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Rights Projects: A Relational Sociology of Rights in Globalization 权利项目:全球化中的权利关系社会学
IF 4.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-28 DOI: 10.1177/07352751241265366
Minwoo Jung
Building on and extending relational sociology, this article establishes a relational sociology of rights. I argue that rights should not be viewed as substances but as social constructs that derive their meanings and significance within a relational setting. To illustrate how rights are constructed relationally, I introduce a new analytic concept: the rights project, the context-specific endeavor of marginalized communities to envision, claim, and achieve rights on their own terms and in their own ways. The relational construction of rights projects occurs locally, regionally, and globally. The concept of the rights project demonstrates how marginalized communities undertake diverse political and cultural endeavors tailored to specific relational contexts, developing distinct goals, priorities, and strategies in the name of rights. A relational sociology of rights allows us to gain a more nuanced understanding of the conditions of possibility for marginalized communities beyond the Euro-American registers of rights.
本文以关系社会学为基础并加以扩展,建立了权利关系社会学。我认为,不应将权利视为物质,而应将其视为在关系环境中产生意义和重要性的社会建构。为了说明权利是如何在关系中被建构的,我引入了一个新的分析概念:权利项目,即边缘化社群根据自身条件和方式设想、主张和实现权利的具体努力。权利项目的关系构建发生在地方、地区和全球范围内。权利项目的概念展示了边缘化社群如何根据特定的关系背景开展各种政治和文化活动,以权利的名义制定不同的目标、优先事项和战略。权利关系社会学使我们能够更细致地了解边缘化社群超越欧美权利登记册的可能性条件。
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引用次数: 0
The Entangled Emergencies of COVID-19 COVID-19 的纠缠不清的紧急情况
IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/07352751241247567
C. L. Decoteau
City of Chicago officials adopted a “racial equity” approach to mitigate the disproportionate racial impact of COVID-19, yet according to interviews with racially and socioeconomically marginalized Chicagoans, this approach failed to address core vulnerabilities associated with health, housing, mental health, and welfare. This article argues that COVID-19 represents and reifies the convergence of three sets of emergencies. First, federal and local governments governed through emergency, enacting temporally bounded governmental strategies that presumed scarcity, triaged care, and naturalized structural inequality by delinking the effects of racism from its causes. This response was spectacular and anticipatory—designed to safeguard the status quo until “normalcy” could be restored. This approach exacerbated two existing endemic emergencies: (1) the slow emergencies racially marginalized populations have faced for decades due to neoliberal restructuring and fragmented care infrastructure and (2) the sacrifice of lower-income frontline workers to premature death to safeguard the economy and protect the middle class.
芝加哥市官员采用了一种 "种族公平 "的方法来减轻 COVID-19 带来的不成比例的种族影响,然而根据对种族和社会经济边缘化的芝加哥人的访谈,这种方法未能解决与健康、住房、心理健康和福利相关的核心脆弱性。本文认为,COVID-19 代表了三组紧急事件的融合,并将其重新整合。首先,联邦和地方政府通过紧急事件进行治理,制定了有时间限制的政府策略,这些策略假定了稀缺性,对护理进行了分流,并通过将种族主义的影响与其原因脱钩,使结构性不平等自然化。这种应对措施既壮观又具有预见性,其目的是在 "正常状态 "恢复之前维持现状。这种方法加剧了两个现有的地方性紧急状况:(1)由于新自由主义的结构调整和支离破碎的医疗基础设施,种族边缘化人群几十年来一直面临着缓慢的紧急状况;(2)为了保障经济和保护中产阶级,低收入的一线工人过早死亡。
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引用次数: 0
Class Experience Mobility through Consumption, Work, and Relationships 通过消费、工作和人际关系实现阶级经验流动
IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1177/07352751241242804
Taylor Laemmli
Sociological analyses of class mobility focus on enduring class movement. How might we reconceptualize class mobility to capture more shifting experiences of class? I propose a new way to theorize class mobility that is oriented toward the analysis of short-term class mobility. Class experience mobility (CEM) is a form of class mobility in which people temporarily access a class lifestyle that does not correspond to their class position, tasting another life before returning to their own. In this theory-building article, I first conceptualize CEM, situating it relative to mainstream class analysis. I then describe six class experience processes that enable temporary upward class mobility through consumption, work, and relationships. Finally, I show how the processes by which people engage in CEM can serve as mechanisms shaping long-term class mobility and people’s classed self-understandings.
社会学对阶级流动性的分析侧重于持久的阶级流动。我们该如何重新认识阶级流动,以捕捉更多的阶级变化经验呢?我提出了一种阶级流动理论化的新方法,它以分析短期阶级流动为导向。阶级经验流动(CEM)是阶级流动的一种形式,在这种流动中,人们暂时进入一种与他们的阶级地位不相符的阶级生活方式,品尝另一种生活,然后再回到他们自己的生活。在这篇建立理论的文章中,我首先将 CEM 概念化,并将其与主流阶级分析相联系。然后,我描述了通过消费、工作和人际关系实现暂时的阶级向上流动的六个阶级体验过程。最后,我说明了人们参与 CEM 的过程如何成为塑造长期阶级流动性和人们阶级自我理解的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Relational Durkheim: Homo Duplex as the Foundation of a Formalist Cultural Sociology 关系型杜克海姆:作为形式主义文化社会学基础的双面人
IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/07352751241241517
Kyle Puetz
I propose that the sociology of Émile Durkheim can serve as a useful foundation for a formalist cultural sociology. Durkheim’s homo duplex model of human cognition directs analytic attention to the relative balance of opportunities that the moral integration of society as a system of representations affords for establishing moral unity with others, on one hand, and realizing personal autonomy, on the other. This apriority, like Simmel’s forms, operates independently of any specific representational contents to produce outcomes related to solidarity, well-being, affect, and existential security. Accordingly, Durkheim provides conceptual resources for a hypothetico-deductive research program that promotes the development of testable hypotheses grounded in intuitions about how individuals phenomenologically experience formal properties of belief networks or other systems of social ideation.
我建议,埃米尔-杜克海姆(Émile Durkheim)的社会学可以作为形式主义文化社会学的有用基础。杜克海姆关于人类认知的 "同体双工模式"(homo duplex model of human cognition)将分析的注意力引向了社会作为表征系统的道德整合所提供的机会之间的相对平衡,一方面是与他人建立道德统一,另一方面是实现个人自主。这种优先性与西美尔的形式一样,不受任何具体表征内容的影响,产生与团结、幸福、情感和生存安全相关的结果。因此,杜克海姆为假设-演绎研究计划提供了概念资源,该研究计划以个人如何从现象上体验信仰网络或其他社会意识形态系统的形式属性的直觉为基础,促进可检验假设的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Playing up Difference 发挥差异
IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/07352751241241081
Krystal Laryea
How do groups reckon with differences in members’ identities and beliefs? A tension exists between groups, whose identities are singular and stably positioned, and their members, whose identities are intertwined and constituted in interaction. Existing work shows how this tension is addressed through downplaying difference, but we know less about how differences are played up in group life. Drawing on two years of ethnographic fieldwork and 56 interviews with a racially and politically diverse religious group, I examine how members play up identities and beliefs that are not shared by all and how comembers respond. This analysis reveals two pathways that playing up difference takes: an engagement pathway and an avoidance pathway. The engagement pathway depends on the activation of shared structural, relational, and epistemic foundations. I conclude with a broader consideration of how playing up difference relates to the pursuit of plurality and wholeness in contemporary organizations and communities.
群体如何看待成员身份和信仰的差异?群体的身份是单一的、稳定的,而其成员的身份是相互交织的、在互动中形成的,这两者之间存在着紧张关系。现有研究表明,这种紧张关系是如何通过淡化差异来解决的,但我们对差异如何在群体生活中得到发挥却知之甚少。通过对一个种族和政治多元化的宗教团体进行两年的人种学实地调查和 56 次访谈,我研究了团体成员如何渲染并非所有人都认同的身份和信仰,以及团体成员如何做出回应。这项分析揭示了发挥差异的两种途径:参与途径和回避途径。参与路径依赖于共同的结构、关系和认识论基础的激活。最后,我将对 "发挥差异 "与当代组织和社区追求多元化和整体性的关系进行更广泛的思考。
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引用次数: 0
Stranger in the Mirror: Exploring Somatic Defamiliarization 镜中的陌生人探索体感陌生化
IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/07352751241240527
Eduardo Duran
This study explores the centrality of the senses for the maintenance or disruption of people’s commonsensical familiarity with the world. Drawing from in-depth interviews with people affected by depersonalization/derealization, which the American Psychiatric Association defines as a dissociative condition in which people perceive the world as dream-like, I conceptualize what I term somatic defamiliarization. I define somatic defamiliarization as a process whereby people experience previously unquestioned sensory phenomena, such as mundane objects or their bodies, as unfamiliar. Building on Berger and Luckmann’s work, I contend that somatic defamiliarization is a perpetual, albeit latent, condition of social life that threatens reality maintenance. I discuss how the concept of somatic defamiliarization can be applied to explore the somatic qualities of experiential ruptures that people may undergo in various circumstances, such as immigration or war.
本研究探讨了感官在维持或破坏人们对世界的常识性熟悉方面的核心作用。美国精神病学协会将人格解体/现实化定义为一种解离状态,在这种状态下,人们将世界视为梦境。我将躯体陌生化定义为一个过程,在这个过程中,人们会体验到以前不被质疑的感官现象,如平凡的物体或他们的身体,变得陌生。在伯格和勒克曼研究的基础上,我认为躯体陌生化是社会生活中一种长期存在的、尽管是潜在的、威胁着现实维持的条件。我将讨论如何将 "躯体陌生化 "这一概念应用于探索人们在移民或战争等各种情况下可能经历的体验断裂的躯体特质。
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引用次数: 0
The Interactional Zoo: Lessons for Sociology from Erving Goffman’s Engagement with Animal Ethology 互动动物园:埃尔文-戈夫曼与动物选育学的交往对社会学的启示
IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/07352751241230955
Colin Jerolmack, Belicia Teo, Abigail Westberry
Erving Goffman is one of sociology’s most influential thinkers. Scholars debate the extent to which he worked in competing theoretical traditions (e.g., interactionist or structuralist), yet few acknowledge his intellectual indebtedness to animal ethology. This article traces how naturalistic studies of paralinguistic animal communication influenced Goffman’s corpus and specifies the ideas he built on from that field, especially territoriality and ritualized display. Goffman’s comparative approach to animal and human interaction reveals the shortcomings of sociologists’ lingua-centric approach to interaction; elevates animals to social actors, capable of metacommunication, reading others’ intentions, and adjusting their behavior accordingly; and humbles humans, who he finds enacting rituals of civility for the same reason animals engage in ritualized display: to manage threats and facilitate bonding. Goffman’s thesis on the similarities between animal and human social behavior compels sociology to consider animal studies, and his use of ethology helps reconcile his interactionist and Durkheimian tendencies.
欧文-戈夫曼是社会学界最具影响力的思想家之一。学者们争论他在多大程度上遵循了相互竞争的理论传统(如互动主义或结构主义),但很少有人承认他在思想上对动物伦理学的贡献。本文追溯了对准语言动物交流的自然主义研究如何影响了戈夫曼的研究成果,并具体阐述了他在这一领域的基础上提出的观点,尤其是领地性和仪式化展示。戈夫曼对动物和人类互动的比较方法揭示了社会学家以语言为中心的互动方法的缺陷;将动物提升为社会行动者,使其能够进行元交流,解读他人的意图,并相应地调整自己的行为;并使人类谦卑下来,因为他发现人类制定文明礼仪的原因与动物进行仪式化展示的原因相同:管理威胁和促进联系。戈夫曼关于动物和人类社会行为相似性的论述迫使社会学考虑动物研究,而他对人种学的运用则有助于调和他的互动主义和杜克海姆倾向。
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引用次数: 0
From Public Sociology to Sociological Publics: The Importance of Reverse Tutelage to Social Theory 从公共社会学到社会学公众:反向教育对社会理论的重要性
IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/07352751241227429
A. Meghji
This article develops an alternative vision of public sociology. Whereas public sociology is often defined through the actions of professional sociologists, this article calls for a recognition of reverse tutelage in public sociology. Here, publics are seen as sociological interlocutors who can, and often do, produce sociological theories and analyses that can inform professional sociology. I demonstrate this reverse tutelage by focusing on anticolonial and anti-racist social movements, including the Zapatistas, Black Lives Matter, Palestine Action, and Cops Are Flops. I highlight how they produce sociological theories of power, neoliberalism, race, bordering, and violence that can orient professional sociology toward relational forms of analysis that build connections between different sites of resistance. In doing so, I highlight how the boundary between what Burawoy terms “professional” and “critical” sociology is much more porous than initially theorized and that critical sociology—from wider publics—can significantly shape professional sociology.
本文对公共社会学提出了另一种看法。公共社会学通常是通过专业社会学家的行动来定义的,而本文则呼吁承认公共社会学中的反向指导。在这里,公众被视为社会学的对话者,他们能够,而且往往确实产生了能够为专业社会学提供信息的社会学理论和分析。我通过关注反殖民主义和反种族主义的社会运动,包括萨帕塔主义者(Zapatistas)、"黑人的生命"(Black Lives Matter)、巴勒斯坦行动(Palestine Action)和 "警察是笨蛋"(Cops Are Flops),来展示这种反向指导。我将重点介绍这些运动如何产生关于权力、新自由主义、种族、边界和暴力的社会学理论,从而将专业社会学引向关系分析形式,在不同的抵抗地点之间建立联系。在此过程中,我强调了布拉沃伊所说的 "专业 "社会学与 "批判 "社会学之间的界限是如何比最初理论上的界限更加松散,以及批判社会学--来自更广泛的公众--如何极大地塑造了专业社会学。
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引用次数: 0
From Public Sociology to Sociological Publics: The Importance of Reverse Tutelage to Social Theory 从公共社会学到社会学公众:反向教育对社会理论的重要性
IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/07352751241227429
A. Meghji
This article develops an alternative vision of public sociology. Whereas public sociology is often defined through the actions of professional sociologists, this article calls for a recognition of reverse tutelage in public sociology. Here, publics are seen as sociological interlocutors who can, and often do, produce sociological theories and analyses that can inform professional sociology. I demonstrate this reverse tutelage by focusing on anticolonial and anti-racist social movements, including the Zapatistas, Black Lives Matter, Palestine Action, and Cops Are Flops. I highlight how they produce sociological theories of power, neoliberalism, race, bordering, and violence that can orient professional sociology toward relational forms of analysis that build connections between different sites of resistance. In doing so, I highlight how the boundary between what Burawoy terms “professional” and “critical” sociology is much more porous than initially theorized and that critical sociology—from wider publics—can significantly shape professional sociology.
本文对公共社会学提出了另一种看法。公共社会学通常是通过专业社会学家的行动来定义的,而本文则呼吁承认公共社会学中的反向指导。在这里,公众被视为社会学的对话者,他们能够,而且往往确实产生了能够为专业社会学提供信息的社会学理论和分析。我通过关注反殖民主义和反种族主义的社会运动,包括萨帕塔主义者(Zapatistas)、"黑人的生命"(Black Lives Matter)、巴勒斯坦行动(Palestine Action)和 "警察是笨蛋"(Cops Are Flops),来展示这种反向指导。我将重点介绍这些运动如何产生关于权力、新自由主义、种族、边界和暴力的社会学理论,从而将专业社会学引向关系分析形式,在不同的抵抗地点之间建立联系。在此过程中,我强调了布拉沃伊所说的 "专业 "社会学与 "批判 "社会学之间的界限是如何比最初理论上的界限更加松散,以及批判社会学--来自更广泛的公众--如何极大地塑造了专业社会学。
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引用次数: 0
Performing Social Control: Poverty Governance, Public Finance, and the Politics of Visibility 表演社会控制:贫困治理、公共财政与能见度政治
IF 4.4 1区 社会学 Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1177/07352751231222476
John N. Robinson, Spencer Headworth, Shai Karp
The visibility of populations, policies, and the state matters greatly for questions of power, inequality, and democratic life. This article builds on existing scholarship by examining how visibility operates as a lever and effect of social control in a racially and economically stratified society. By doing so, the article identifies a paradox. Race- and class-empowered groups often pressure state actors to implement punitive policies or otherwise visibly contain and control disadvantaged populations. But they also tend to decry and disavow the necessary public costs of these disciplinary interventions. This creates a conundrum for authorities: how to satisfy popular demands for social control while concealing resource commitments. We use the term disciplinary tensions to describe the contradictory political desires that state actors must navigate to maintain legitimacy with privileged constituents. We examine two state projects that, in different ways, crystallize this dilemma: the expansion of low-income housing development in New York in the 1960s and 1970s and state prison construction in California in the 1980s and 1990s. In both episodes, officials responded to disciplinary tensions by turning to covert public finance options: specifically, revenue bonds, which seemingly detach policy from conventional tax-and-spend public finance. We argue that these cases shed light on the shifting nature of power as finance has come to pervade all aspects of government and covert governing tactics supplement and supplant society’s more direct practices of social control. Revenue bonds, in particular, allow governing actors to appease and placate the populace by reconfiguring the state’s disciplinary power so that social control appears to pay for itself.
人口、政策和国家的能见度对于权力、不平等和民主生活等问题至关重要。本文在现有研究成果的基础上,探讨了在一个种族和经济分层的社会中,能见度是如何作为社会控制的杠杆和效果发挥作用的。通过研究,文章发现了一个悖论。拥有种族和阶级权力的群体往往会向国家行为者施压,要求其实施惩罚性政策或以其他方式明显遏制和控制弱势群体。但他们也往往谴责和否认这些惩戒干预措施所需的公共成本。这就给当局带来了一个难题:如何满足民众对社会控制的要求,同时又能掩盖资源的投入。我们使用 "惩戒紧张局势 "一词来描述国家行为者为维持其在特权选民中的合法性而必须处理的相互矛盾的政治愿望。我们研究了两个以不同方式体现这种困境的国家项目:20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代纽约低收入住房开发的扩张,以及 20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代加利福尼亚州的州立监狱建设。在这两起事件中,官员们通过转向隐蔽的公共财政方案来应对纪律方面的紧张局势:特别是收益债券,这似乎使政策脱离了传统的税收与支出公共财政。我们认为,这些案例揭示了权力性质的转变,因为财政已渗透到政府的方方面面,隐蔽的治理策略补充并取代了社会控制的更直接做法。尤其是收入债券,通过重新配置国家的惩戒权力,使社会控制看似物有所值,从而使执政者能够安抚和安抚民众。
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引用次数: 0
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Sociological Theory
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