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The Development of a Coaching Model: Challenges and Implications for Intervention Research 教练模式的发展:干预研究的挑战与启示
IF 2.4 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/07419325241304126
Jade Wexler, Alexandra Shelton, Elizabeth Swanson, S. Blair Payne, Robin Sayers, Tara Johnston, Erin K. Hogan, Kristabel Stark
Instructional coaching is one way to support teachers’ implementation of evidence-based practices, but gaps exist in knowledge about effective coaching interventions to support teacher learning at the secondary level. In this article, we first introduce an adaptive intervention model (AIM) for coaching, AIM Coaching, a coaching model designed for middle school instructional leaders to use to support teachers as they implement evidence-based literacy instructional practices across a Tier 1 school-wide literacy model. We also describe the theory of change that guided our work, a description of the accompanying professional development instructional leaders received, and the literacy practices that are linked to the Model for the purpose of this work. Second, we describe the challenges we encountered and decisions we made during the development process, solutions that addressed those challenges, and implications of those solutions.
教学辅导是支持教师实施循证实践的一种方式,但在支持中学教师学习的有效辅导干预方面存在知识缺口。在本文中,我们首先介绍了一种用于指导的适应性干预模型(AIM), AIM coaching,这是一种专为中学教学领导者设计的指导模型,用于支持教师在一级全校范围的扫盲模型中实施基于证据的扫盲教学实践。我们还描述了指导我们工作的变革理论,描述了伴随的专业发展教学领导者,以及为本工作的目的与该模型相关联的扫盲实践。其次,我们描述了我们在开发过程中遇到的挑战和我们做出的决定,解决这些挑战的解决方案,以及这些解决方案的含义。
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引用次数: 0
“Comfortability Comes From Seeing People Like You in Positions of Power”: Experiences of Special Education Teachers of Color “舒适来自于看到像你这样的人处于权力地位”:有色人种特殊教育教师的经历
IF 2.4 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/07419325241305589
Naima Bhana-Lopez, Jordan M. Lukins, Mary Rose Sallese, Elyse Calhoun
Recruiting and retaining special education teachers, particularly those from historically underrepresented communities, is essential for addressing the ongoing lack of representation in the field and the issues related to the disproportionate representation of students. This qualitative study builds on Scott and Alexander’s prior research investigating motivating factors for pre-service and in-service teachers joining special education, valued aspects of teacher preparation programs, and recruitment and retention influences. Using a constructivist framework, we conducted a thematic analysis of 15 participant interviews. Thirty-one themes were identified, highlighting personal connections, practicality, representation, and financial aid as key considerations for attracting and keeping teachers of color in special education. The findings emphasize the importance of these factors for teacher-preparation programs and districts aiming to enhance the presence and longevity of diverse special education teachers. Implications and future directions are also discussed.
招聘和留住特殊教育教师,特别是那些来自历史上代表性不足的社区的教师,对于解决该领域持续缺乏代表性以及与学生代表性不成比例有关的问题至关重要。本定性研究建立在Scott和Alexander之前的研究基础上,调查了职前和在职教师加入特殊教育的激励因素,教师准备计划的重要方面,以及招聘和保留的影响。使用建构主义框架,我们对15位参与者的访谈进行了专题分析。研究确定了31个主题,强调个人关系、实用性、代表性和经济援助是吸引和留住有色人种教师的关键考虑因素。研究结果强调了这些因素对教师准备计划和旨在提高不同特殊教育教师的存在和寿命的地区的重要性。讨论了研究的意义和未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Regulation and High School Graduation for Youth With and Without Disabilities in Foster Care 寄养家庭中残疾与非残疾青少年的自我调节与高中毕业
IF 2.4 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1177/07419325241302408
Wendy Cavendish, Kele Stewart, Nastasia Schreiner, Deborah Perez
High school graduation rates for youth in foster care are disproportionally low. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-regulation and high school graduation trajectory for foster youth with and without disabilities. Approximately 54% of the 37 youth in this study were on-track for on time high school graduation, although youth with disabilities were significantly less likely to be on track for graduation. Importantly, higher self-regulation skill increased the likelihood that all foster youth (with and without disabilities) were on track for graduation. Implications for school-based youth supports are discussed.
寄养青少年的高中毕业率低得不成比例。本研究的目的是考察残疾和非残疾寄养青少年的自我调节与高中毕业轨迹之间的关系。在本研究的 37 名青少年中,约有 54% 能按时完成高中学业,但残疾青少年按时完成高中学业的可能性明显较低。重要的是,自我调节能力越强,所有寄养青少年(无论是否残疾)按时毕业的可能性就越大。本文讨论了为青少年提供校本支持的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Racial and Gender Bias in School Psychologists’ Special Education Classification Considerations 学校心理学家在特殊教育分类考虑中的种族和性别偏见
IF 2.4 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1177/07419325241297341
Megan E. Golson, Jac’lyn Bera, Jiwon Kim, Shayna Williams, Maryellen Brunson McClain, Sarah E. Schwartz, Bryn Harris, Amanda L. Sullivan
For minoritized groups that disproportionately face insufficient access to clinical services, schools are often the most accessible means for formal evaluation and intervention for a range of disabilities. However, the long history of racial and gender disproportionality in special education necessitates a greater understanding of factors contributing to inaccurate identification. The current study employed a multilevel modeling framework to evaluate the influence of student race, ethnicity, and gender on school psychologists’ ( N = 229) initial special education eligibility considerations and associated confidence. The model revealed a significant four-way interaction between student race/ethnicity, student gender, participant confidence, and eligibility categories on participant likelihood ratings. These results may provide insight into the causes of the nationally documented identification disparities in schools and inform practices to reduce them. School psychologists should regularly reflect on their decision-making and work to reduce the effects of their potential biases in special education identification.
对于无法充分获得临床服务的少数群体而言,学校往往是对各种残疾进行正式评估和干预的最便捷途径。然而,特殊教育中种族和性别比例失调的问题由来已久,因此有必要进一步了解导致识别不准确的因素。本研究采用了多层次建模框架来评估学生的种族、民族和性别对学校心理学家(N = 229)初始特殊教育资格考虑和相关信心的影响。模型显示,学生种族/族裔、学生性别、参与者信心和资格类别对参与者可能性评级之间存在明显的四向交互作用。这些结果可以让我们深入了解全国范围内记录在案的学校识别差异的原因,并为减少这些差异的实践提供参考。学校心理学家应定期反思他们的决策,并努力减少他们在特殊教育鉴定中的潜在偏见的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Life After High School: The Employment Experiences of Autistic Young Adults 高中毕业后的生活:自闭症青少年的就业经历
IF 2.4 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/07419325241289534
Bonnie R. Kraemer, Lindsay F. Rentschler, Brianne Tomaszewski, Nancy McIntyre, Leann Dawalt, Kara A. Hume
The present study examined the employment landscape for 129 autistic young adults. Data were collected over multiple waves including high school and early adulthood. Parents participated in interviews and responded to questions regarding young adult employment outcomes, on-the-job supports, job match, and overall job satisfaction. The predictive relationship between in-school variables and employment outcomes was examined. Findings indicate over 50% of the sample had at least one job working independently in the community for pay. Parents reported the need for both formal and informal support to both obtain and sustain employment. Over half of the parents reported that the young adult’s job was aligned with their interests/strengths and that the young adult was satisfied. Predictive analyses indicated a relationship between work-based learning experiences in high school and general education involvement during high school and later paid employment in adulthood. Future research, limitations, and implications for practice are discussed.
本研究调查了 129 名患有自闭症的年轻人的就业情况。数据是在高中和成年早期等多个阶段收集的。家长参与了访谈,并回答了有关青壮年就业结果、在职支持、工作匹配度和总体工作满意度的问题。研究了校内变量与就业结果之间的预测关系。研究结果表明,50% 以上的抽样调查对象在社区至少有一份独立的有偿工作。家长们报告说,他们需要正规和非正规的支持来获得和维持就业。半数以上的家长表示,青少年的工作符合他们的兴趣/特长,而且青少年对工作感到满意。预测分析表明,高中阶段基于工作的学习经历和高中阶段参与的普通教育与成年后的有偿就业之间存在关系。本文讨论了未来的研究、局限性和对实践的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Implications of What Works Clearinghouse Guidelines on Single-Case Design: An Investigation of Empty Training Phases What Works Clearinghouse Guidelines 对单一案例设计的影响:空培训阶段调查
IF 2.4 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/07419325241287935
Derek B. Rodgers, Seth A. King
The What Works Clearinghouse quality standards provide guidance regarding studies capable of supporting evidence-based practices. Standards concerning single-case designs have been extensively revised to accommodate new evaluation methods, such as the design comparable effect size. These designs often omit data in which children and other participants receive training. Recently, the What Works Clearinghouse suggested studies with such “empty training phases” do not meet minimum standards of evidence. However, evidence regarding the effect of empty training phases on results is limited. This study used a subset of single-case design data from a recent meta-analysis to simulate studies with empty training phases. We calculated design-comparable effect sizes, evaluated differences between simulated and unsimulated data, and conducted random effects meta-analyses. Effects of simulated studies with artificially designed empty training phases were nearly four times as large as effects of the original, unaltered data. Guidance for intervention researchers follows a description of findings.
What Works Clearinghouse 质量标准为能够支持循证实践的研究提供了指导。为了适应新的评估方法,如设计可比较的效果大小,对有关单一案例设计的标准进行了广泛的修订。这些设计往往忽略了儿童和其他参与者接受培训的数据。最近,"有效信息交流中心"(What Works Clearinghouse)建议,带有这种 "空洞的培训阶段 "的研究不符合最低证据标准。然而,有关空培训阶段对结果影响的证据非常有限。本研究使用了最近一项荟萃分析中的单例设计数据子集来模拟空洞训练阶段的研究。我们计算了设计可比效应大小,评估了模拟数据与非模拟数据之间的差异,并进行了随机效应荟萃分析。人为设计空洞训练阶段的模拟研究的效果是原始、未改动数据效果的近四倍。在对研究结果进行描述之后,还为干预研究人员提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Grade Retention: The Role of Speech and Language Disorders, Race and Ethnicity, Sex, Socioeconomic Status, Special Education, and Bilingualism 留级:言语和语言障碍、种族和民族、性别、社会经济地位、特殊教育和双语的作用
IF 2.4 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/07419325241274574
Ai Leen Choo, Caleb J. King, Brian Barger
The odds of grade retention for children with speech or language disorders were assessed using data from the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH), a nationally representative and cross-sectional survey of U.S. children from 2016 to 2021. Various demographic, social, and education variables were also examined to confirm prior findings with a large national cohort. Results indicate higher odds of retention for children who were identified with speech and language disorders, from marginalized racial and ethnic groups, boys, from lower socioeconomic households, and in special education. Bilingual children had lower odds of retention. Teachers and speech-language pathologists need to recognize that the odds of grade retention and related outcomes, such as not completing high school, could be compounded for children with speech and language disorders.
我们利用全国儿童健康调查(NSCH)的数据评估了患有言语或语言障碍的儿童留级的几率,该调查是 2016 年至 2021 年期间对美国儿童进行的一项具有全国代表性的横断面调查。此外,还对各种人口、社会和教育变量进行了研究,以便通过一个庞大的全国队列来证实之前的研究结果。结果表明,被确认患有言语和语言障碍的儿童、来自边缘化种族和民族群体的儿童、男孩、来自社会经济地位较低的家庭的儿童以及接受特殊教育的儿童的留校率较高。双语儿童的留校率较低。教师和言语病理学家需要认识到,对于有言语和语言障碍的儿童来说,留级和相关结果(如无法完成高中学业)的几率可能会更大。
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引用次数: 0
Do I Belong Yet? The Relationship Between Special Education, In-School Suspension, Belonging, and Engagement 我有归属感吗?特殊教育、校内停学、归属感和参与之间的关系
IF 2.4 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/07419325241277884
Mary C. Cunningham, Logan McDermott, Rebecca A. Cruz
Students receiving special education services are disproportionately subjected to exclusionary discipline compared to their nondisabled peers. They also report feeling less connected and engaged at school, which is associated with exclusionary discipline experiences. Using data from the High School Longitudinal Study (2009), we examined the relationship between special education, in-school suspension, school belonging, and school engagement. In line with past research, we found that students who received special education services were at a higher risk of in-school suspension than their general education peers. Students with higher levels of school engagement were at a lower risk of receiving in-school suspension, regardless of special education services. However, higher levels of school belonging were associated with more suspensions for those receiving special education, while the inverse was true for nonspecial education students. Additional research is needed to understand this unique relationship and its implications for discipline and the school experiences of students with dis/abilities.
与非残疾学生相比,接受特殊教育服务的学生受到排斥性纪律处分的比例过高。他们还报告说,他们在学校的联系和参与感较弱,这与排斥性纪律经历有关。利用高中纵向研究(2009 年)的数据,我们研究了特殊教育、校内停学、学校归属感和学校参与度之间的关系。与过去的研究一致,我们发现接受特殊教育服务的学生比接受普通教育的学生面临更高的校内停学风险。学校参与度较高的学生,无论是否接受特殊教育服务,校内停学的风险都较低。然而,对于接受特殊教育的学生来说,学校归属感越高,停学的风险越大,而对于非特殊教育学生来说,情况正好相反。要了解这种独特的关系及其对纪律和残疾/残障学生在校经历的影响,还需要更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Participation in Social and Leisure Activities After High School for Autistic Young Adults 自闭症青少年高中毕业后参与社交和休闲活动的情况
IF 2.4 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/07419325241277094
Jessica R. Steinbrenner, Samuel L. Odom, Laura J. Hall, Bonnie Kraemer
The transition out of high school brings a myriad of changes including shifts in contexts that impact social and community participation. Previous research indicates that this transition results in disparate social and communication outcomes for autistic young adults compared to their peers. This study includes 170 young adults with autism who participated in follow-up data collection after graduating from U.S. high schools that had participated in a large intervention study. We gathered data from autistic young adults and their parents on social and leisure activity participation, satisfaction, and barriers. We examined data descriptively and looked at differences between sub-groups and changes over time. Results suggest that most autistic young adults are engaged in social activities. There are some differences based on high school programming but no significant differences across gender sub-groups. Research and practice implications are discussed.
高中毕业带来了无数的变化,包括影响社会和社区参与的环境变化。以往的研究表明,与同龄人相比,这种转变会导致自闭症青少年在社交和沟通方面产生不同的结果。这项研究包括 170 名患有自闭症的青少年,他们在从参与过一项大型干预研究的美国高中毕业后参与了后续数据收集。我们从自闭症青少年及其父母那里收集了有关社交和休闲活动参与情况、满意度和障碍的数据。我们对数据进行了描述性研究,并考察了不同亚群体之间的差异以及随着时间推移发生的变化。结果表明,大多数自闭症青少年都参与了社交活动。高中阶段的课程安排存在一些差异,但不同性别的子群体之间没有明显差异。本文讨论了研究和实践的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Interests, Plans, and Hopes for Life After High School From Autistic Young Adults’ Perspectives 从自闭症青少年的角度看他们对高中毕业后生活的兴趣、计划和希望
IF 2.4 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/07419325241271377
Laura J. Hall, Christopher Brum, Jessica R. Steinbrenner, Kara Hume, Gretchen Grundon, Hannah Spitzer
Obtaining the perspectives of autistic young adults is critical for planning educational and service delivery systems focused on the preparation for a high life quality after high school. The perspective and voice of autistic young adults who participated in the Center on Secondary Education for Students with Autism (CSESA) multi-site follow-up study conducted across three states (North Carolina, Wisconsin, and California) are described. Participants who exited high school or were enrolled in a district transition program responded to short-answer items on a Young Adult Questionnaire and Interview ( n = 148) and completed the Adolescent and Young Adult Activity Card Sort (Berg, 2015; n = 150) to address research questions about their current interests, future plans, and perceived barriers to fulfilling future plans using descriptive statistics and coding of interview responses. The young adults report current engagement in leisure activities, and 79% seek a job change and the opportunity to date and engage in a long-term relationship.
了解自闭症青少年的观点对于规划教育和服务体系至关重要,这些体系的重点是为高中毕业后的高质量生活做准备。本文介绍了参与自闭症学生中等教育中心(CSESA)多站点跟踪研究的自闭症青少年的观点和心声,该研究在三个州(北卡罗来纳州、威斯康星州和加利福尼亚州)进行。高中毕业或参加了地区过渡项目的参与者回答了 "青少年问卷和访谈"(148 人)中的简答题,并完成了 "青少年活动卡分类"(Berg,2015 年;150 人),通过描述性统计和对访谈回答的编码,回答了有关其当前兴趣、未来计划以及实现未来计划的感知障碍等研究问题。这些年轻人报告说,他们目前参与休闲活动,79%的人希望更换工作,并有机会约会和建立长期关系。
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引用次数: 0
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Remedial and Special Education
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