Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1177/07419325241262971
Allison F. Gilmour, Li Feng, Roddy Theobald
Special educator shortages have threatened the provision of services to students with disabilities since the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975, since reauthorized as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. We conducted a systematic review of studies that used administrative data to study the special educator workforce. We identified 12 studies addressing policies or practices related to the composition, distribution, or effectiveness of the special educator workforce. Together, these studies provide emerging evidence regarding policies and practices that could support the special educator workforce. We recommend that future special educator-focused research with administrative data address the composition, distribution, and effectiveness of the workforce in tandem, better attend to heterogeneity, and move from descriptive studies to studies evaluating the outcomes of specific policies.
{"title":"Leveraging Administrative Data to Study the Special Education Teacher Workforce","authors":"Allison F. Gilmour, Li Feng, Roddy Theobald","doi":"10.1177/07419325241262971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241262971","url":null,"abstract":"Special educator shortages have threatened the provision of services to students with disabilities since the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975, since reauthorized as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. We conducted a systematic review of studies that used administrative data to study the special educator workforce. We identified 12 studies addressing policies or practices related to the composition, distribution, or effectiveness of the special educator workforce. Together, these studies provide emerging evidence regarding policies and practices that could support the special educator workforce. We recommend that future special educator-focused research with administrative data address the composition, distribution, and effectiveness of the workforce in tandem, better attend to heterogeneity, and move from descriptive studies to studies evaluating the outcomes of specific policies.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1177/07419325241261055
Melissa Stoffers, Sarah Curtiss
Although individuals with intellectual disability need sex education, little is known about the instructional practices of sex educators. To fill this gap and explore how instruction is appropriate and applicable to individuals with intellectual disability, we interviewed 58 sex educators about their instruction. Using thematic analysis, we identified four themes: (a) Deciding how to individualize: “A lot of my students have receptive skills, but don’t have a lot of verbal skills. I don’t need them verbal,” (b) Applicability to real life: “I want to teach them behaviors they can use,” (c) Conceptualizations of age: “Depends on the age and how much the person’s going to understand,” and (d) Strategies and challenges of assessing practice: “I don’t know how to measure sexuality.” Study findings elucidate the lived experiences of sex educators so we might learn and better support individuals with intellectual disability.
{"title":"Understanding Appropriate and Applicable Sex Education Instruction for People With Intellectual Disability","authors":"Melissa Stoffers, Sarah Curtiss","doi":"10.1177/07419325241261055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241261055","url":null,"abstract":"Although individuals with intellectual disability need sex education, little is known about the instructional practices of sex educators. To fill this gap and explore how instruction is appropriate and applicable to individuals with intellectual disability, we interviewed 58 sex educators about their instruction. Using thematic analysis, we identified four themes: (a) Deciding how to individualize: “A lot of my students have receptive skills, but don’t have a lot of verbal skills. I don’t need them verbal,” (b) Applicability to real life: “I want to teach them behaviors they can use,” (c) Conceptualizations of age: “Depends on the age and how much the person’s going to understand,” and (d) Strategies and challenges of assessing practice: “I don’t know how to measure sexuality.” Study findings elucidate the lived experiences of sex educators so we might learn and better support individuals with intellectual disability.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1177/07419325241262444
Alyssa Barrera-Lansford, Neyda J. Sánchez
Latino/x families experience barriers when navigating and accessing special education (SPED) services. Previous research has identified some of these barriers that Latino/x families encounter and facilitators to provide support for a positive SPED experience (Rios & Burke, 2020). The purpose of this study is to continue the investigation of the barriers Latino/x families face when navigating and accessing SPED services and identify past and current recommended facilitators that ameliorate these barriers. During this investigation, the authors also considered how acculturation might contribute to the obstacles Latino/x families face. This review identified 16 eligible studies highlighting barriers and facilitators to SPED services. Barriers to navigating and acquiring SPED services included limited access to SPED knowledge, communication barriers, lack of resources, and lack of cultural understanding. Facilitators included family/caregiver education, access to resources, communication, support, cultural understanding, and teacher quality training. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
{"title":"The Barriers Encountered and Facilitators Desired: A Systematic Review of What Latino/x Families Experience Within Special Education","authors":"Alyssa Barrera-Lansford, Neyda J. Sánchez","doi":"10.1177/07419325241262444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241262444","url":null,"abstract":"Latino/x families experience barriers when navigating and accessing special education (SPED) services. Previous research has identified some of these barriers that Latino/x families encounter and facilitators to provide support for a positive SPED experience (Rios & Burke, 2020). The purpose of this study is to continue the investigation of the barriers Latino/x families face when navigating and accessing SPED services and identify past and current recommended facilitators that ameliorate these barriers. During this investigation, the authors also considered how acculturation might contribute to the obstacles Latino/x families face. This review identified 16 eligible studies highlighting barriers and facilitators to SPED services. Barriers to navigating and acquiring SPED services included limited access to SPED knowledge, communication barriers, lack of resources, and lack of cultural understanding. Facilitators included family/caregiver education, access to resources, communication, support, cultural understanding, and teacher quality training. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/07419325241260751
Lakshmi Balasubramanian, Ipshita Banerjee
Understanding inclusive education challenges in India involves acknowledging the complex linguistic, cultural, religious, and caste-based diversity affecting marginalized groups. Ambiguity surrounds implementing the inclusion concept, necessitating critical evaluation and adaptation to align with India’s unique dynamics. Despite increased enrollment (61%), concerns persist about omitting some children from inclusive education benefits, suggesting exclusivity. The 2020 National Education Policy aims for equitable opportunities, but challenges remain in implementation and access. Interchangeable terms (e.g., inclusion vs. integration) and a lack of differentiation hinder progress. Robust research on classroom practices is vital to establish effective strategies, support families, and address diverse student needs. This multifaceted issue requires consideration of India-specific contexts. India’s interpretation of inclusive education varies based on disability severity, and solutions should account for political, historical, and cultural contexts and the beliefs and experiences of disabled individuals.
{"title":"Invoking the Divine on the Path to Inclusive Education: India’s Contextual Realities","authors":"Lakshmi Balasubramanian, Ipshita Banerjee","doi":"10.1177/07419325241260751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241260751","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding inclusive education challenges in India involves acknowledging the complex linguistic, cultural, religious, and caste-based diversity affecting marginalized groups. Ambiguity surrounds implementing the inclusion concept, necessitating critical evaluation and adaptation to align with India’s unique dynamics. Despite increased enrollment (61%), concerns persist about omitting some children from inclusive education benefits, suggesting exclusivity. The 2020 National Education Policy aims for equitable opportunities, but challenges remain in implementation and access. Interchangeable terms (e.g., inclusion vs. integration) and a lack of differentiation hinder progress. Robust research on classroom practices is vital to establish effective strategies, support families, and address diverse student needs. This multifaceted issue requires consideration of India-specific contexts. India’s interpretation of inclusive education varies based on disability severity, and solutions should account for political, historical, and cultural contexts and the beliefs and experiences of disabled individuals.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/07419325241260750
Kari-Anne B. Næss, Silje Hokstad, Bjarte Reidar Furnes, Elisabeth Hesjedal, Jørn Østvik
This narrative review aims to present and discuss the Norwegian school system as a context for inclusive education. Despite its clear political intentions, Norway lacks a common definition of inclusion and has limited insight into the quality of inclusive practices that are commonly implemented for students with special education needs (SEN) and the results of such practices. This study reveals that students with SEN are often educated in segregated settings and by staff lacking educational competence. Hence, future policy actions should prioritize the development of a common terminology and a report system that includes students with SEN. As SEN resources in Norway are allocated based on a lack of satisfactory learning outcomes from mainstream education and often result in segregated actions, an increased focus on school society, learning environments, educational practices, and individual learning outcomes is required. Additional research is needed to identify practices that can promote high-quality inclusion of students in Norwegian schools.
{"title":"Inclusive Education for Students With Special Education Needs in Norway","authors":"Kari-Anne B. Næss, Silje Hokstad, Bjarte Reidar Furnes, Elisabeth Hesjedal, Jørn Østvik","doi":"10.1177/07419325241260750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241260750","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review aims to present and discuss the Norwegian school system as a context for inclusive education. Despite its clear political intentions, Norway lacks a common definition of inclusion and has limited insight into the quality of inclusive practices that are commonly implemented for students with special education needs (SEN) and the results of such practices. This study reveals that students with SEN are often educated in segregated settings and by staff lacking educational competence. Hence, future policy actions should prioritize the development of a common terminology and a report system that includes students with SEN. As SEN resources in Norway are allocated based on a lack of satisfactory learning outcomes from mainstream education and often result in segregated actions, an increased focus on school society, learning environments, educational practices, and individual learning outcomes is required. Additional research is needed to identify practices that can promote high-quality inclusion of students in Norwegian schools.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/07419325241262699
Josefina Senese, Marcus A. Winters
School choice has emerged as an alternative to traditional public education, allowing families to select schools outside their neighborhood. While extensive research has examined its impact on students overall, there is a need to focus on its specific effects on students with disabilities. This article addresses this gap by reviewing 39 quantitative studies analyzing this issue using administrative data. Twenty-eight focus on charter schools, and 18 compare differences in enrollment—usually referred to as the “SPED gap”—between sectors. However, few publications explore factors contributing to these disparities or variations in services provided and their impact on student outcomes. We propose future research should (a) explore outcomes beyond enrollment disparities, including both academic and non-academic aspects, as well as short and long-term consequences; (b) employ rigorous statistical methods; (c) broaden the scope of the investigation to encompass diverse states and contexts, as well as other choice policies.
{"title":"School Choice and Students With Disabilities: Evidence From Administrative Data","authors":"Josefina Senese, Marcus A. Winters","doi":"10.1177/07419325241262699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241262699","url":null,"abstract":"School choice has emerged as an alternative to traditional public education, allowing families to select schools outside their neighborhood. While extensive research has examined its impact on students overall, there is a need to focus on its specific effects on students with disabilities. This article addresses this gap by reviewing 39 quantitative studies analyzing this issue using administrative data. Twenty-eight focus on charter schools, and 18 compare differences in enrollment—usually referred to as the “SPED gap”—between sectors. However, few publications explore factors contributing to these disparities or variations in services provided and their impact on student outcomes. We propose future research should (a) explore outcomes beyond enrollment disparities, including both academic and non-academic aspects, as well as short and long-term consequences; (b) employ rigorous statistical methods; (c) broaden the scope of the investigation to encompass diverse states and contexts, as well as other choice policies.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/07419325241265973
Michelle M. Cumming, Yuxi Qiu, Rachel Oblath, Stacy L. Frazier, Cristina Criado, Sharde Theodore, Gabriel Placido
Middle schoolers with or at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) typically have a trajectory of difficult outcomes (e.g., school dropout, incarceration). Growing evidence suggests that the continuum of behavioral competence to challenges is closely linked to students’ neurocognitive executive function (EF) capacities, perceived stress (e.g., peers, school), and ability to navigate stressful situations; yet research with students with or at risk for EBD in middle school and from racially/ethnically under-represented backgrounds is limited. With 118 middle schoolers from a predominantly Hispanic/Latinx school district, we found (a) EF group differences among students with or at risk for EBD compared with peers without significant behaviors and (b) perceived stress and stress-regulation skills were uniquely associated with students’ internalizing and externalizing behaviors. We discuss research and practice implications.
{"title":"Perceived Stress, Executive Function, and Stress Regulation: Implications for Middle Schoolers’ Emotional and Behavioral Well-being","authors":"Michelle M. Cumming, Yuxi Qiu, Rachel Oblath, Stacy L. Frazier, Cristina Criado, Sharde Theodore, Gabriel Placido","doi":"10.1177/07419325241265973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241265973","url":null,"abstract":"Middle schoolers with or at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) typically have a trajectory of difficult outcomes (e.g., school dropout, incarceration). Growing evidence suggests that the continuum of behavioral competence to challenges is closely linked to students’ neurocognitive executive function (EF) capacities, perceived stress (e.g., peers, school), and ability to navigate stressful situations; yet research with students with or at risk for EBD in middle school and from racially/ethnically under-represented backgrounds is limited. With 118 middle schoolers from a predominantly Hispanic/Latinx school district, we found (a) EF group differences among students with or at risk for EBD compared with peers without significant behaviors and (b) perceived stress and stress-regulation skills were uniquely associated with students’ internalizing and externalizing behaviors. We discuss research and practice implications.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1177/07419325241260753
Michael L. Wehmeyer
Special education as an organized, legislatively mandated entity is roughly 50 years old in many parts of the world. Most schools around the world continue to struggle to provide inclusive education for students with disabilities, sharing common barriers and experiencing their own unique barriers. This commentary discusses international initiatives that have focused on inclusive education and proposes a fourth generation of inclusive practices that align with worldwide changes in the education system.
{"title":"A Fourth Generation of Inclusive Education: A Commentary","authors":"Michael L. Wehmeyer","doi":"10.1177/07419325241260753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241260753","url":null,"abstract":"Special education as an organized, legislatively mandated entity is roughly 50 years old in many parts of the world. Most schools around the world continue to struggle to provide inclusive education for students with disabilities, sharing common barriers and experiencing their own unique barriers. This commentary discusses international initiatives that have focused on inclusive education and proposes a fourth generation of inclusive practices that align with worldwide changes in the education system.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1177/07419325241253212
Zhe Gigi An, Hyunwoo Yang
Using data extracted from the Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the 2019 National Household Education Surveys Program, this study used a series of linear probability models to examine the association between family–school relationships and exclusionary discipline. The sample included 15,360 U.S. families of K–12 non-homeschooled and non-virtual school students. Results suggest that students with disabilities experienced significantly more expulsion and suspension and that their families were less satisfied with school and received significantly more individual contact from school for negative reasons. In addition, parent satisfaction with school and individual contacts from school to parent regarding positive behaviors or schoolwork and behavior problems were statistically significantly associated with exclusionary discipline after accounting for student characteristics, such as race, age, and gender. These associations between family–school relationships and exclusionary discipline did not differ by a student’s disability status.
{"title":"Family–School Relationships and Exclusionary Discipline of Students With and Without Disabilities","authors":"Zhe Gigi An, Hyunwoo Yang","doi":"10.1177/07419325241253212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241253212","url":null,"abstract":"Using data extracted from the Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the 2019 National Household Education Surveys Program, this study used a series of linear probability models to examine the association between family–school relationships and exclusionary discipline. The sample included 15,360 U.S. families of K–12 non-homeschooled and non-virtual school students. Results suggest that students with disabilities experienced significantly more expulsion and suspension and that their families were less satisfied with school and received significantly more individual contact from school for negative reasons. In addition, parent satisfaction with school and individual contacts from school to parent regarding positive behaviors or schoolwork and behavior problems were statistically significantly associated with exclusionary discipline after accounting for student characteristics, such as race, age, and gender. These associations between family–school relationships and exclusionary discipline did not differ by a student’s disability status.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141182451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1177/07419325241248766
Bryan G. Cook, William J. Therrien, Danielle A. Waterfield, Suzanne McClain, Jesse I. Fleming, Hannah Robinson, Latesha Watson, Joseph Boyle
Despite the importance of replication studies, previous reviews showed that they comprised less than 1% of publications in special education journals. This review conceptually replicates Lemons and colleagues’ previous review to provide updated rates of replication studies in special education journals. We identified 78 studies published in 44 special education journals between 2015 and 2022 that used the term replicat* and met our definition of replication, constituting 0.54% of all publications. Similar to previous findings, most replication studies were conceptual, successfully replicated previous results, and were conducted by one or more authors of the study being replicated. Replications with author overlap were significantly more likely to successfully reproduce the findings of the original study. Journal impact factor was significantly and positively related to journal-level replication rate. Publication rates of replications in special education journals remain similar to previous decades, suggesting that additional efforts are needed to increase the publication of replication research.
{"title":"Same as It Ever Was: An Updated Review of Replication Studies in Special Education Journals","authors":"Bryan G. Cook, William J. Therrien, Danielle A. Waterfield, Suzanne McClain, Jesse I. Fleming, Hannah Robinson, Latesha Watson, Joseph Boyle","doi":"10.1177/07419325241248766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325241248766","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the importance of replication studies, previous reviews showed that they comprised less than 1% of publications in special education journals. This review conceptually replicates Lemons and colleagues’ previous review to provide updated rates of replication studies in special education journals. We identified 78 studies published in 44 special education journals between 2015 and 2022 that used the term replicat* and met our definition of replication, constituting 0.54% of all publications. Similar to previous findings, most replication studies were conceptual, successfully replicated previous results, and were conducted by one or more authors of the study being replicated. Replications with author overlap were significantly more likely to successfully reproduce the findings of the original study. Journal impact factor was significantly and positively related to journal-level replication rate. Publication rates of replications in special education journals remain similar to previous decades, suggesting that additional efforts are needed to increase the publication of replication research.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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