Educational Research Review最新文献

High teacher turnover in schools is a problem in many countries. Many studies have investigated various antecedent effects of turnover in isolation; however, few comparative assessments of the antecedents have been conducted. A meta-analysis was conducted to ascertain the relative power of effects between various antecedents, and turnover and retention behaviors and intentions. We observed variations in the strength of associations between antecedents and real turnover and retention compared to the associations between the same factors and intended turnover and retention. This discrepancy is likely attributed to the fact that involuntary turnover and retention, which may play a significant role in the teacher turnover crisis, cannot be adequately captured in studies focusing solely on intentions.

Since the 1990s, there is a rise in attention to inclusion in education encompassing inclusion in Higher Education (HE), which is an important element of-/and leads to equity in society. HE-teachers are a key factor in improving inclusion in higher education, but little is known about 1) their understanding of inclusion, 2) the challenges they experience for establishing inclusion, and 3) how they characterize inclusive learning environments. In this study, these three aspects were explored using a systematic literature review. From the selected 36 peer-reviewed articles was concluded that even though there is a rise in attention to inclusion in HE in recent years, most attention is still on integrating students with disabilities in regular education instead of the newer broader definition of inclusion ‘for every student’. When HE-teachers’ understanding of inclusion was discussed, they more often had a positive attitude toward inclusion, but it is unclear what this attitude was against (and what is meant by positive/negative) due to the neglect of mentioned definitions of characteristics. HE-teachers’ challenges for inclusion in higher education are internal (lack of knowledge, skills, experience, and confidence) and institutional (lack of resources, support, information, and training). These findings demonstrate the necessity of cooperation between teachers and HE-institutions, in addition to the role of scholars in studying teachers' understanding of inclusion, to improve the inclusive learning environment of students in HE.

This systematic review with narrative synthesis aimed to examine the available evidence on the relationship between neurodiversity and cognitive load in online learning. Despite the known relationship between working memory impairments and neurodiversity, there has been a lack of systematic investigation into how cognitive load impacts neurodivergent students in online learning environments. This review, which includes 90 studies conducted in 21 countries, reveals that the majority (92%) did not consider neurodiversity as a potential factor influencing cognitive load in online learning. The few that did suggest distinct patterns of cognitive load in online learning for neurodivergent students, suggesting a need for more research in this area. The results also point to the potential for methodological advancements in measuring cognitive load in online learning, highlighting that 80% of studies with only neurotypical participants and 60% of studies including neurodivergent participants relied solely on subjective measures of cognitive load. This review contributes to the field by offering a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge of the relationship between neurodiversity and cognitive load in online learning, identifying significant gaps and suggesting directions for future studies.

Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language (e.g., affixes, base words) that express grammatical and semantic information. Additionally, morphological knowledge is significantly related to children's word reading and reading comprehension skills. Researchers have broadly assessed morphological knowledge by using a wide range of tasks and stimuli, which has influenced the interpretation of the relations between morphological knowledge and reading outcomes. This review of 103 studies used meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) to investigate the relations between commonly occurring morphological knowledge assessment features (e.g., written versus oral, spelling versus no spelling) in the literature to reading outcomes, including word reading and reading comprehension. Meta-regression techniques were used to examine moderators of age and reading ability. Morphological assessments that used a written modality (e.g., reading, writing) were more predictive of word reading outcomes than those administered orally. Assessments of morphological spelling were more predictive of both word reading and reading comprehension outcomes than those that did not examine spelling accuracy. Age was a significant moderator of the relation between morphology and word reading, such that the relation was stronger for the younger than the older children. Younger children also demonstrated higher relations between multiple task dimensions and reading comprehension, including oral tasks, tasks without decoding, and tasks that provided context clues. These findings have important implications for future morphological intervention studies aimed to improve children's reading outcomes, in particular the use of orthography and spelling within the context of teaching morphology.

Open inquiry is the fourth and highest level of an inquiry-based approach in science teaching and learning. Although previous research has highlighted several benefits of open inquiry, thus far, no studies have comprehensively reviewed its impacts using systematic and rigorous methodologies. Thus, the central aim of this review study was to develop a better understanding of the impacts of an open inquiry approach on students' learning in science. The search strategy was restricted to articles published in established scholarly databases (WOS, Scopus and ERIC), following the seven steps in conducting a systematic literature review process in educational research. As a result, 24 articles were extracted and qualified for inclusion in this review study. Finally, a thematic analysis was conducted to analyse the articles and five themes were generated: i) students' conceptual understanding, ii) students' motivation, iii) students' attitudes towards science, iv) students' scientific and thinking skills, and v) students' science literacy and other science-related skills. Although open inquiry positively impacted students' learning in science, the reviewed article also reported some challenges in its implementation, notably the need for classroom management, flexible teaching and learning, teacher-student interaction and teacher support. This review study provides a significant contribution to science education research, indicating that the highest level of an inquiry-based approach may not be the ‘best’ approach. However, this review offers a future opportunity for policymakers, teacher educators, science education academics, NGOs, science teachers, and other interested parties to promote inquiry pedagogy to improve students' learning in science.

The current meta-analysis aims at identifying the most effective interventions for students with Learning Disabilities (LD) in improving writing expression over the last 40 years. Specifically, the main purpose of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of interventions focused on writing and integrated reading and writing for students in Grades PreK-12. The review examined a total of 39 experimental and quasi-experimental studies to determine which interventions demonstrated greater effectiveness in enhancing student outcomes. An average effect size (ES) was calculated for all 44 interventions. Additionally, average effect sizes were calculated for 12 intervention categories: sentence combining instruction, pre-writing activities and strategy instruction, process writing without modeling, adding self-regulation to strategy instruction, feedback, no feedback, goal setting, no goal setting, peer tutoring, no peer tutoring, self-efficacy and no self-efficacy. The findings demonstrated that the interventions consistently improved students' writing quality, with the addition of self-regulation to strategy instruction proving highly effective. Moreover, it was found that multicomponent programs incorporating different practices demonstrated their effectiveness in enhancing written expression. Positive outcomes were obtained by implementing interventions into practice in small groups through systematically organized sessions and encouraging cooperation between researchers and educators.

Education neuroscience merges insights from education, psychology, and neuroscience to understand how the brain learns, processes information, and retains knowledge. While this field entails aspects like individual cognitive development and skill acquisition, it lacks clarity on the mechanisms for true social learning and teaching. To fill this gap, our article examines how the rapidly growing area of interpersonal educational neuroscience, which shifts the focus from single learners to learning interactions between individuals, is (and could be) contributing to a refined account for learning in social settings. We conducted a literature review of interpersonal neuroscience in relation to learning and instruction, through databases including Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We found that interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS), within a widespread fronto-temporo-parietal network, between teachers and students and among students, can predict learning performance and is biased by characteristics of teaching. The functional implications of IBS, its challenges, and future opportunities for its applications to pedagogical practices are discussed.

De Jong et al. (2023) objected to the evidence presented by Zhang et al. (2022) to support their concerns about the unreserved acceptance and promotion of inquiry-based learning and problem solving in current policy documents related to the teaching of science. In their response, De Jong et al. (2023) reiterated their advocacy for inquiry approaches, arguing that an emphasis on a mixture of inquiry learning and explicit instruction is needed. The present article rebuts De Jong et al. (2023), in which we: 1) challenge their view of and approach to scientific methods in establishing the efficacy of different instructional approaches; 2) indicate that an underpinning theory to explain the cognitive machinery that drives inquiry-based instructional approaches is missing from their argument; and 3) address the empirical issues arising in their argument. We also highlight potential agreement with De Jong et al. (2023) on the essential role of explicit instruction and thus raise a call to the field to revise current science educational policies and standards to reflect such a role. Our agreements and disagreements advance the debate to a new focus concerning when and how inquiry-based learning and explicit instruction should be used and combined. While De Jong et al. (2023), in their theory-free paper, provided no answer to how explicit instruction and inquiry learning should be combined, we offer our suggestions based on evolutionary psychology and the expertise reversal effect from cognitive load theory.

Given the widespread concern on collaborative problem solving (CPS) skills, there has been an increasing interest in the last few years to explore how to assess them with digital technologies. This study systematically reviewed how CPS skills have been assessed with digital technologies in the literature. A total of 40 articles were reviewed to analyze specific computer-based assessment instruments of CPS skills from four perspectives: research context, theoretical model for assessment, assessment type, and reliability and validity evidence. The results indicate that most tests target a sample of less than 500 junior students. Nine theoretical models are employed for assessing CPS skills, most of which treat these skills as an explicit combination of social and cognitive skills and are applied to a limited range of participants' age levels, collaboration features, and team compositions. A total of 22 tests have been employed and fallen into four types, i.e., the ones with specific predefined messages in human-agent mode, and those with online chat box, videoconferencing, and face-to-face collaboration in human-human mode. Each type of these tests demonstrates great diversities in participants’ age levels, types of CPS task(s), team compositions, types of assessment data, and methods of data recording and scoring. A certain number of tests lack reliability and validity evidence. Our findings are expected to benefit relevant researchers and test developers in terms of providing suggestions for future research which include testing the applicability of theoretical models for assessing CPS skills across a wide range of assessment contexts. In addition, future researchers should improve the development, data processing, and report of those four types of computer-based assessment instruments of CPS skills through different approaches, respectively.