Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/01622439241283060
Donghyun Koo
This paper proposes an investigation of how enacting infrastructure is intertwined with historically specific processes of constructing the public, which necessitates a focus on the co-production of public problems and the public, and the establishment of infrastructural connections. Intervening in the context where reflexive planning and design methodologies are deployed to implement urban regeneration through public engagement (what I call “designerly intervention”), this paper investigates what type of collectivity is constituted as infrastructural publics by designerly interventions and what forms of rights they can have. Drawing on ethnographic accounts of urban regeneration in Seoul, it shows how designerly interventions mobilize residents as possessing a novel form of expertise, as “resident-experts” who can design a sustainable city, problematizing the renewal of the worn-out infrastructure as how to stimulate the resilience of a city. This results in an infrastructural connection that focuses on immediate results and the ordinary scale of urban regeneration, which enacts the rights of the public as city-users’ rights, namely not as rights protected by law but as a practical capacity that infrastructural devices in everyday life provide. This paper explores how designerly interventions invoke an experimental approach that opens up the normative questions of public engagement with planning.
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Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/01622439241283058
Myriam Durocher
In this paper, I look at two different sets of practices that are part of the risk management apparatus in place in Québec & Canada to apprehend and control risks associated with food consumption. More specifically, I contrast diabetes and chemical contaminants risk management testing practices, so as to compare how both frame and approach risks, in a context where recent research in social sciences, epigenetics and environmental sciences increasingly points to “environmental” pathways of disease causation while many chronic conditions remain highly individualized in public and health discourses. The analysis pays close attention to the different temporalities discursively created, considered, and neglected in these practices in order to understand how risk is approached and worked on. This highlights the power relations that inform how we care (or not) for (certain) bodies, inflecting in particular ways their—uneven—becomings. I argue that the Canadian biotechnological apparatus of testing practices meant to apprehend and control diet-related risks contributes to foreclosing the temporalities of health and illness considered and acted upon. As such, the apparatus contributes to (re)producing inequalities, here mostly health related ones, as well as creating differentiated biological materialities.
{"title":"What's in the Blood? Temporalities at Play in Diet-Related Risk Management Testing Practices","authors":"Myriam Durocher","doi":"10.1177/01622439241283058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241283058","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I look at two different sets of practices that are part of the risk management apparatus in place in Québec & Canada to apprehend and control risks associated with food consumption. More specifically, I contrast diabetes and chemical contaminants risk management testing practices, so as to compare how both frame and approach risks, in a context where recent research in social sciences, epigenetics and environmental sciences increasingly points to “environmental” pathways of disease causation while many chronic conditions remain highly individualized in public and health discourses. The analysis pays close attention to the different temporalities discursively created, considered, and neglected in these practices in order to understand how risk is approached and worked on. This highlights the power relations that inform how we care (or not) for (certain) bodies, inflecting in particular ways their—uneven—becomings. I argue that the Canadian biotechnological apparatus of testing practices meant to apprehend and control diet-related risks contributes to foreclosing the temporalities of health and illness considered and acted upon. As such, the apparatus contributes to (re)producing inequalities, here mostly health related ones, as well as creating differentiated biological materialities.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1177/01622439241278377
Cristobal Bonelli, Martina Gamba
Amid the push for decarbonization and the rise of lithium-ion batteries, global demand for lithium urges an examination of its materiality. Drawing on Barry's chemical geography, which gathers various concerns related to the study of chemicals in the field, and Bachelard's meta-chemical proposal, which challenges a substantialist understanding of chemicals, we propose an experimental alliance between a chemist and an anthropologist concerned with different ways of problematizing lithium's materiality. Guided by a commitment to Latin American territories and embracing a slow science ethos, we seek to foster a sense of responsibility rooted in the material genealogy of chemical substances. Through ethnographic analysis of lithium extraction practices in the Salar de Atacama, Chile, and examination of lithium behaviors in materials chemistry laboratories in Argentina and Europe, we establish a partial connection between lithium chemical labs and underground ancestral lithium brines. Ultimately, we envision futures that acknowledge the ancestral origins of Latin American undergrounds, resisting the univocity of a future-oriented, battery-ion age. In so doing, we endeavor to cultivate a mode of attention concerned with place and deep-time materiality, challenging lineal illusions of progress while embracing the complexities of our planetary present and past.
随着去碳化的推进和锂离子电池的兴起，全球对锂的需求促使我们对其物质性进行研究。巴里的 "化学地理学 "汇集了与化学领域研究相关的各种关注点，巴赫拉的 "元化学 "建议则挑战了对化学物质的实质性理解。我们致力于拉美地区，秉承慢科学精神，努力培养植根于化学物质物质谱系的责任感。通过对智利阿塔卡马盐湖（Salar de Atacama）锂开采实践的人种学分析，以及对阿根廷和欧洲材料化学实验室锂行为的研究，我们在锂化学实验室和地下祖先锂盐湖之间建立了部分联系。最终，我们设想的未来是承认拉丁美洲地下水的祖先起源，抵制面向未来的电池离子时代的单一性。在这样做的过程中，我们努力培养一种关注地点和深层时间物质性的关注模式，挑战进步的线性幻想，同时拥抱我们地球现在和过去的复杂性。
{"title":"Underground Roots for Ancestral Futures: Exploring Lithium Through an Experimental Alliance between Chemistry and Anthropology","authors":"Cristobal Bonelli, Martina Gamba","doi":"10.1177/01622439241278377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241278377","url":null,"abstract":"Amid the push for decarbonization and the rise of lithium-ion batteries, global demand for lithium urges an examination of its materiality. Drawing on Barry's chemical geography, which gathers various concerns related to the study of chemicals in the field, and Bachelard's meta-chemical proposal, which challenges a substantialist understanding of chemicals, we propose an experimental alliance between a chemist and an anthropologist concerned with different ways of problematizing lithium's materiality. Guided by a commitment to Latin American territories and embracing a slow science ethos, we seek to foster a sense of responsibility rooted in the material genealogy of chemical substances. Through ethnographic analysis of lithium extraction practices in the Salar de Atacama, Chile, and examination of lithium behaviors in materials chemistry laboratories in Argentina and Europe, we establish a partial connection between lithium chemical labs and underground ancestral lithium brines. Ultimately, we envision futures that acknowledge the ancestral origins of Latin American undergrounds, resisting the univocity of a future-oriented, battery-ion age. In so doing, we endeavor to cultivate a mode of attention concerned with place and deep-time materiality, challenging lineal illusions of progress while embracing the complexities of our planetary present and past.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1177/01622439241282477
Nelly Oudshoorn
This essay is part of a Thematic Collection of Science, Technology & Human Values on the work of Adele E. Clarke (1945–2024).
这篇文章是关于阿黛尔-克拉克（Adele E. Clarke，1945-2024 年）作品的《科学、技术与人类价值》专题文集的一部分。
{"title":"Reflections on an Inclusive Boundary Worker","authors":"Nelly Oudshoorn","doi":"10.1177/01622439241282477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241282477","url":null,"abstract":"This essay is part of a Thematic Collection of Science, Technology & Human Values on the work of Adele E. Clarke (1945–2024).","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1177/01622439241279622
Kjersti Aalbu
This article explores the entanglements of the making of data and climate regulations at a specialized UN agency, the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Based on observant participation, document analysis, and interviews, I examine the politics of making and remaking a new data infrastructure—the Data Collection System (DCS)—and how the limitations and hopes invested in this infrastructure shape the global governance of greenhouse gas emissions in international shipping. I analyze how the DCS shapes the design and pacing of new regulations based on what data are available and when they are available, and how at the same time the politics and regulatory process of the IMO shapes the making and remaking of the DCS and how the data can be used. I unpack the politics that unfold when the production of data and regulations are coupled but are out of sync and shed light on the present and future roles of data in international negotiations. As the DCS and regulatory development at the IMO become entangled, I argue this creates a form of governance-through-data which slows down the regulatory process but nonetheless supports consensus-building among parties at a time marked by deep political tensions.
{"title":"Out of Sync: The Making and Remaking of Data and Regulations on Greenhouse Gases at the International Maritime Organization","authors":"Kjersti Aalbu","doi":"10.1177/01622439241279622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241279622","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the entanglements of the making of data and climate regulations at a specialized UN agency, the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Based on observant participation, document analysis, and interviews, I examine the politics of making and remaking a new data infrastructure—the Data Collection System (DCS)—and how the limitations and hopes invested in this infrastructure shape the global governance of greenhouse gas emissions in international shipping. I analyze how the DCS shapes the design and pacing of new regulations based on what data are available and when they are available, and how at the same time the politics and regulatory process of the IMO shapes the making and remaking of the DCS and how the data can be used. I unpack the politics that unfold when the production of data and regulations are coupled but are out of sync and shed light on the present and future roles of data in international negotiations. As the DCS and regulatory development at the IMO become entangled, I argue this creates a form of governance-through-data which slows down the regulatory process but nonetheless supports consensus-building among parties at a time marked by deep political tensions.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1177/01622439241276276
Carrie Friese
The clinician-scientist is often viewed as the crucial nexus in the translational processes that turn scientific research into medical technologies, including but not limited to pharmaceuticals. To create a point of contrast, and to consider the theme of invisible labor, this paper foregrounds an alternative actant who has also been deemed a vital nexus in translational medicine within Science and Technology Studies: the laboratory animal as model organism. Based on observational research conducted in an animal facility that was caring for laboratory mice as well as the immunological laboratory that was conducting research regarding ageing and vaccine uptake using those mice, this paper explores how mouse bodies and animal technicians’ knowledge of those mouse bodies are rendered invisible through the everyday flows of translation. I draw on Balka and Star's concept of “shadow bodies” to consider variations in how mouse bodies are understood across the translational process and probe the consequences this has for what knowledge is legitimately produced and by whom. By making the invisible work of mice and of technicians visible, I argue that the organizational filters of translational medicine may inadvertently make the work of animal technicians all the harder, in a manner that reproduces social inequalities.
{"title":"The Shadow Bodies of Mice: Invisible Work in Translational Medicine","authors":"Carrie Friese","doi":"10.1177/01622439241276276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241276276","url":null,"abstract":"The clinician-scientist is often viewed as the crucial nexus in the translational processes that turn scientific research into medical technologies, including but not limited to pharmaceuticals. To create a point of contrast, and to consider the theme of invisible labor, this paper foregrounds an alternative actant who has also been deemed a vital nexus in translational medicine within Science and Technology Studies: the laboratory animal as model organism. Based on observational research conducted in an animal facility that was caring for laboratory mice as well as the immunological laboratory that was conducting research regarding ageing and vaccine uptake using those mice, this paper explores how mouse bodies and animal technicians’ knowledge of those mouse bodies are rendered invisible through the everyday flows of translation. I draw on Balka and Star's concept of “shadow bodies” to consider variations in how mouse bodies are understood across the translational process and probe the consequences this has for what knowledge is legitimately produced and by whom. By making the invisible work of mice and of technicians visible, I argue that the organizational filters of translational medicine may inadvertently make the work of animal technicians all the harder, in a manner that reproduces social inequalities.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1177/01622439241276277
Kirsty Anantharajah
This paper explores how climate finance approaches and logics, particularly around scale, manifest in local climate technologies in Fiji. Through multi-sited fieldwork, the paper explores experiences around three climate related infrastructures: a biomass plant in Nadroga; a diesel-solar community hybrid system in Island X; and a seawall in Levuka, Ovalua. Each represent a key aspect of Fiji's climate-related infrastructural targets. Through explorations at these sites, the paper argues that climate finance logics prioritise large scale technologies and “scalability” projects, that is, projects which seek to expand without changing their basic elements. In response, the paper aims to create scholarly space for considering alternatives around climate finance's projects. The paper embeds these considerations of climate finance alternatives within its conceptual framework of “loving technologies.” Loving technologies is a product of the interplay of Pacific theory, postcolonial and feminist technoscience with the Fijian experiences of climate finance explored in this paper. The loving technologies approach highlights the validity small-scale infrastructure as having potential to be intimate, relational, making a difference in lives, communities, and futures. Despite their small scale, they can make an impact on bigger scales, and can chart alternative pathways of progress.
{"title":"Loving Technologies? Beyond Climate Finance's Logics of Scalability in Infrastructures in Fiji","authors":"Kirsty Anantharajah","doi":"10.1177/01622439241276277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241276277","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how climate finance approaches and logics, particularly around scale, manifest in local climate technologies in Fiji. Through multi-sited fieldwork, the paper explores experiences around three climate related infrastructures: a biomass plant in Nadroga; a diesel-solar community hybrid system in Island X; and a seawall in Levuka, Ovalua. Each represent a key aspect of Fiji's climate-related infrastructural targets. Through explorations at these sites, the paper argues that climate finance logics prioritise large scale technologies and “scalability” projects, that is, projects which seek to expand without changing their basic elements. In response, the paper aims to create scholarly space for considering alternatives around climate finance's projects. The paper embeds these considerations of climate finance alternatives within its conceptual framework of “loving technologies.” Loving technologies is a product of the interplay of Pacific theory, postcolonial and feminist technoscience with the Fijian experiences of climate finance explored in this paper. The loving technologies approach highlights the validity small-scale infrastructure as having potential to be intimate, relational, making a difference in lives, communities, and futures. Despite their small scale, they can make an impact on bigger scales, and can chart alternative pathways of progress.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1177/01622439241261742
Chamee Yang
The rise of “scientific security” discourse has spurred the use of optical technologies and data analytics in crime prevention. It has coincided with a shift in smart city narratives, positing these developments as enhancing women's freedom and safety in urban spaces. However, these narratives often overlook the nuanced and embodied experience of safety and women's ambivalent relationship with technology, while framing its use as a binary choice between privacy or safety. While enhanced legibility of the city may help visualize and predict crimes through algorithms, this focus on visual and data-driven methods tends to ignore critical aspects of safety, especially those conditions not directly observable like domestic and gender violence. This paper critically examines the complex relationship between gender and “smart safe cities,” using Seoul, South Korea as a case study. Drawing upon literature on technology and cities, and the history of women in Korea, this paper challenges the assumptions underlying these initiatives that supposedly empower yet over-victimize women. By integrating historical perspective with analysis of new spatial safety techniques, the paper highlights the disjuncture between the prevailing techno-optical regime and the tangible experience of safety, emphasizing a need for more holistic and relational approach to safety.
{"title":"The Techno-Optics of Safety: Surveillance and Women's Ambivalent Experiences in South Korea's “Smart Safe City”","authors":"Chamee Yang","doi":"10.1177/01622439241261742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439241261742","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of “scientific security” discourse has spurred the use of optical technologies and data analytics in crime prevention. It has coincided with a shift in smart city narratives, positing these developments as enhancing women's freedom and safety in urban spaces. However, these narratives often overlook the nuanced and embodied experience of safety and women's ambivalent relationship with technology, while framing its use as a binary choice between privacy or safety. While enhanced legibility of the city may help visualize and predict crimes through algorithms, this focus on visual and data-driven methods tends to ignore critical aspects of safety, especially those conditions not directly observable like domestic and gender violence. This paper critically examines the complex relationship between gender and “smart safe cities,” using Seoul, South Korea as a case study. Drawing upon literature on technology and cities, and the history of women in Korea, this paper challenges the assumptions underlying these initiatives that supposedly empower yet over-victimize women. By integrating historical perspective with analysis of new spatial safety techniques, the paper highlights the disjuncture between the prevailing techno-optical regime and the tangible experience of safety, emphasizing a need for more holistic and relational approach to safety.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1177/01622439241265641
Shiloh Krupar, Nadine Ehlers
Data visualizations related to COVID-19 operate as forms of spectacle essential to the racialized governance of the pandemic. Guy Debord theorized spectacle as separation—between subjects, populations, regions, dots on a map. We extend and revise Debord's framework of spectacle, drawing on Ruth Wilson Gilmore's definition of racism and Sylvia Wynter's critique of monohumanism to position spectacle as ways of seeing as separation: constructed ways of seeing that divide and partition. In this sense, spectacle contributes to material geographies of race and racism: what W.E.B. Du Bois referred to as the global color line and Michel Foucault called the caesura of race. We deploy this anti-racist interpretative methodology to analyze research from the 2020–21 period of the COVID-19 pandemic: first, COVID-19 dashboards that map infections, death, and other pandemic data; and, second, state biosecurity measures of lockdown in so-called areas of concern during the Delta outbreak in Sydney, Australia. Our methodology positions all real-time pandemic monitoring as part of the recursive operation of administering race as problem space, where the biopolitical twinning of life-and-death-making meet. We conclude by asking: what alternative forms of accounting of or for race are possible?
与 COVID-19 相关的数据可视化作为奇观的形式运作，对种族化的大流行病治理至关重要。居伊-德波（Guy Debord）将奇观理论化为分离--主体之间、人群之间、地区之间、地图上的点之间的分离。我们借鉴露丝-威尔逊-吉尔摩（Ruth Wilson Gilmore）对种族主义的定义和西尔维娅-温特（Sylvia Wynter）对单一人类主义的批判，扩展并修正了德波的奇观框架，将奇观定位为作为分离的观看方式：即分裂和分割的建构性观看方式。从这个意义上说，奇观有助于种族和种族主义的物质地理学：W.E.B. Du Bois 所说的全球肤色线和 Michel Foucault 所说的种族楔形结构。我们运用这种反种族主义的解释方法来分析 2020-21 年 COVID-19 大流行期间的研究：首先是 COVID-19 的仪表盘，其中映射了感染、死亡和其他流行病数据；其次是澳大利亚悉尼三角洲疫情爆发期间，各州在所谓的关注区采取的封锁生物安全措施。我们的方法论将所有实时大流行病监测定位为管理种族问题空间的递归操作的一部分，在这里，生命与死亡的生物政治孪生相交。最后，我们要问：有什么其他形式的种族会计或种族会计是可能的？
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Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1177/01622439241264028
William Wannyn
The criminal culpability of juvenile offenders remains a controversial and contested issue in the legal and public arenas in the United States. Since the mid-2000s, juvenile crime has been reframed by SCOTUS as a problem of brain immaturity. This article interrogates the omission of race from this new discourse of immaturity. First, I show that an alliance of learned societies, scholars, policy experts, legal professionals, and philanthropic foundations, which I call the new child savers, strategically sowed doubt about the criminological evidence of “high-risk” offenders to ensure the success of this new discourse of immaturity. I introduce the concept of benevolent ignorance to explain how they strategically concealed this inconvenient knowledge to achieve the socially valued goal of “saving children” from harsh sentences, and to escape public controversies over the racial overtones of risk assessment tools. Second, using Mills’ s concept of white ignorance, I argue that progressive elites and scholars involved in juvenile justice reform have historically ignored the lived experiences of juveniles of color. Finally, I discuss how the discourse of brain immaturity perpetuates and reinforces a colorblind explanation of juvenile crime that ignores the role of race in young people's encounters with the justice system.
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