social relations – sociality – that result. While elsewhere he has presented sociality as ‘nonindifference to alterity’ it appears here as ‘proximity of the stranger’ and points to the tension between an economic system based on money and the basic human disposition to respond to the face of the other person. Money both encodes and effaces sociality, both designates and disguises social relations. It arises from the way that needs and interests are manifested in exchange relations, in what he calls the ‘interestedness’ of economic life. But interests are always already cut through by the fact that being is always ‘being with others’. Being is always ‘interbeing’. Interestedness is always confronted by disinterestedness, that is, by a sociality marked by the ‘goodness of giving’, attachment to and concern for the poverty of the other person. Levinas concludes with a discussion of sociality and justice, posing questions about the tension between the demand to respond to an Other immediately before me and at the same time to respond to the demands of an other Other (the third person) who also invites a response.","PeriodicalId":47954,"journal":{"name":"Business Ethics-A European Review","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74026865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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