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The messy practice of decolonising a concept: Everyday humanitarianism in Tanzania 非殖民化概念的混乱实践:坦桑尼亚的日常人道主义
IF 3 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0260210523000189
C. R. Sulley, L. Richey
Abstract This article1 explores the messy practice of decolonising a concept through collaborative work between scholars researching together the meaning of everyday humanitarianism in Tanzania. Humanitarianism is typically understood as the state-centric, formal, Northern-driven helping of distant others in crisis. Using the concept of everyday humanitarianism, our article challenges these assumptions in three ways. First, it explores the everyday humanitarian actions of ordinary citizens in times of crisis. Second, it explores these responses in a Southern context. Third, it focuses explicitly on the givers and not only the receivers of humanitarian help. Our work grounds decolonisation in the actual practices of research aimed at theory building as an iterative back-and-forth exchange with particular attention to power, rather than as a transplant of Northern theory on the South, or its opposite. Our first argument is that the objective of collaborative research to capture the local politics of giving and then use these practices to interrogate the theoretical concept of everyday humanitarianism can be decolonising. Second, we argue that the practices of the academic labour that produces knowledge or inductive theory can also be decolonising. Understanding both the challenges and the possibilities of decolonising ‘humanitarianism’ will provide an opportunity to document and thus legitimate the complexity that is inherent in decolonising a discipline.
摘要本文通过研究坦桑尼亚日常人道主义意义的学者之间的合作,探讨了非殖民化概念的混乱实践。人道主义通常被理解为以国家为中心的、正式的、由北方主导的对处于危机中的遥远国家的帮助。利用日常人道主义的概念,我们的文章从三个方面挑战了这些假设。首先,它探讨了普通公民在危机时刻的日常人道主义行动。其次,它在南方的背景下探讨了这些反应。第三,它明确关注人道主义援助的给予者,而不仅仅是接受者。我们的工作将非殖民化置于旨在建立理论的实际研究实践中,作为一种反复往复的交流,特别关注权力,而不是将北方理论移植到南方或其对立面。我们的第一个论点是,合作研究的目标是捕捉当地的捐赠政治,然后利用这些实践来质疑日常人道主义可以去殖民化的理论概念。其次,我们认为产生知识或归纳理论的学术劳动实践也可以是非殖民化的。理解“人道主义”非殖民化的挑战和可能性,将提供一个记录的机会,从而使一门学科非殖民化所固有的复杂性合法化。
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引用次数: 0
After states, before humanity? The meta-politics of legality and the International Criminal Court in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Palestine 在国家之后,在人类之前?合法性的元政治与伊拉克、阿富汗和巴勒斯坦的国际刑事法院
IF 3 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.1017/s026021052300030x
J. Grzybowski, F. dos Reis
In the debate on the (de-)judicialisation of international affairs and the International Criminal Court (ICC) specifically, the distinctions between legality and politics and between state sovereignty and the international remain contested. While realist and legalist approaches discuss the transformation of international politics by international criminal law, sociological and critical-legal perspectives instead highlight the politics of international criminal law. In this contribution, we focus on how the distinctions between (international) law and politics matter, not as substantively opposed spheres, but as boundaries that the ICC itself contingently and flexibly draws when considering particular situations. These meta-politics of invoking and reproducing key boundaries in seemingly technical elaborations of the interest of justice, the scope of its jurisdiction, or the application of complementarity reflect the Court’s particular authority but also its predicament of pushing for an international criminal law serving humanity, rather than states, while reproducing the distinctions between (international) law and politics. We illustrate the Court’s meta-politics by revisiting three recent decisions of the ICC to (not) investigate alleged international crimes committed by British forces in Iraq, by the Taliban, governmental, and US forces in Afghanistan, and by Israeli authorities and Palestinian groups in the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Gaza.
在关于国际事务和国际刑事法院(ICC)的(去)司法化的辩论中,合法性与政治之间以及国家主权与国际之间的区别仍然存在争议。现实主义和法律主义的方法讨论了国际刑法对国际政治的转变,而社会学和批判性法律的视角则强调了国际刑法的政治性。在这篇文章中,我们关注的是(国际)法和政治之间的区别是如何产生影响的,不是实质上对立的领域,而是国际刑事法院在考虑特定情况时偶然而灵活地划定的边界。这些在看似技术性的司法利益、司法管辖范围或互补性适用阐述中援引和再现关键边界的元政治,反映了法院的特殊权威,但也反映了法院在推动国际刑法为人类而非国家服务方面的困境,同时再现(国际)法律和政治之间的区别。我们回顾了国际刑事法院最近的三项决定,即(不)调查驻伊拉克英军、驻阿富汗塔利班、政府军和美军,以及以色列当局和巴勒斯坦团体在约旦河西岸、东耶路撒冷和加沙犯下的所谓国际罪行,以此说明国际刑事法院的元政治。
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引用次数: 0
Who forms the mass in mass destruction? 谁构成了大规模毁灭的主体?
IF 3 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0260210523000244
Himadeep Muppidi
Abstract This essay revisits the question of mass destruction through the perspectives offered by postcolonial thinkers.
摘要本文通过后殖民思想家提出的观点,重新审视了大规模杀伤性武器问题。
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引用次数: 0
A letter to Baba 给爸爸的一封信
IF 3 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210523000232
Shiera S. el-Malik
Abstract This is a piece of creative non-fiction. The letter from a daughter to a father is an attempt to understand intergenerationally shared histories, experiences, and different orientations. It aims to imagine what decolonial thinking could look and feel like. Interdisciplinary in its orientation, the letter moves between personal stories and the broader scholarly quest to contemplate the embodied racialized violence of the current conjuncture. The letter suggests that embodied racialized violence is powerful and banal. It explores how it can be carried in the ties that bind – the love, minds, bodies, experiences, and stories of – a familial relationship and the people they encounter. It also represents an inversion of scholarly work in which the interactions that hone arguments are thinly noted in brief acknowledgements, and the citationary writing takes centre stage. Here, the interaction is central, and the citationary writing is laid out in footnotes.
摘要这是一篇富有创意的非虚构作品。女儿给父亲的这封信试图理解代际共享的历史、经历和不同的取向。它旨在想象非殖民化思维的样子和感觉。这封信的方向是跨学科的,它在个人故事和更广泛的学术探索之间移动,以思考当前时代所体现的种族化暴力。这封信表明,具体的种族化暴力是强大而平庸的。它探讨了如何将它与家庭关系和他们遇到的人联系在一起——爱、思想、身体、经历和故事。它也代表了学术工作的倒置,在学术工作中,磨练论点的互动在简短的致谢中几乎没有被注意到,引文写作占据了中心舞台。在这里,互动是核心,引用的写作被放在脚注中。
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引用次数: 0
Imperial power, anti-imperial resistance, and the shaping of international hierarchies: Lessons from 1930s Persia – ERRATUM 皇权,反帝国主义抵抗,以及国际等级制度的形成:来自20世纪30年代波斯的教训
1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210523000311
Evaleila Pesaran
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
此内容没有摘要。当您可以访问此内容时,该页上会提供完整的HTML内容。此内容的PDF也可以通过“保存PDF”操作按钮获得。
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引用次数: 0
Indigenous resistance at the frontiers of accumulation: Challenging the coloniality of space in International Relations 积累前沿的本土抵抗:挑战国际关系中空间的殖民性
IF 3 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210523000268
Chris Hesketh
Latin America has long been subjected to colonial development that has negated Indigenous territory. In the present conjuncture, the region is home to the largest volume of environmental conflicts in the world. These conflicts are intrinsically connected to the wider model of neo-extractivist development that has been embraced throughout the continent since the early 2000s. Indigenous communities have frequently been the victims of this model of extractive development, with their territories becoming the primary sites for the aggressive expansion of the resource frontier. This has generated new political conflicts, as Indigenous communities conversely assert claims to territory and resources. In this article, I link these conflicts to what I term the ‘coloniality of space’, whereby Indigenous territorial forms have been theoretically elided from traditional spatial imaginaries within International Relations and concretely negated through practices within the global political economy. Moving beyond the territorial trap of nation-state centrism, Indigenous forms of resistance raise important questions about the subject and actors of International Relations.
拉丁美洲长期受到殖民主义发展的影响,这种发展否定了土著领土。在目前的形势下,该地区是世界上环境冲突最严重的地区。这些冲突与自21世纪初以来整个非洲大陆所接受的更广泛的新开采主义发展模式有着内在的联系。土著社区经常成为这种采掘发展模式的受害者,他们的领土成为积极扩大资源边界的主要地点。这产生了新的政治冲突,因为土著社区反过来主张对领土和资源的要求。在本文中,我将这些冲突与我所说的“空间的殖民性”联系起来,即在国际关系中,土著领土形式在理论上被排除在传统的空间想象之外,并通过全球政治经济中的实践具体地予以否定。超越民族国家中心主义的领土陷阱,土著形式的抵抗提出了关于国际关系主体和行动者的重要问题。
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引用次数: 0
How should IR deal with the “end of the world”? Existential anxieties and possibilities in the Anthropocene IR应该如何应对“世界末日”?人类世的生存焦虑与可能性
IF 3 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210523000220
Dahlia Simangan
The Anthropocene, a proposed new geological age marking the planetary impact of humanity, is no longer a newcomer to the field of International Relations (IR). Several scholars have recognised the value, as well as the danger, of the Anthropocene for theorising international relations. This article focuses on the existentialist questions and ideas derived from IR’s engagement with the Anthropocene, particularly on the anxieties surrounding the extinction of the human species, the meaning of the Anthropos, and humanity’s planetary stewardship. By drawing on scholarly discourses on these physical, spiritual, and moral anxieties, I argue that existentialist thinking helps expose IR’s anthropocentric, universalist, and hubristic tendencies, which are also prevalent in the broader Anthropocene discourse. It also serves as a reminder of the freedom to explore possibilities, albeit with a lack of certainty, for reimagining the place of humanity and IR as a discipline in this new geological age. Therefore, existentialism reveals IR’s dissonance with the paradoxes and uncertainties that the Anthropocene brings while offering a path toward theorising the “end of the world”.
人类世是一个标志着人类对地球影响的新地质时代,它不再是国际关系领域的新事物。一些学者已经认识到人类世对国际关系理论的价值和危险。这篇文章聚焦于IR与人类世的接触所产生的存在主义问题和思想,特别是围绕人类物种灭绝的焦虑、人类世的意义以及人类对地球的管理。通过借鉴关于这些身体、精神和道德焦虑的学术话语,我认为存在主义思维有助于揭露IR的人类中心主义、普遍主义和傲慢主义倾向,这些倾向在更广泛的人类世话语中也很普遍。它也提醒人们,尽管缺乏确定性,但可以自由探索在这个新的地质时代重新想象人类和IR作为一门学科的地位的可能性。因此,存在主义揭示了IR与人类世带来的悖论和不确定性的不和谐,同时为“世界末日”的理论化提供了一条道路。
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引用次数: 0
Actors, activities, and forms of authority in the IPCC 政府间气候变化专门委员会的行动者、活动和权力形式
IF 3 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210523000207
Hannah Hughes
Scholarship on global environmental assessments call for these organisations to become more reflexive to address challenges around participation, inclusivity of perspectives, and responsivity to the policy domains they inform. However, there has been less call for reflexivity in IPCC scholarship or closer examination of how routine concepts condition scholarly understanding by focusing on science and politics over other social dynamics. In this article, I suggest that scholarly reflexivity could advance new analytical approaches that provide practical insights for changing organisational structures. Through reflecting on my understanding of the IPCC, I develop actors, activities, and forms of authority as a new analytical framework for studying international organisations and knowledge bodies. Through its application, I describe the social order of the IPCC within and between the panel, the bureau, the technical support units, the secretariat and the authors, which is revealing of which actors, on the basis of what authority, have symbolic power over the writing of climate change. The fine-grained analysis of organisations enabled by this analytical framework reveals how dominance can and is being remade through intergovernmental relations and potentially, identifies avenues that managers of these bodies can pursue to challenge it.
关于全球环境评估的学术研究呼吁这些组织变得更加反思,以应对参与、观点的包容性和对其所提供信息的政策领域的响应性方面的挑战。然而,在IPCC学术研究中,很少有人呼吁反身性,或者更仔细地研究常规概念如何通过关注科学和政治而不是其他社会动态来影响学术理解。在这篇文章中,我建议学术反思可以推进新的分析方法,为不断变化的组织结构提供实用的见解。通过反思我对IPCC的理解,我发展了行动者、活动和权威形式,作为研究国际组织和知识机构的新分析框架。通过它的应用,我描述了IPCC在小组、主席团、技术支持单位、秘书处和作者之间的社会秩序,揭示了哪些行为者,基于什么样的权威,对气候变化的写作具有象征性的权力。通过这一分析框架,对组织进行了细致的分析,揭示了通过政府间关系如何能够和正在重塑主导地位,并潜在地确定了这些机构的管理者可以寻求挑战主导地位的途径。
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引用次数: 1
Imperial power, anti-imperial resistance, and the shaping of international hierarchies: Lessons from 1930s Persia 帝国权力、反帝国抵抗和国际等级制度的形成:20世纪30年代波斯的教训
IF 3 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210523000190
Evaleila Pesaran
This article explores how relations of both domination and resistance have been involved in the constitution of international hierarchies. Focusing on events arising from the Persian government’s 1932 cancellation of the D’Arcy oil concession, it argues that while Western-dominated international hierarchies have proved resilient, some aspects of these hierarchical relationships have been altered by episodes of resistance such as the one under examination in this article. The case study has been chosen because of its ability to highlight the interwar years as an important period of transition to a new world order, as well as the significance of Persia as one of the few non-Western countries that remained uncolonised at that time. The article revisits detailed historical documents from the BP Archives and the National Archives to show how the events of the 1930s oil dispute contributed to the emergence of shifts in the material, legal, and social hierarchies of the interwar period, while nevertheless reinforcing the existence of hierarchies overall. It shows how multilateral diplomacy replaced overt military intimidation, the framework of international law broadened, and peripheral countries found strength in numbers. Finally, the article considers the longer-term resilience of the hierarchical international system.
本文探讨了统治和抵抗的关系是如何参与国际等级制度的构成的。文章聚焦于1932年波斯政府取消达西石油特许权所引发的事件,认为虽然西方主导的国际等级制度已被证明具有弹性,但这些等级关系的某些方面已被诸如本文所考察的抵抗事件所改变。之所以选择这个案例研究,是因为它能够突出两次世界大战之间的岁月是向新的世界秩序过渡的重要时期,以及波斯作为当时少数几个未被殖民的非西方国家之一的重要性。本文回顾了英国石油公司档案馆和国家档案馆的详细历史文件,以展示20世纪30年代的石油争端事件如何促成了两次世界大战期间物质、法律和社会等级制度的转变,同时也加强了整体等级制度的存在。它显示了多边外交如何取代公开的军事恐吓,国际法框架如何扩大,外围国家如何找到了数量上的优势。最后,本文考虑了等级制国际体系的长期弹性。
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引用次数: 0
Oh help! Oh no! The international politics of The Gruffalo: Children’s picturebooks and world politics 哦,救命!哦,不!格鲁法洛的国际政治:儿童绘本与世界政治
IF 3 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.1017/s0260210523000098
L. Jarvis, N. Robinson
The article explores the complicity of children’s picturebooks in the construction and critique of world politics. Focusing on The Gruffalo, it argues that this spectacularly successful book: (1) stories the international as a pessimistic, anarchical world populated by self-interested, survival-seekers; (2) disrupts this reading and its assumptions through evocation of the social production of threat; and, (3) provides a more fundamental decolonial critique of the international through parochial privileging of its protagonist’s journey through a ‘deep dark wood’. In doing this, we argue, the book vividly demonstrates the world’s susceptibility to multiple incompatible readings, while rendering visible the assumptions, framing, and occlusions of competing understandings of the international. As such, it theorises both world politics and knowledge thereof as contingent and unstable. In making this argument, three contributions are made. First, empirically, we expand research on popular culture and world politics through investigating a surprisingly neglected example of the former. Second, theoretically, we demonstrate the work such texts perform in (re)creating and (de)stabilising (knowledge of) global politics. Third, we offer a composite methodological framework for future research into the context, content, and framing of complex texts like The Gruffalo.
本文探讨了儿童绘本在世界政治建构与批判中的共谋。以《格鲁弗洛》为中心,它认为这本非常成功的书:(1)讲述了国际社会是一个悲观、无政府的世界,充斥着自私、寻求生存的人;(2) 通过唤起威胁的社会生产来破坏这种解读及其假设;(3)通过对主人公穿越“深黑森林”之旅的狭隘特权,提供了对国际社会更基本的非殖民化批判。我们认为,在这样做的过程中,这本书生动地展示了世界对多种不兼容阅读的易感性,同时也展示了对国际理解的相互竞争的假设、框架和闭塞。因此,它将世界政治及其知识理论化为偶然和不稳定的。在提出这一论点时,有三点贡献。首先,从经验上讲,我们通过调查一个令人惊讶地被忽视的流行文化和世界政治的例子来扩大对流行文化和国际政治的研究。其次,从理论上讲,我们展示了这些文本在(重新)创造和(去)稳定(知识)全球政治方面所做的工作。第三,我们为未来研究《格鲁法洛》等复杂文本的背景、内容和框架提供了一个综合的方法论框架。
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引用次数: 0
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Review of International Studies
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