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Anthropomorphic Characters in Children’s Literature 儿童文学中的拟人人物
IF 1.7 4区 教育学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-03 DOI: 10.1086/711054
Vera Sotirovska, J. Kelley
Given the current climate of immigration discourse and proposed changes to US immigration policies, it is critical to examine how immigration is presented to society’s youngest readers. Because racial tension is embedded in immigration policies, children’s picture books with anthropomorphic characters offer the possibility of learning about immigration as a phenomenon removed from master narratives. We focus on five picture books with anthropomorphic characters and explore the portrayal of immigrants and their stories. Using critical multicultural analysis, we unpack stereotypes, storylines, relationships between characters, messages about different lifestyles, creators’ backgrounds and perspectives, and loaded words. Cultural character traits were used purposefully to unpack messages about acceptance or the lack thereof. The storylines emphasize the characters’ traits, agency, and strategies of inclusion. Parallels can be drawn between the current immigration discourse and the books’ storylines, making the books appropriate resources to address immigration topics in the elementary education classroom.
鉴于当前移民言论的氛围和美国移民政策的拟议变化,研究移民如何向社会上最年轻的读者呈现至关重要。由于种族紧张关系植根于移民政策中,具有拟人化人物的儿童图画书提供了学习移民这一从主流叙事中移除的现象的可能性。我们关注五本人物拟人化的图画书,探讨移民及其故事的刻画。通过批判性的多元文化分析,我们解开了刻板印象、故事情节、人物之间的关系、关于不同生活方式的信息、创作者的背景和视角以及负载的词语。文化性格特征被有目的地用来解读接受或缺乏接受的信息。故事情节强调了人物的特点、能动性和包容策略。可以将当前的移民话语与书籍的故事情节进行比较,使书籍成为在基础教育课堂上解决移民话题的合适资源。
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引用次数: 16
Usability and Feasibility of Data-Based Instruction for Students with Intensive Writing Needs 基于数据的教学对有密集写作需求的学生的可用性和可行性
IF 1.7 4区 教育学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-27 DOI: 10.1086/711235
Apryl L. Poch, Kristen L. McMaster, E. Lembke
A small proportion of students do not benefit sufficiently from standard intervention protocols and require more intensive, individualized instruction. Data-based instruction (DBI) has a strong evidence base for addressing students’ intensive academic needs, yet it is not widely implemented. In this study, we explored the usability and feasibility of a professional development system to support teachers’ use of DBI in writing. Data analyzed using a mixed-methods design revealed that teachers perceived supports such as coaching as facilitators of DBI implementation, whereas access to materials and external factors such as time conflicts presented challenges. Teachers made statistically significant growth from pretest to posttest on a measure of DBI knowledge and skills, implemented DBI components with fidelity, and reported that time spent on DBI activities decreased each week, supporting its usability and feasibility. Findings suggest that DBI is usable and feasible when teachers are provided ongoing professional development supports.
一小部分学生没有从标准干预方案中充分受益,需要更深入、个性化的指导。基于数据的教学(DBI)在满足学生的密集学术需求方面有着强大的证据基础,但尚未得到广泛实施。在本研究中,我们探讨了专业发展系统的可用性和可行性,以支持教师在写作中使用DBI。使用混合方法设计分析的数据显示,教师将辅导等支持视为DBI实施的促进者,而获取材料和时间冲突等外部因素则带来了挑战。教师在测量DBI知识和技能方面,从前测到后测,取得了统计学上显著的增长,忠实地实施了DBI组件,并报告每周花在DBI活动上的时间都在减少,这支持了其可用性和可行性。研究结果表明,当教师得到持续的专业发展支持时,DBI是可用和可行的。
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引用次数: 4
Using Epistemic Network Analysis to Visually Map a Metacognitive Continuum of Urban Fourth Graders’ Strategies for Navigating Multimodal Science Texts 运用认知网络分析视觉绘制城市四年级学生浏览多模态科学文本策略的元认知连续体
IF 1.7 4区 教育学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-27 DOI: 10.1086/711296
Sharon M. Pratt, Julianne Coleman
This convergent mixed-methods study investigated what urban fourth-grade students self-reported for navigating multimodal science books. Reported strategies included general reading processes, clarifying understanding, selecting portions to read, choosing an order to read the text, and interpreting the process in the text. A range of metacognitive awareness in navigating multimodal science books included categories of Limited, Novice, Competent, and Expert. Using Epistemic Network Analysis to visually map the cognitive processes students reported, we found urban students within this study relied on general literacy strategies including comprehension strategies, traditional text directionality, and identifying informational text features. Fewer students reported using more sophisticated strategies for interpreting multimodal science books, such as previewing or integrating written text and visual representations. This study provides evidence that disciplinary literacy instruction should go beyond general literacy strategies to equip students with more specific strategies for integrating the written text and visual representations in multimodal science texts.
这项趋同的混合方法研究调查了城市四年级学生在浏览多模式科学书籍时的自我报告。报告的策略包括一般阅读过程、澄清理解、选择阅读部分、选择阅读顺序以及解释文本中的过程。在浏览多模式科学书籍时,一系列的元认知意识包括有限、新手、胜任和专家。使用认知网络分析来直观地绘制学生报告的认知过程,我们发现本研究中的城市学生依赖于一般的识字策略,包括理解策略、传统文本定向性和识别信息文本特征。较少的学生报告说,他们使用更复杂的策略来解读多模式科学书籍,例如预览或整合书面文本和视觉表达。这项研究提供了证据,表明学科识字教学应该超越一般的识字策略,为学生提供更具体的策略,将书面文本和视觉表征整合到多模式科学文本中。
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引用次数: 3
Teacher Roles in Personalized Learning Environments 个性化学习环境中的教师角色
IF 1.7 4区 教育学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-14 DOI: 10.1086/711079
P. Bishop, John M. Downes, Steven Netcoh, Katy Farber, Jessica DeMink-Carthew, T. Brown, Rachel Mark
As school districts, major cities, and entire states in the United States adopt personalized learning as a reform strategy focused on the co-construction of learning opportunities between teachers and students, educators face shifting roles. This study examined the roles of teachers in personalized learning environments within a policy context of statewide legislation of personalized learning plans, flexible educational pathways, and proficiency-based assessment. The study used data from interviews with a purposefully selected group of 20 elementary and middle school teachers from 11 schools. Findings revealed teachers’ perceptions of their roles as (a) empowerers, (b) scouts, (c) scaffolders, and (d) assessors, as well as associated strategies within each role that participants perceived to be constructive. The use of role theory illuminated the potential for intrarole conflict and role strain between and among these roles along with the cultural dimensions of the shift to personalized learning.
随着美国学区、主要城市和整个州将个性化学习作为一项改革战略,重点关注师生之间的学习机会共建,教育工作者面临着角色的转变。本研究在全州个性化学习计划立法、灵活的教育途径和基于能力的评估的政策背景下,考察了教师在个性化学习环境中的作用。这项研究使用了来自11所学校的20名中小学教师的访谈数据。研究结果揭示了教师对他们作为(a)开发人员、(b)侦察员、(c)架子工和(d)评估员的角色的看法,以及参与者认为具有建设性的每个角色中的相关策略。角色理论的使用揭示了这些角色之间角色内部冲突和角色紧张的可能性,以及向个性化学习转变的文化层面。
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引用次数: 8
Absenteeism across the Early Elementary Grades 小学低年级的旷课现象
IF 1.7 4区 教育学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-13 DOI: 10.1086/711053
S. Anderson, Katelyn F. Romm
Research suggests that elementary school absenteeism can contribute to deficits in achievement. It is less clear how the timing and growth in rates of attendance shape early elementary school achievement. The present study examined the role of absenteeism in pre-K and early elementary school in the context of third-grade achievement, along with differences based on gender and socioeconomic status. Aims were examined with a sample from an urban school district (N = 854). Overall, attendance rates were stable across early elementary school. Neither initial days attended nor changes over time were significantly associated with reading achievement in third grade for the sample as a whole. Among boys and low-income children, more days attended in pre-K was significantly associated with higher reading scores in third grade. Results are discussed in terms of early elementary attendance policies and practices for working with students who miss days of school.
研究表明,小学旷课会导致成绩下降。目前尚不清楚入学率的时间和增长是如何影响早期小学成绩的。本研究考察了K前和小学早期旷课在三年级成绩中的作用,以及基于性别和社会经济地位的差异。目的是用一个城市学区的样本(N=854)进行检验的。总体而言,整个小学早期的入学率是稳定的。对于整个样本来说,最初参加的天数和随时间的变化都与三年级的阅读成绩没有显著关联。在男孩和低收入儿童中,学前教育的天数越多,三年级的阅读成绩就越高。结果从小学早期出勤政策和与缺课学生合作的实践方面进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 6
Beyond Fact-Checking 无法核实
IF 1.7 4区 教育学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/709982
Emily M. Hodge, Rachael E. Gabriel, Susan Chenelle
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) were released in 2010 with an appendix that claimed to outline a research-based case for the standards. In this article, we examine the CCSS Appendix A as a case of research use in policy by analyzing the type of sources the document cites, the accuracy of its claim-citation relationships, and the frames its authors used in arguing for the standards. The 59 claims in Appendix A were supported by 112 citations to 97 unique sources. Reports and peer-reviewed articles were the most commonly cited sources, but about a third of claims made did not have a close relationship to the cited material. This analysis raises questions about the use of research evidence in influential policy documents, suggesting that critical consumers scrutinize the content of policy documents and their relationship to the research used to authorize their claims.
共同核心州标准(CCSS)于2010年发布,其附录声称概述了基于研究的标准案例。在本文中,我们将CCSS附录A作为政策研究使用的一个案例,通过分析该文件引用的来源类型,其索赔-引用关系的准确性,以及其作者在争论标准时使用的框架。附录A中的59项索赔得到了97个独特来源的112次引用的支持。报告和同行评议的文章是最常被引用的来源,但大约三分之一的声明与被引用的材料没有密切的关系。这一分析提出了在有影响力的政策文件中使用研究证据的问题,表明挑剔的消费者仔细审查政策文件的内容及其与用于授权其主张的研究的关系。
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引用次数: 1
Longitudinal Impact of Sociocultural Factors and Parent Beliefs on Parent-Teacher Relationship Strength 社会文化因素和父母信仰对亲子关系强度的纵向影响
IF 1.7 4区 教育学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-12 DOI: 10.1086/709881
Neshat Yazdani, Karen L. Siedlecki, Zihuan Cao, Heining Cham
Extensive literature highlights positive outcomes experienced by students whose parents and teachers have strong relationships, but less is known about the factors that influence parent-teacher relationship strength. Using data from The Impact of Grade Retention: A Developmental Approach, we identify parent-level predictors of the developmental trajectories of seven dimensions of parent and teacher ratings of relationship strength and evaluate the association between relationship strength and students’ academic performance in grades 1–8. Results show that parent acculturation, parent-teacher ethnic concordance, and beliefs about children’s educational attainment predict trajectories of parent and teacher ratings of relationship strength. Relationship strength is both positively and negatively related to student reading and math performance. Results identify unique patterns of predictors for parent and teacher ratings of relationship strength and suggest that strong relationships can be related to student academic success or underperformance. Implications of these findings for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
大量的文献强调了父母和教师关系牢固的学生所经历的积极结果,但对影响家长和教师关系强度的因素知之甚少。利用《年级保留的影响:一种发展的方法》的数据,我们确定了父母和教师对关系强度评分的七个维度的发展轨迹的父母水平预测因子,并评估了关系强度与1-8年级学生学习成绩之间的关系。结果显示,父母文化适应、父母与教师的种族和谐、子女受教育程度的信念预测了父母与教师关系强度评分的轨迹。关系强度对学生的阅读和数学成绩有正相关和负相关的影响。结果确定了父母和老师对关系强度评级的独特预测模式,并表明牢固的关系可能与学生的学业成功或表现不佳有关。讨论了这些发现对研究人员和从业人员的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Preschool Children’s Interest in Early Writing Activities and Perceptions of Writing Experience 学龄前儿童对早期写作活动的兴趣与写作体验
IF 1.7 4区 教育学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.1086/709979
Chenyi Zhang, Margaret F. Quinn
Early literacy research links children’s interest in writing to early literacy development. It is unclear, however, what kind of learning activities related to writing are interesting to young children. Existing studies primarily rely on an adult-report approach to capture children’s interest. This study used picture-based assessment and structured interview and interviewed 55 preschool children (29 girls, 26 boys, M = 51 months, SD = 6.70) to capture children’s perspectives about their writing experiences. Children’s responses were transcribed and coded for data analysis. Chi-square analyses showed that children exhibited significantly stronger interest in nonwriting activities involving meaningful themes and artistic learning materials than in transcription-focused writing activities. Children showed strong interest in digital writing (i.e., iPad and computer writing), although most children did not consider digital writing a writing activity. Children’s responses demonstrated their developing perception of and positive experiences with writing processes, materials, and interactions. Classroom implications are discussed.
早期识字研究将儿童对写作的兴趣与早期识字发展联系起来。然而,目前尚不清楚什么样的与写作相关的学习活动对幼儿来说是有趣的。现有的研究主要依靠成人报告的方法来捕捉儿童的兴趣。本研究采用基于图片的评估和结构化访谈,采访了55名学龄前儿童(29名女孩,26名男孩,M=51个月,SD=6.70),以捕捉儿童对其写作经历的看法。孩子们的反应被转录并编码以进行数据分析。卡方分析表明,儿童对涉及有意义主题和艺术学习材料的非写作活动表现出比以转录为重点的写作活动更强的兴趣。孩子们对数字写作(即iPad和电脑写作)表现出强烈的兴趣,尽管大多数孩子并不认为数字写作是一种写作活动。儿童的反应显示了他们对写作过程、材料和互动的发展感知和积极体验。讨论了课堂影响。
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引用次数: 11
Examining the Efficacy of a Kindergarten Mathematics Intervention by Group Size and Initial Skill 用小组规模和初始技能检验幼儿园数学干预的效果
IF 1.7 4区 教育学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.1086/710041
Ben Clarke, Christian T. Doabler, Jessica E. Turtura, K. Smolkowski, Derek B. Kosty, Marah Sutherland, E. Kurtz-Nelson, Hank Fien, S. Baker
This study examined whether the efficacy of ROOTS, a 50-lesson mathematics intervention program focused on whole number concepts for at-risk kindergarten students, differed by group size and whether initial skill moderated intervention effects by group size. The study utilized a randomized block design with at-risk students (n = 1,251) within classrooms (n = 138) randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions (a small group of two or five students) or the control condition. Proximal and distal measures were collected in the fall (pretest), spring (posttest), and winter of first grade (follow-up). Results indicated that students who participated in ROOTS performed better at posttest than control students (Hedges’s g from 0.09 to 0.81), that impact did not vary by group size, and that initial skill moderated the impact of ROOTS compared with control student outcomes but likely was not due to differences in group size.
这项研究考察了ROOTS的疗效是否因群体规模而不同,以及初始技能是否因群体大小而调节干预效果。ROOTS是一项针对高危幼儿园学生的50节课数学干预计划,专注于整数概念。该研究采用了随机分组设计,将教室(n=138)内的高危学生(n=1251)随机分配到两种治疗条件中的一种(由两到五名学生组成的小组)或对照条件中。在一年级的秋季(测试前)、春季(测试后)和冬季(随访)收集近端和远端测量。结果表明,参加ROOTS的学生在后测中的表现比对照学生好(Hedges的g从0.09到0.81),这种影响不因小组规模而变化,与对照学生的结果相比,初始技能调节了ROOTS的影响,但可能不是由于小组规模的差异。
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引用次数: 7
The Visual Thinking Strategies Approach to Teaching Argument Writing 论议论文写作教学中的视觉思维策略
IF 1.7 4区 教育学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DOI: 10.1086/709984
K. Smolkowski, L. Strycker, L. Anderson, Peggy Marconi, Lisa Abia-Smith
This pilot study evaluated a novel professional development (PD) model designed to prepare K–12 educators in high-need rural school districts to teach evidence-based argument writing. The PD model showed teachers how to engage students in discussions about visual art using Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) to enhance students’ argumentation writing. Twenty intervention teachers completed the PD program and conducted lessons in VTS and argument writing. Intervention teachers, compared with 34 comparison teachers, improved their perceived knowledge of critical thinking concepts, ability to teach critical thinking concepts, knowledge of concepts related to argument writing, and actual ability to perceive and analyze artistic work and understand characteristics used to convey intent and meaning (Hedges’s g > 0.50). Students in the intervention condition (N = 210 in K–11) improved their argument writing skills. Given the quasi-experimental design and small sample size, these findings should be viewed with caution but suggest promise.
本试点研究评估了一种新的专业发展(PD)模式,该模式旨在为高需求农村学区的K-12教育工作者准备以证据为基础的论证写作。PD模型向教师展示了如何使用视觉思维策略(VTS)让学生参与关于视觉艺术的讨论,以提高学生的议论文写作能力。20名干预教师完成了PD计划,并进行了VTS和论点写作的课程。与34名对照教师相比,干预教师对批判性思维概念的感知知识、教授批判性思维概念的能力、论证写作相关概念的知识、感知和分析艺术作品的实际能力以及理解用于传达意图和意义的特征的能力都有所提高(Hedges 's g > 0.50)。干预组学生(K-11班N = 210)的论文写作能力有所提高。考虑到准实验设计和小样本量,这些发现应该谨慎看待,但暗示着希望。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Elementary School Journal
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