Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.1177/07419325221117293
S. A. Kim, D. Bryant, Brian R. Bryant, Mikyung Shin, M. Ok
The effects of whole number computation interventions among school students with learning disabilities in Grades K to 5 were examined using a multilevel meta-analysis. Applying a correlated and hierarchical effect model of robust variance estimation, we examined the intervention effects among 15 peer-reviewed articles and dissertations (two group-design and 13 single-case design studies) published between 1989 and 2021. Whole number computation interventions demonstrated a statistically significant and large effect on whole number computation outcomes ( g ¯ = 3.74). The type of mathematical operations, type of whole number computation measures, and the number of instructional components did not significantly affect the magnitude of the effect size estimate. However, the results showed slightly larger average effect sizes for the addition problem, the accuracy measure, and the additional number of instructional components by one. The limitations and implications for the practice of the meta-analysis are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.
{"title":"A Multilevel Meta-Analysis of Whole Number Computation Interventions for Students With Learning Disabilities","authors":"S. A. Kim, D. Bryant, Brian R. Bryant, Mikyung Shin, M. Ok","doi":"10.1177/07419325221117293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325221117293","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of whole number computation interventions among school students with learning disabilities in Grades K to 5 were examined using a multilevel meta-analysis. Applying a correlated and hierarchical effect model of robust variance estimation, we examined the intervention effects among 15 peer-reviewed articles and dissertations (two group-design and 13 single-case design studies) published between 1989 and 2021. Whole number computation interventions demonstrated a statistically significant and large effect on whole number computation outcomes ( g ¯ = 3.74). The type of mathematical operations, type of whole number computation measures, and the number of instructional components did not significantly affect the magnitude of the effect size estimate. However, the results showed slightly larger average effect sizes for the addition problem, the accuracy measure, and the additional number of instructional components by one. The limitations and implications for the practice of the meta-analysis are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48084348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.1177/07419325221115421
Allison F. Gilmour, C. Shanks, Marcus A. Winters
Growing numbers of students are educated in charter schools, including students with disabilities (SWD). Prior research suggests that charter schools educate a smaller percentage of SWD than traditional public schools, leading to a special education gap between sectors. We used data from a large urban district to examine how choice, mobility, and special education classification influenced the special education gap with descriptive statistics, gap decomposition, and causal analyses relying on a randomized component of school assignment. The driver of the gap was parental choice, with parents of SWD less often choosing charter schools. Enrolling in a charter school had no effect on the probability that a student was newly identified for special education services, but increased the probability that a student was deidentified for special education services. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying these results, with attention to factors that shape parental choice, and future research needed to understand parental choices.
{"title":"Choice, Mobility, and Classification: Disaggregating the Charter School Special Education Gap","authors":"Allison F. Gilmour, C. Shanks, Marcus A. Winters","doi":"10.1177/07419325221115421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325221115421","url":null,"abstract":"Growing numbers of students are educated in charter schools, including students with disabilities (SWD). Prior research suggests that charter schools educate a smaller percentage of SWD than traditional public schools, leading to a special education gap between sectors. We used data from a large urban district to examine how choice, mobility, and special education classification influenced the special education gap with descriptive statistics, gap decomposition, and causal analyses relying on a randomized component of school assignment. The driver of the gap was parental choice, with parents of SWD less often choosing charter schools. Enrolling in a charter school had no effect on the probability that a student was newly identified for special education services, but increased the probability that a student was deidentified for special education services. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying these results, with attention to factors that shape parental choice, and future research needed to understand parental choices.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41824917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-09DOI: 10.1177/07419325221114472
Angus Kittelman, Sterett H. Mercer, K. McIntosh, Kelsey R. Morris, Heather L. Hatton
District leadership teams perform key roles in building the systems to support schools in the implementation of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). However, there is a lack of measures for assessment and progress monitoring specific to district PBIS systems. To address this gap, we evaluated the validity of a measure of implementation of district PBIS systems, the District Systems Fidelity Inventory (DSFI). Using 183 school districts and 760 schools implementing PBIS, we found the DSFI to have good evidence of structural validity for measuring nine aspects of district systems (Leadership Teaming, Stakeholder Engagement, Funding and Alignment, Policy, Workforce Capacity, Training, Coaching, Evaluation, and Local Implementation Demonstrations). We also found DSFI subscales to be moderately related to school-level PBIS implementation fidelity, providing evidence of convergent validity. We describe how leadership teams can use the DSFI to improve PBIS implementation and student outcomes.
{"title":"Validation of a Measure of District Systems Implementation of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports","authors":"Angus Kittelman, Sterett H. Mercer, K. McIntosh, Kelsey R. Morris, Heather L. Hatton","doi":"10.1177/07419325221114472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325221114472","url":null,"abstract":"District leadership teams perform key roles in building the systems to support schools in the implementation of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). However, there is a lack of measures for assessment and progress monitoring specific to district PBIS systems. To address this gap, we evaluated the validity of a measure of implementation of district PBIS systems, the District Systems Fidelity Inventory (DSFI). Using 183 school districts and 760 schools implementing PBIS, we found the DSFI to have good evidence of structural validity for measuring nine aspects of district systems (Leadership Teaming, Stakeholder Engagement, Funding and Alignment, Policy, Workforce Capacity, Training, Coaching, Evaluation, and Local Implementation Demonstrations). We also found DSFI subscales to be moderately related to school-level PBIS implementation fidelity, providing evidence of convergent validity. We describe how leadership teams can use the DSFI to improve PBIS implementation and student outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46475613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.1177/07419325221108896
Derek B. Rodgers, S. Loveall
Students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are likely to experience writing challenges that can negatively impact their overall academic, vocational, and social success. The goals of this study were to determine what writing interventions have been used with students with IDD, how their writing skills have been measured, the effects of those interventions, and study-level moderators via meta-analytic procedures. We identified 96 writing-related outcomes reported in 52 studies that included 424 students with IDD. A majority of studies used strategy instruction/self-regulated strategy development (SRSD), direct instruction, or response prompting to instruct writing skills, and the most common outcome measures were related to writing output, conventions, quality rubrics, elements, and spelling. Results indicated that writing interventions led to significant improvements in students’ writing skills. These effects were moderated by intervention type and study quality.
{"title":"Writing Interventions for Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Derek B. Rodgers, S. Loveall","doi":"10.1177/07419325221108896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325221108896","url":null,"abstract":"Students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are likely to experience writing challenges that can negatively impact their overall academic, vocational, and social success. The goals of this study were to determine what writing interventions have been used with students with IDD, how their writing skills have been measured, the effects of those interventions, and study-level moderators via meta-analytic procedures. We identified 96 writing-related outcomes reported in 52 studies that included 424 students with IDD. A majority of studies used strategy instruction/self-regulated strategy development (SRSD), direct instruction, or response prompting to instruct writing skills, and the most common outcome measures were related to writing output, conventions, quality rubrics, elements, and spelling. Results indicated that writing interventions led to significant improvements in students’ writing skills. These effects were moderated by intervention type and study quality.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41708448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01Epub Date: 2021-05-31DOI: 10.1177/07419325211019100
Bryan G Cook, Jesse I Fleming, Sara A Hart, Kathleen Lynne Lane, William J Therrien, Wilhelmina van Dijk, Sarah Emily Wilson
Open-science reforms, which aim to increase credibility and access of research, have the potential to benefit the research base in special education, as well as practice and policy informed by that research base. Awareness of open science is increasing among special education researchers. However, relatively few researchers in the field have experience using multiple open-science practices, and few practical guidelines or resources have been tailored to special education researchers to support their exploration and adoption of open science. In this paper, we described and provided guidelines and resources for applying five core open-science practices-preregistration, registered reports, data sharing, materials sharing, and open-access publishing-in special education research.
{"title":"A How-To Guide for Open-Science Practices in Special Education Research.","authors":"Bryan G Cook, Jesse I Fleming, Sara A Hart, Kathleen Lynne Lane, William J Therrien, Wilhelmina van Dijk, Sarah Emily Wilson","doi":"10.1177/07419325211019100","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07419325211019100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Open-science reforms, which aim to increase credibility and access of research, have the potential to benefit the research base in special education, as well as practice and policy informed by that research base. Awareness of open science is increasing among special education researchers. However, relatively few researchers in the field have experience using multiple open-science practices, and few practical guidelines or resources have been tailored to special education researchers to support their exploration and adoption of open science. In this paper, we described and provided guidelines and resources for applying five core open-science practices-preregistration, registered reports, data sharing, materials sharing, and open-access publishing-in special education research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9426775/pdf/nihms-1763263.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.1177/07419325221113016
Allison F. Gilmour, Tuan D. Nguyen, Christopher Redding, Elizabeth F. Bettini
We used five waves of nationally representative data over 16 years from the Schools and Staffing Survey, National Teacher Principal Survey, and Teacher Follow-up Survey to descriptively examine how the roles, responsibilities, preparation, and supports for special educators have changed over time. We then used regression to investigate how these variables were associated with special educator attrition. This information is essential to ensure teacher education adequately prepares special educators for the contexts in which they work. We identified some changes in special educators’ work environment, including substantially increased use of team teaching. Our results indicated special educator attrition declined from 2000 to 2012, and this decline was primarily driven by reductions in movement between schools. Regression analysis provided little insight into the variables associated with this decline, suggesting a need for future research.
{"title":"The Shifting Context of Special Education Teachers’ Work","authors":"Allison F. Gilmour, Tuan D. Nguyen, Christopher Redding, Elizabeth F. Bettini","doi":"10.1177/07419325221113016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325221113016","url":null,"abstract":"We used five waves of nationally representative data over 16 years from the Schools and Staffing Survey, National Teacher Principal Survey, and Teacher Follow-up Survey to descriptively examine how the roles, responsibilities, preparation, and supports for special educators have changed over time. We then used regression to investigate how these variables were associated with special educator attrition. This information is essential to ensure teacher education adequately prepares special educators for the contexts in which they work. We identified some changes in special educators’ work environment, including substantially increased use of team teaching. Our results indicated special educator attrition declined from 2000 to 2012, and this decline was primarily driven by reductions in movement between schools. Regression analysis provided little insight into the variables associated with this decline, suggesting a need for future research.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49214281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-22DOI: 10.1177/07419325221111571
K. Sanderson, S. E. Goldman
While the challenges experienced by parents during Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings have been well documented, limited research has examined parent satisfaction with the IEP document itself and which factors are associated with greater satisfaction. Using 1,183 responses from a national survey, we addressed the following research questions: (a) How satisfied are parents with their child’s current IEP? and (b) What characteristics of the parent, child, family–professional partnership, and IEP meeting predict greater parent satisfaction with their child’s IEP? Approximately 40% of parents reported some degree of dissatisfaction with their child’s IEP. Several child characteristics were associated with the most extreme levels of satisfaction. Results of a regression analysis indicated that, for this sample, parent, child, family–professional partnership, and IEP meeting characteristics significantly predicted parent satisfaction, with characteristics of the IEP meeting among the strongest predictors. Implications are discussed, including the need to replicate these findings with a more representative sample.
{"title":"Factors Associated With Parent IEP Satisfaction","authors":"K. Sanderson, S. E. Goldman","doi":"10.1177/07419325221111571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325221111571","url":null,"abstract":"While the challenges experienced by parents during Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings have been well documented, limited research has examined parent satisfaction with the IEP document itself and which factors are associated with greater satisfaction. Using 1,183 responses from a national survey, we addressed the following research questions: (a) How satisfied are parents with their child’s current IEP? and (b) What characteristics of the parent, child, family–professional partnership, and IEP meeting predict greater parent satisfaction with their child’s IEP? Approximately 40% of parents reported some degree of dissatisfaction with their child’s IEP. Several child characteristics were associated with the most extreme levels of satisfaction. Results of a regression analysis indicated that, for this sample, parent, child, family–professional partnership, and IEP meeting characteristics significantly predicted parent satisfaction, with characteristics of the IEP meeting among the strongest predictors. Implications are discussed, including the need to replicate these findings with a more representative sample.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48508801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.1177/07419325221105514
Colin Gasamis, E. Sanders, Roxanne F. Hudson, Michelle Chiou
Calls for interventions in early childhood that best prepare children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to have inclusive school experiences have been numerous. Although there is a developing literature on the efficacy of interactive book reading (IBR) for this population, it is still unclear which aspects of IBR benefit these children and in what way. To address this gap, we reanalyzed data from a recently completed experiment comparing IBR with other early literacy instruction for preschoolers with ASD. Our results showed that frequency of tutors’ use of completion prompts used during IBR was uniquely predictive of better gains in phonological awareness. In addition, tutors’ frequency using open-ended prompts was associated with increased gains in print knowledge. Furthermore, both findings held true after controlling for language gains. Results have implications for the types of structure and support that adults might provide young children with ASD during IBR.
{"title":"Adult Talk During Book Reading for Preschoolers With ASD: Links With Literacy Outcomes","authors":"Colin Gasamis, E. Sanders, Roxanne F. Hudson, Michelle Chiou","doi":"10.1177/07419325221105514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325221105514","url":null,"abstract":"Calls for interventions in early childhood that best prepare children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to have inclusive school experiences have been numerous. Although there is a developing literature on the efficacy of interactive book reading (IBR) for this population, it is still unclear which aspects of IBR benefit these children and in what way. To address this gap, we reanalyzed data from a recently completed experiment comparing IBR with other early literacy instruction for preschoolers with ASD. Our results showed that frequency of tutors’ use of completion prompts used during IBR was uniquely predictive of better gains in phonological awareness. In addition, tutors’ frequency using open-ended prompts was associated with increased gains in print knowledge. Furthermore, both findings held true after controlling for language gains. Results have implications for the types of structure and support that adults might provide young children with ASD during IBR.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41701423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1177/07419325221102537
Anita López-Pedersen, Riikka Mononen, Pirjo Aunio, Ronny Scherer, M. Melby-Lervåg
Children with low performance in early numeracy are at risk of facing learning difficulties in mathematics, but few trials have examined how this can be ameliorated. A total of 120 first-grade children (Mage = 6.4 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control condition. The 14-week intervention targeted early numeracy skills and was delivered in small groups three times a week. Immediately after the initial 8-week intervention phase, moderate and positive effects were found on early numeracy (d = 0.19), word problem solving (d = 0.41), and approximate number sense (d = 0.35). However, only the effects on word problems were significant, and all effects disappeared after the children undertook a second 6-week intervention phase. Overall, results indicate that (a) early numeracy skills are malleable in low-performing children, but (b) frequent and long-term interventions are needed for the positive effects to last.
{"title":"Improving Numeracy Skills in First Graders with Low Performance in Early Numeracy: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Anita López-Pedersen, Riikka Mononen, Pirjo Aunio, Ronny Scherer, M. Melby-Lervåg","doi":"10.1177/07419325221102537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325221102537","url":null,"abstract":"Children with low performance in early numeracy are at risk of facing learning difficulties in mathematics, but few trials have examined how this can be ameliorated. A total of 120 first-grade children (Mage = 6.4 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control condition. The 14-week intervention targeted early numeracy skills and was delivered in small groups three times a week. Immediately after the initial 8-week intervention phase, moderate and positive effects were found on early numeracy (d = 0.19), word problem solving (d = 0.41), and approximate number sense (d = 0.35). However, only the effects on word problems were significant, and all effects disappeared after the children undertook a second 6-week intervention phase. Overall, results indicate that (a) early numeracy skills are malleable in low-performing children, but (b) frequent and long-term interventions are needed for the positive effects to last.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49406393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.1177/07419325221105520
Megan Rojo, S. King, Jenna A. Gersib, D. Bryant
Understanding rational numbers is critical for secondary mathematics achievement. However, students with mathematics difficulties (MD) struggle with rational number topics, including fractions, decimals, and percentages. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the instructional foci of rational number interventions, determine the overall effect size, and explore potential moderators. Forty-three studies were included and 150 effect sizes were meta-analyzed using robust variance estimation. The majority of studies focused on teaching fraction magnitude and arithmetic. An overall effect size of g = 1.02 [0.80, 1.25] was found for rational number interventions favoring treatment conditions over business as usual control. Proximal measures contributed to higher effect sizes than distal measures. Limitations included a high number of fraction interventions contributing to the overall effect size and a large amount of heterogeneity among study effect sizes.
{"title":"Rational Number Interventions for Students With Mathematics Difficulties: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Megan Rojo, S. King, Jenna A. Gersib, D. Bryant","doi":"10.1177/07419325221105520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325221105520","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding rational numbers is critical for secondary mathematics achievement. However, students with mathematics difficulties (MD) struggle with rational number topics, including fractions, decimals, and percentages. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the instructional foci of rational number interventions, determine the overall effect size, and explore potential moderators. Forty-three studies were included and 150 effect sizes were meta-analyzed using robust variance estimation. The majority of studies focused on teaching fraction magnitude and arithmetic. An overall effect size of g = 1.02 [0.80, 1.25] was found for rational number interventions favoring treatment conditions over business as usual control. Proximal measures contributed to higher effect sizes than distal measures. Limitations included a high number of fraction interventions contributing to the overall effect size and a large amount of heterogeneity among study effect sizes.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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