In the current work, we adapt the investment model of commitment processes for single adults. Across two cross-sectional studies using undergraduate and internet samples (total N = 647), we tested whether the same factors that predict relationship commitment (investment, satisfaction, and quality of alternatives) also predict commitment to singlehood. In line with this theoretical model, we found that singlehood satisfaction and investment in singlehood were each positively associated with commitment to singlehood, whereas the quality of alternatives to singlehood was negatively associated with commitment to singlehood. We also found that a person's expected satisfaction and planned investment were each associated with commitment to singlehood, whereas subjective norms were not associated with commitment to singlehood. In addition, we tested whether commitment to singlehood was positively associated with well-being, but these associations were nonsignificant. Our findings provide initial evidence for the appropriateness of the investment model for understanding commitment to being single.
{"title":"Committed to staying single: Adapting the investment model of commitment processes to study singlehood","authors":"Emily T. Beauparlant, Laura V. Machia, Jeewon Oh","doi":"10.1111/pere.12524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12524","url":null,"abstract":"In the current work, we adapt the investment model of commitment processes for single adults. Across two cross-sectional studies using undergraduate and internet samples (total <i>N</i> = 647), we tested whether the same factors that predict relationship commitment (investment, satisfaction, and quality of alternatives) also predict commitment to singlehood. In line with this theoretical model, we found that singlehood satisfaction and investment in singlehood were each positively associated with commitment to singlehood, whereas the quality of alternatives to singlehood was negatively associated with commitment to singlehood. We also found that a person's expected satisfaction and planned investment were each associated with commitment to singlehood, whereas subjective norms were not associated with commitment to singlehood. In addition, we tested whether commitment to singlehood was positively associated with well-being, but these associations were nonsignificant. Our findings provide initial evidence for the appropriateness of the investment model for understanding commitment to being single.","PeriodicalId":48077,"journal":{"name":"PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS","volume":"14 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edwin Adrianta Surijah, Kate Murray, Darren Wraith, Ian Shochet
Marriage is an important milestone for many adults, and notably in Indonesia, where marriage is also considered a personal accomplishment and social obligation. Research has found being married is associated with greater well-being, but marriages also face challenges. Resilience, defined as successfully adapting to challenges, is a potential concept to help married individuals maintain or regain adaptation despite challenges in marriages. This is the first relationship study in Indonesia to examine resilience trajectories as represented by marital satisfaction. A weekly repeated measure design was conducted among 135 Indonesian married individuals. Participants reported their experiences of intradyadic and extradyadic stress, and marital satisfaction over 6 weeks. Growth mixture modeling and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine unobserved marital satisfaction trajectories and to estimate the impact of intradyadic and extradyadic stress on trajectory membership. Results suggested three unobserved trajectories: high, moderate, and low levels of marital satisfaction. Higher levels of intradyadic and extradyadic stress increased the probability of belonging to lower satisfaction trajectories. This evidence could be invaluable in helping Indonesian married individuals to better adapt to challenges they face. Future studies can explore protective factors associated with a high satisfaction trajectory to assist married Indonesians in successfully adapting to stress.
{"title":"Examining trajectories of marital satisfaction to represent the resilience process among Indonesian married individuals","authors":"Edwin Adrianta Surijah, Kate Murray, Darren Wraith, Ian Shochet","doi":"10.1111/pere.12529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12529","url":null,"abstract":"Marriage is an important milestone for many adults, and notably in Indonesia, where marriage is also considered a personal accomplishment and social obligation. Research has found being married is associated with greater well-being, but marriages also face challenges. Resilience, defined as successfully adapting to challenges, is a potential concept to help married individuals maintain or regain adaptation despite challenges in marriages. This is the first relationship study in Indonesia to examine resilience trajectories as represented by marital satisfaction. A weekly repeated measure design was conducted among 135 Indonesian married individuals. Participants reported their experiences of intradyadic and extradyadic stress, and marital satisfaction over 6 weeks. Growth mixture modeling and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine unobserved marital satisfaction trajectories and to estimate the impact of intradyadic and extradyadic stress on trajectory membership. Results suggested three unobserved trajectories: high, moderate, and low levels of marital satisfaction. Higher levels of intradyadic and extradyadic stress increased the probability of belonging to lower satisfaction trajectories. This evidence could be invaluable in helping Indonesian married individuals to better adapt to challenges they face. Future studies can explore protective factors associated with a high satisfaction trajectory to assist married Indonesians in successfully adapting to stress.","PeriodicalId":48077,"journal":{"name":"PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamara Luginbuehl, Dominik Schoebi, Pei Hwa Goh, John V. Miller, Joanne Davila
Despite extensive research on depression and couple interactions, little is known about how depressed mood influences couples' experience of everyday life interactions. In this study, data were gathered from 72 different-gender couples (N = 144 individuals), who reported their feelings, behavior, and perceptions of their partner's behavior several times a day over 14 days. The study revealed that when individuals reported feeling more depressed, they perceived their romantic partner's behavior as more distant and hurtful, and they felt treated worse and more rejected. Moreover, when individuals reported feeling more depressed, their romantic partners perceived them as more distant, and they reported feeling treated worse and more rejected. However, depressed mood did not predict subsequent relationship perceptions in time-lagged associations, and the directionality from relationship perceptions to depressed mood was inconclusive.
{"title":"Depressed mood and perception of negative partner behavior in couple interactions: A daily diary study","authors":"Tamara Luginbuehl, Dominik Schoebi, Pei Hwa Goh, John V. Miller, Joanne Davila","doi":"10.1111/pere.12528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12528","url":null,"abstract":"Despite extensive research on depression and couple interactions, little is known about how depressed mood influences couples' experience of everyday life interactions. In this study, data were gathered from 72 different-gender couples (<i>N</i> = 144 individuals), who reported their feelings, behavior, and perceptions of their partner's behavior several times a day over 14 days. The study revealed that when individuals reported feeling more depressed, they perceived their romantic partner's behavior as more distant and hurtful, and they felt treated worse and more rejected. Moreover, when individuals reported feeling more depressed, their romantic partners perceived them as more distant, and they reported feeling treated worse and more rejected. However, depressed mood did not predict subsequent relationship perceptions in time-lagged associations, and the directionality from relationship perceptions to depressed mood was inconclusive.","PeriodicalId":48077,"journal":{"name":"PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS","volume":"82 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extant jealousy models explain cases of reactive jealousy, which occurs in response to a partner's unambiguous romantic or sexual involvement with a rival from the present. However, they likely cannot explain cases of retroactive romantic jealousy, which is evoked in response to information about a partner's previous romantic or sexual experiences that occurred before the primary relationship began. Some prior theoretical speculation and research suggest that a sense of specialness may be threatened in jealousy‐evoking situations involving either a partner's current or past romantic activities. The idea that jealousy stems from a threat to expectations of specialness is consistent with a broader model of threat, the meaning maintenance model (MMM). The main purpose of this study was to experimentally test MMM predictions in the context of both reactive and retroactive jealousy alongside of predictions derived from extant jealousy models. The study examined the role of attachment as well. Results indicate expectations of specialness were threatened in experiences of both types of jealousy, and a threat to specialness was the only type of threat perceived for retroactive jealousy. The results also help clarify previous findings regarding attachment and romantic jealousy.
{"title":"An examination of specialness meaning framework threat in reactive and retroactive romantic jealousy experiences","authors":"Jessica R. Frampton","doi":"10.1111/pere.12526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12526","url":null,"abstract":"Extant jealousy models explain cases of reactive jealousy, which occurs in response to a partner's unambiguous romantic or sexual involvement with a rival from the present. However, they likely cannot explain cases of retroactive romantic jealousy, which is evoked in response to information about a partner's previous romantic or sexual experiences that occurred before the primary relationship began. Some prior theoretical speculation and research suggest that a sense of specialness may be threatened in jealousy‐evoking situations involving either a partner's current or past romantic activities. The idea that jealousy stems from a threat to expectations of specialness is consistent with a broader model of threat, the meaning maintenance model (MMM). The main purpose of this study was to experimentally test MMM predictions in the context of both reactive and retroactive jealousy alongside of predictions derived from extant jealousy models. The study examined the role of attachment as well. Results indicate expectations of specialness were threatened in experiences of both types of jealousy, and a threat to specialness was the only type of threat perceived for retroactive jealousy. The results also help clarify previous findings regarding attachment and romantic jealousy.","PeriodicalId":48077,"journal":{"name":"PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS","volume":"3 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Secrets are prominent in close relationships. Most research has examined people's general tendencies to share secrets or single instances of secret‐keeping or secret‐sharing. These methods limit what we know about how keeping and sharing secrets across time in established close relationships is associated with important relationship characteristics. This research focused on the role that secret exchanges play in how people assess relational closeness and social utility (i.e., being a valuable social connection) in friendships. Across 10 weeks, participants ( N = 126) reported bi‐weekly on sharing and receiving personal and secondhand secrets (i.e., third‐party secrets) with three friends. We found that sharing and receiving more personal secrets were robustly associated with higher closeness and social utility. The findings on secondhand secret‐sharing were more complex, suggesting that receiving secondhand secrets from friends and sharing secondhand secrets with friends were differentially associated with closeness and social utility when comparing short‐term versus cumulative effects. Results are discussed in terms of how secret‐sharing behaviors are dynamically associated with close relationship qualities.
{"title":"Just between us…: The role of sharing and receiving secrets in friendship across time","authors":"Alisa Bedrov, Shelly L. Gable","doi":"10.1111/pere.12527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12527","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Secrets are prominent in close relationships. Most research has examined people's general tendencies to share secrets or single instances of secret‐keeping or secret‐sharing. These methods limit what we know about how keeping and sharing secrets across time in established close relationships is associated with important relationship characteristics. This research focused on the role that secret exchanges play in how people assess relational closeness and social utility (i.e., being a valuable social connection) in friendships. Across 10 weeks, participants ( N = 126) reported bi‐weekly on sharing and receiving personal and secondhand secrets (i.e., third‐party secrets) with three friends. We found that sharing and receiving more personal secrets were robustly associated with higher closeness and social utility. The findings on secondhand secret‐sharing were more complex, suggesting that receiving secondhand secrets from friends and sharing secondhand secrets with friends were differentially associated with closeness and social utility when comparing short‐term versus cumulative effects. Results are discussed in terms of how secret‐sharing behaviors are dynamically associated with close relationship qualities.","PeriodicalId":48077,"journal":{"name":"PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer M. Belus, Abigail C. Hines, Jessica F. Magidson, Derek K. Iwamoto, Alexandra L. Rose, Alison Li, Ruanne V. Barnabas, Alastair van Heerden
Abstract Intimate partners play an important role in chronic diseases. Despite the chronic disease burden in sub‐Saharan Africa, very few culturally relevant quantitative measures of intimate relationship functioning are available. We conducted an empirical investigation evaluating the psychometric properties of the South African Relationship Functioning Assessment (SARFA) assessing healthy relationship functioning in N = 150 community members (50% women; M age = 27.2 years) living in the Vulindlela area of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Item development was based on prior qualitative research from two South African communities. All assessments were conducted in isiZulu, participants' primary language. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the initial 39‐item measure. The best‐fitting model consisted of one factor with 22 items. The SARFA's internal consistency was α = .94. Convergent validity was observed via significant positive associations (all r s ≥ .38, p < .001) between the SARFA's total score and measures of trust, emotional intimacy, constructive communication, sexual satisfaction, and relationship control (women only). Divergent validity was observed for women only. Encouraging initial psychometric properties of a culturally relevant measure of relationship functioning in KwaZulu‐Natal may have relevance to other communities and potential to be used in research involving couples and health in chronic disease‐burdened communities.
{"title":"Development and empirical test of the research‐informed South African Relationship Functioning Assessment (<scp>SARFA</scp>)","authors":"Jennifer M. Belus, Abigail C. Hines, Jessica F. Magidson, Derek K. Iwamoto, Alexandra L. Rose, Alison Li, Ruanne V. Barnabas, Alastair van Heerden","doi":"10.1111/pere.12522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12522","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intimate partners play an important role in chronic diseases. Despite the chronic disease burden in sub‐Saharan Africa, very few culturally relevant quantitative measures of intimate relationship functioning are available. We conducted an empirical investigation evaluating the psychometric properties of the South African Relationship Functioning Assessment (SARFA) assessing healthy relationship functioning in N = 150 community members (50% women; M age = 27.2 years) living in the Vulindlela area of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Item development was based on prior qualitative research from two South African communities. All assessments were conducted in isiZulu, participants' primary language. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the initial 39‐item measure. The best‐fitting model consisted of one factor with 22 items. The SARFA's internal consistency was α = .94. Convergent validity was observed via significant positive associations (all r s ≥ .38, p < .001) between the SARFA's total score and measures of trust, emotional intimacy, constructive communication, sexual satisfaction, and relationship control (women only). Divergent validity was observed for women only. Encouraging initial psychometric properties of a culturally relevant measure of relationship functioning in KwaZulu‐Natal may have relevance to other communities and potential to be used in research involving couples and health in chronic disease‐burdened communities.","PeriodicalId":48077,"journal":{"name":"PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trenton C. Johanis, Claire E. Midgley, Penelope Lockwood
Abstract Past research suggests that people who use the Internet to pursue romantic relationships have been stereotyped negatively—as unattractive, desperate, or creepy. It is possible, however, that as finding dates online has grown in popularity, individuals who have themselves used online methods to meet a partner are less likely to apply these negative stereotypes than non‐users. In addition, as options for dating online have proliferated, it is not clear that users of all online formats are viewed negatively, or how perceptions of users of online methods might differ from perceptions of daters using various offline methods. This study examined perceptions of those who use various online (algorithm‐based, profile‐browsing, or social media) and offline (meeting through family/friends, luck, groups, work, or going out) methods to meet a partner. Participants ( N = 214), who were themselves users or non‐users of online methods of meeting partners, were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk system to complete online questionnaires. Results indicated that participants viewed individuals who used online methods more negatively than those using offline methods; however, individuals who had themselves used online methods viewed other online users more positively than did non‐users.
{"title":"Desperate or desirable? Perceptions of individuals seeking dates online and offline","authors":"Trenton C. Johanis, Claire E. Midgley, Penelope Lockwood","doi":"10.1111/pere.12523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12523","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Past research suggests that people who use the Internet to pursue romantic relationships have been stereotyped negatively—as unattractive, desperate, or creepy. It is possible, however, that as finding dates online has grown in popularity, individuals who have themselves used online methods to meet a partner are less likely to apply these negative stereotypes than non‐users. In addition, as options for dating online have proliferated, it is not clear that users of all online formats are viewed negatively, or how perceptions of users of online methods might differ from perceptions of daters using various offline methods. This study examined perceptions of those who use various online (algorithm‐based, profile‐browsing, or social media) and offline (meeting through family/friends, luck, groups, work, or going out) methods to meet a partner. Participants ( N = 214), who were themselves users or non‐users of online methods of meeting partners, were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk system to complete online questionnaires. Results indicated that participants viewed individuals who used online methods more negatively than those using offline methods; however, individuals who had themselves used online methods viewed other online users more positively than did non‐users.","PeriodicalId":48077,"journal":{"name":"PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda Denes, John P. Crowley, Jessica Gasiorek, Anuraj Dhillon, Margaret Bennett‐Brown, Kara L. Winkler, Ambyre L. P. Ponivas
Abstract How couples communicate during conflict interactions can have important implications for their relational well‐being. The theory of resilience and relational load provides a valuable lens for exploring the associations among couples' language use during conflict conversations and the extent to which such conversations are perceived as threatening to one's relationship, as well as whether genetic markers moderate such associations. Forty‐seven mixed‐sex couples had a conversation about a topic causing conflict in their relationship and provided saliva samples that were tested for their genotype (GG, AA, or AG) for oxytocin receptor gene rs53576. The results revealed that neither the use of communal language nor positive emotion words were associated with perceiving the conversation as less threatening to their relationship. Genetic variation did not moderate the associations with either positive emotion word use or communal language. However, a three‐way interaction between sex, OXTR, and positive emotion word use emerged in the post hoc analyses, indicating that positive emotion word use was negatively associated with threat appraisals for women with a GG genotype, and positively associated with threat appraisals for men with a GG genotype. Implications for mixed‐sex couples' communication and research on language use during conflict conversations are discussed.
{"title":"Exploring linguistic markers, threat appraisals, and genetic variation during <scp>mixed‐sex</scp> couples' conflict conversations","authors":"Amanda Denes, John P. Crowley, Jessica Gasiorek, Anuraj Dhillon, Margaret Bennett‐Brown, Kara L. Winkler, Ambyre L. P. Ponivas","doi":"10.1111/pere.12525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12525","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How couples communicate during conflict interactions can have important implications for their relational well‐being. The theory of resilience and relational load provides a valuable lens for exploring the associations among couples' language use during conflict conversations and the extent to which such conversations are perceived as threatening to one's relationship, as well as whether genetic markers moderate such associations. Forty‐seven mixed‐sex couples had a conversation about a topic causing conflict in their relationship and provided saliva samples that were tested for their genotype (GG, AA, or AG) for oxytocin receptor gene rs53576. The results revealed that neither the use of communal language nor positive emotion words were associated with perceiving the conversation as less threatening to their relationship. Genetic variation did not moderate the associations with either positive emotion word use or communal language. However, a three‐way interaction between sex, OXTR, and positive emotion word use emerged in the post hoc analyses, indicating that positive emotion word use was negatively associated with threat appraisals for women with a GG genotype, and positively associated with threat appraisals for men with a GG genotype. Implications for mixed‐sex couples' communication and research on language use during conflict conversations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48077,"journal":{"name":"PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS","volume":"609 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menelaos Apostolou, Mark Sullman, Béla Birkás, Agata Błachnio, Ekaterina Bushina, Fran Calvo, William Costello, Tanja Dujlovic, Tetiana Hill, Yanina Lisun, Denisse Manrique‐Millones, Oscar Manrique‐Pino, Norbert Meskó, Martin Nechtelberger, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Christian Kenji Ollhoff, Aneta Przepiórka, Ádám Putz, Mariaelena Tagliabue, Burcu Tekeş, Andrew Thomas, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Yan Wang, Paula Wright, Sílvia Font‐Mayolas
Abstract The current research aimed to study the strategies that people employ in order to become more desirable as mates in different cultural settings. More specifically, using a closed‐ended questionnaire on a sample of 7181 participants from 14 different countries, we identified 10 different strategies that people employ to become more appealing as mates. Participants indicated that they had more frequently used the “Enhance looks,” followed by the “Show off abilities and talents,” and the “Demonstrate similarity” strategies. On the other hand, they had less frequently used the “Keep undesirable things hidden,” the “Show off and exaggerate wealth and abilities,” and the “Drastic appearance changes” strategies. Female participants indicated that they had more extensive used the “Enhance looks” strategy than male participants, while male participants indicated that they had more extensive used the “Increase income and social status” and the “Show off and exaggerate wealth and abilities” strategies than female participants. The sex effects, as well as the extent of use, were generally consistent across the different cultures. The identified strategies were classified further into two main strategies, namely the “Develop and demonstrate desirable traits” and the “Deceive about undesirable traits,” which was generally consistent across the different countries.
{"title":"Strategies for becoming a more desirable mate: Evidence from 14 countries","authors":"Menelaos Apostolou, Mark Sullman, Béla Birkás, Agata Błachnio, Ekaterina Bushina, Fran Calvo, William Costello, Tanja Dujlovic, Tetiana Hill, Yanina Lisun, Denisse Manrique‐Millones, Oscar Manrique‐Pino, Norbert Meskó, Martin Nechtelberger, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Christian Kenji Ollhoff, Aneta Przepiórka, Ádám Putz, Mariaelena Tagliabue, Burcu Tekeş, Andrew Thomas, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Yan Wang, Paula Wright, Sílvia Font‐Mayolas","doi":"10.1111/pere.12521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12521","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current research aimed to study the strategies that people employ in order to become more desirable as mates in different cultural settings. More specifically, using a closed‐ended questionnaire on a sample of 7181 participants from 14 different countries, we identified 10 different strategies that people employ to become more appealing as mates. Participants indicated that they had more frequently used the “Enhance looks,” followed by the “Show off abilities and talents,” and the “Demonstrate similarity” strategies. On the other hand, they had less frequently used the “Keep undesirable things hidden,” the “Show off and exaggerate wealth and abilities,” and the “Drastic appearance changes” strategies. Female participants indicated that they had more extensive used the “Enhance looks” strategy than male participants, while male participants indicated that they had more extensive used the “Increase income and social status” and the “Show off and exaggerate wealth and abilities” strategies than female participants. The sex effects, as well as the extent of use, were generally consistent across the different cultures. The identified strategies were classified further into two main strategies, namely the “Develop and demonstrate desirable traits” and the “Deceive about undesirable traits,” which was generally consistent across the different countries.","PeriodicalId":48077,"journal":{"name":"PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1111/pere.12499
William J Chopik, Jeewon Oh, Sneha R Challa, Hannah L Hua, Julia M Maahs, Jacqui Smith
Childhood experiences and impressions are important for individuals' health and well-being-they often set the stage for how people approach relationships across the lifespan and how they make sense of their relational worlds. However, impressions of these experiences are likely not static and can change over time, even years after these experiences happened. The current study examined how impressions of parental relationships in childhood changed over time and predictors of these changes among older adults followed over a four-year period (N = 2,692; Mage = 66.67, SD = 9.15; 64.1% women). Childhood impressions of parental care were mostly stable over time, with 53.5-65.0% of participants reporting consistent impressions. Becoming divorced/separated as an adult was associated with more negative impressions about relationships with fathers in the past. Having a mother pass away was associated with more positive impressions of mothers' caregiving when participants were children. Higher depressive symptoms at follow-up were associated with darker perceptions of the past-more negative impressions of mothers and fathers as caregivers. The current study is one of the most comprehensive studies of late-life changes in childhood impressions to date, providing future directions for studying the organization of relational experiences and recollection over time.
{"title":"Changes in childhood caregiving impressions among middle-aged and older adults.","authors":"William J Chopik, Jeewon Oh, Sneha R Challa, Hannah L Hua, Julia M Maahs, Jacqui Smith","doi":"10.1111/pere.12499","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pere.12499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood experiences and impressions are important for individuals' health and well-being-they often set the stage for how people approach relationships across the lifespan and how they make sense of their relational worlds. However, impressions of these experiences are likely not static and can change over time, even years after these experiences happened. The current study examined how impressions of parental relationships in childhood changed over time and predictors of these changes among older adults followed over a four-year period (<i>N</i> = 2,692; <i>M</i> <sub><i>age</i></sub> = 66.67, <i>SD</i> = 9.15; 64.1% women). Childhood impressions of parental care were mostly stable over time, with 53.5-65.0% of participants reporting consistent impressions. Becoming divorced/separated as an adult was associated with more negative impressions about relationships with fathers in the past. Having a mother pass away was associated with more positive impressions of mothers' caregiving when participants were children. Higher depressive symptoms at follow-up were associated with darker perceptions of the past-more negative impressions of mothers and fathers as caregivers. The current study is one of the most comprehensive studies of late-life changes in childhood impressions to date, providing future directions for studying the organization of relational experiences and recollection over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48077,"journal":{"name":"PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS","volume":" ","pages":"913-938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46708687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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