Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2023.2257473
Elsa Koleth, Linda Peake, Nasya Razavi, Grace Adeniyi-Ogunyankin
How do decolonial feminist urban imaginaries of urban futures begin to interrogate twenty-first century urban life? The urban futures signaled in this special issue highlight three dimensions of urban imaginaries. The first connects the privatization and commodification of urban infrastructures to state-based and capitalist discursive efforts to make the urban. The second concerns temporal convergences of past, present and future in visions of the urban that reproduce the recursive logics of coloniality by re-mapping the landscapes of urban inequality and dispossession through encounters with sedimentations of colonial and neocolonial formations. Third, authors take up the everyday as a site of struggle through which women’s negotiations and placemaking practices offer alternative urban imaginaries. These articles are based on papers given at the 2019 “Feminist Explorations of Urban Futures” conference organized by the transnational feminist research project, “Urbanization and Gender in the Global South: A Transformative Knowledge Network” (GenUrb).
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Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2023.2267878
Xuanyi Nie
ABSTRACTThis research investigates how the public university engages in China's speculative urbanism by establishing and operationalizing the university-healthcare nexus through both real estate and healthcare businesses. Drawing on open company data and expert interviews, the organizational structure of public and private actors in the university-healthcare nexus of the Peking University Healthcare City was unfold as a case study. Findings reveal that the university-healthcare nexus was established by Peking University and its subsidiary private companies. The nexus enables speculative urban development by aligning stakeholders' interests, branding healthcare businesses, and camouflaging profit-driven real estate development. This research thus brings an alternative perspective to understanding the relationship between public and private institutions and the critical role of universities in China's urbanization process. Since the research is based on an individual case study, future comparative studies could help test the scalability of the implications.KEYWORDS: Universityhospitaluniversity-healthcare nexusurban developmentChina AcknowledgmentsThe paper is an extension of Xuanyi Nie's doctoral dissertation “The Civic Value and Economic Promise of Medical Cities in the United States and China.” The author is grateful for the committee members’ encouragement, guidance, and feedback along the way. The author specially thanks Professor Winnie Yip for sharing her contacts, and thanks the anonymized interview participants who have offered critical information and insights into the case study. The author also thanks the organizers for their feedback at the 2022 JPER Writing Workshop and the insightful comments from the anonymous reviewers.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 In the Code for Classification of Urban Land Use and Planning Standards of Development Land (GB50137-2011), A35 belongs to type A administration and public services land, which is usually allocated for free for 50 years of use. Housing development on A35 land cannot be sold unless overriding the land use.2 A few universities have created some of the largest and most successful high-tech enterprises in the country. Besides PKU Founder, the Chinese Academy of Sciences established Lenovo and Tsinghua University created Tongfang. They have been the top personal computer makers in China.3 Data collected from https://aiqicha.baidu.com, updated in August 2023.4 The author made four visits in total: one in June 2019, one in December 2019, one in November 2020, and the last one in December 2021.5 The second interview was conducted in Beijing on 10 November 2020, in person with A (anonymized) who previously held a position in the leadership of Peking University.6 The leadership of Peking University included the former party secretary Weifang Min, the former president Zhihong Xu, and the former deputy vice-president Qide Han.7 The first i
{"title":"The ivory tower in China’s speculative urbanism: instrumentalizing the university-healthcare nexus","authors":"Xuanyi Nie","doi":"10.1080/02723638.2023.2267878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2023.2267878","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis research investigates how the public university engages in China's speculative urbanism by establishing and operationalizing the university-healthcare nexus through both real estate and healthcare businesses. Drawing on open company data and expert interviews, the organizational structure of public and private actors in the university-healthcare nexus of the Peking University Healthcare City was unfold as a case study. Findings reveal that the university-healthcare nexus was established by Peking University and its subsidiary private companies. The nexus enables speculative urban development by aligning stakeholders' interests, branding healthcare businesses, and camouflaging profit-driven real estate development. This research thus brings an alternative perspective to understanding the relationship between public and private institutions and the critical role of universities in China's urbanization process. Since the research is based on an individual case study, future comparative studies could help test the scalability of the implications.KEYWORDS: Universityhospitaluniversity-healthcare nexusurban developmentChina AcknowledgmentsThe paper is an extension of Xuanyi Nie's doctoral dissertation “The Civic Value and Economic Promise of Medical Cities in the United States and China.” The author is grateful for the committee members’ encouragement, guidance, and feedback along the way. The author specially thanks Professor Winnie Yip for sharing her contacts, and thanks the anonymized interview participants who have offered critical information and insights into the case study. The author also thanks the organizers for their feedback at the 2022 JPER Writing Workshop and the insightful comments from the anonymous reviewers.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 In the Code for Classification of Urban Land Use and Planning Standards of Development Land (GB50137-2011), A35 belongs to type A administration and public services land, which is usually allocated for free for 50 years of use. Housing development on A35 land cannot be sold unless overriding the land use.2 A few universities have created some of the largest and most successful high-tech enterprises in the country. Besides PKU Founder, the Chinese Academy of Sciences established Lenovo and Tsinghua University created Tongfang. They have been the top personal computer makers in China.3 Data collected from https://aiqicha.baidu.com, updated in August 2023.4 The author made four visits in total: one in June 2019, one in December 2019, one in November 2020, and the last one in December 2021.5 The second interview was conducted in Beijing on 10 November 2020, in person with A (anonymized) who previously held a position in the leadership of Peking University.6 The leadership of Peking University included the former party secretary Weifang Min, the former president Zhihong Xu, and the former deputy vice-president Qide Han.7 The first i","PeriodicalId":48178,"journal":{"name":"Urban Geography","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2023.2268425
Johannes Kiener
ABSTRACTThis study investigates the “shadow of gentrification;” that is, it examines the applicability of the concept of gentrification beyond the typical context of the global city and attempts to advance its understanding in the Global East. This topic is approached by analyzing the role of rental housing in art-led neighborhood change in Osaka’s inner city, an area shaped during Japan’s developmental period. Three characteristics of housing that facilitates art-led neighborhood change – physical features, economic conditions, and tenure type – were identified, along which the renovation work conducted by artists in Osaka’s inner city, was analyzed. The results show that the developmental inner city provides only poor conditions for gentrification driven by artists. To enable a better understanding of neighborhood change in the Global East, this study suggests overcoming the concept of gentrification by focusing on other forms of neighborhood change, and highlighting breaks instead of continuities in the local political economy.KEYWORDS: Artistsdevelopmental stategentrificationGlobal Eastinner city AcknowledgmentMy gratitude goes to all the people in Kitakagaya who shared their time and knowledge with me; to Nov Amenomori, who helped build contact with the local landlord, greatly easing entry into the field; and to Eunhwee Jeon, who conducted the interviews together with me, contributing countless ingenious questions. Finally, I would like to thank the three anonymous peer reviewers who provided extensive feedback and literature suggestions, which helped to significantly refine the arguments of this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Burakumin are descents of outcast groups that were at the bottom of Japanese society during the Edo Period. These people were discriminated against because they had occupations considered impure or tainted, such as tanners or leather workers. Discrimination against them continued beyond the Edo Period and is still present in contemporary Japan.2 Only when landlords require a housing unit for themselves, a “rightful cause” exists, or a considerable compensation payment is made can the lease be terminated. Usually, these criteria are evaluated very strictly in court cases (Ito, Citation1994).3 1 USD was in 2015 approximately 120 yen.4 To protect the privacy of the artists interviewed in Kitakagaya, in this text all names are aliases.Additional informationFundingThis study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant number 20K13264).
摘要本研究考察“中产阶级化的阴影”，即考察中产阶级化概念在全球城市典型语境之外的适用性，并试图在全球东方推进对其的理解。本课题通过分析租赁住房在日本发展时期形成的大阪内城以艺术为主导的社区变化中的作用来探讨。确定了促进艺术主导的社区变化的住房的三个特征——物理特征、经济条件和使用权类型，并分析了艺术家在大阪内城进行的改造工作。结果表明，发展中的内城仅为艺术家推动的中产阶级化提供了较差的条件。为了更好地理解全球东方的邻里变化，本研究建议通过关注其他形式的邻里变化来克服中产阶级化的概念，并强调当地政治经济中的断裂而不是连续性。关键词:艺术家发展国家高阶化全球东方内城感谢所有在北乐谷与我分享时间和知识的人;感谢Nov Amenomori，他帮助与当地地主建立了联系，大大简化了进入该领域的难度;感谢与我一起进行采访，提出无数巧妙问题的全恩威。最后，我要感谢三位匿名的同行审稿人，他们提供了广泛的反馈和文献建议，这有助于显著完善本文的论点。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1民是江户时代处于日本社会底层的被排斥群体的后裔。这些人受到歧视，因为他们从事的职业被认为是不纯洁或受污染的，比如制革工人或皮革工人。对他们的歧视在江户时代之后仍然存在，在当代日本仍然存在。2只有当房东为自己提出住房要求时，有“正当理由”存在，或者支付了相当大的赔偿金，才能终止租赁。通常，这些标准在法庭案件中被非常严格地评估(Ito, Citation1994)。2015年1美元约为120日元为了保护在北歌谷接受采访的艺术家的隐私，本文中所有的名字都是化名。本研究由日本科学促进会(Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)资助(资助号20K13264)。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2023.2266267
Rakib Akhtar
Among the many issues that have been discussed under the scholarship of entrepreneurial state, the place of and strategies to mobilize, a shadow state apparatus have so far received little attention. It is particularly relevant from state practices in the Global South. This article gives an account of shadow practices that an entrepreneurial state undertakes in its attempt to deliver a smart city project. It documents a host of practices that essentially blur the boundaries of the formal and shadow state to smoothen business deals and take the neoliberal agendas of the entrepreneurial state forward. The article demonstrates that these shadow practices by formal state actors take place due to the demands of the entrepreneurial zeal of the state, a key facet of neoliberalism. The article contributes toward the scholarship by bringing into focus the salience of caste and kin networks in the quotidian operations of the shadow state.
{"title":"The entrepreneurial shadow state delivering a smart city","authors":"Rakib Akhtar","doi":"10.1080/02723638.2023.2266267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2023.2266267","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many issues that have been discussed under the scholarship of entrepreneurial state, the place of and strategies to mobilize, a shadow state apparatus have so far received little attention. It is particularly relevant from state practices in the Global South. This article gives an account of shadow practices that an entrepreneurial state undertakes in its attempt to deliver a smart city project. It documents a host of practices that essentially blur the boundaries of the formal and shadow state to smoothen business deals and take the neoliberal agendas of the entrepreneurial state forward. The article demonstrates that these shadow practices by formal state actors take place due to the demands of the entrepreneurial zeal of the state, a key facet of neoliberalism. The article contributes toward the scholarship by bringing into focus the salience of caste and kin networks in the quotidian operations of the shadow state.","PeriodicalId":48178,"journal":{"name":"Urban Geography","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2023.2258687
Jessica Quinton, Lorien Nesbitt, James JT Connolly, Elvin Wyly
ABSTRACTGreen gentrification occurs when urban greening/sustainability interventions become implicated in neighbourhood upgrading and displacement of existing residents. However, current emphasis on urban sustainability in planning/policy agendas, coupled with political-economic factors producing uneven development, lead us to ask whether all gentrifying areas experience greening. Our descriptive analysis identified gentrifying areas in Vancouver, Calgary, and Toronto (Canada), from 1996–2006 and 2006–2016, and determined the extent to which various greening interventions (parks, cycle lanes, community gardens, LEED-certified buildings, and rapid-rail transit) were introduced before, during, and after gentrification. Greening frequently occurred before and/or during, and after, gentrification. Our results indicate greening is common in gentrifying areas throughout the gentrification process, suggesting the need for a broader understanding of the relationship(s) between urban greening and gentrification. We outline a future research agenda to examine greening across gentrifying areas and further understand how these two processes shape each other in the remaking of neighborhoods/cities.KEYWORDS: Environmental gentrificationgreen spaceenvironmental justicegreen equityurban sustainability AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank the handling editor and anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback on the initial manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 While all three discourses have been seen in policy/planning documents and green-gentrification research, for simplicity we focus on sustainability as it is the most prominent term and overlaps with both livability and resilience.2 This method necessitated using averages instead of medians for variables such as household income and rent costs, as the underlying distribution was no longer known.3 Statistical analyses comparing the results (i.e. greening levels) of the 0–50% income quartiles to 51–75% quartiles showedno significant differences, indicating this decision did not skew the results.4 This may be in part due to incomplete greening data for ‘before’ the 1996–2006 gentrification period.Additional informationFundingThis research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [Doctoral Award #767-2020-31021].
{"title":"How common is greening in gentrifying areas?","authors":"Jessica Quinton, Lorien Nesbitt, James JT Connolly, Elvin Wyly","doi":"10.1080/02723638.2023.2258687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2023.2258687","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTGreen gentrification occurs when urban greening/sustainability interventions become implicated in neighbourhood upgrading and displacement of existing residents. However, current emphasis on urban sustainability in planning/policy agendas, coupled with political-economic factors producing uneven development, lead us to ask whether all gentrifying areas experience greening. Our descriptive analysis identified gentrifying areas in Vancouver, Calgary, and Toronto (Canada), from 1996–2006 and 2006–2016, and determined the extent to which various greening interventions (parks, cycle lanes, community gardens, LEED-certified buildings, and rapid-rail transit) were introduced before, during, and after gentrification. Greening frequently occurred before and/or during, and after, gentrification. Our results indicate greening is common in gentrifying areas throughout the gentrification process, suggesting the need for a broader understanding of the relationship(s) between urban greening and gentrification. We outline a future research agenda to examine greening across gentrifying areas and further understand how these two processes shape each other in the remaking of neighborhoods/cities.KEYWORDS: Environmental gentrificationgreen spaceenvironmental justicegreen equityurban sustainability AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank the handling editor and anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback on the initial manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 While all three discourses have been seen in policy/planning documents and green-gentrification research, for simplicity we focus on sustainability as it is the most prominent term and overlaps with both livability and resilience.2 This method necessitated using averages instead of medians for variables such as household income and rent costs, as the underlying distribution was no longer known.3 Statistical analyses comparing the results (i.e. greening levels) of the 0–50% income quartiles to 51–75% quartiles showedno significant differences, indicating this decision did not skew the results.4 This may be in part due to incomplete greening data for ‘before’ the 1996–2006 gentrification period.Additional informationFundingThis research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [Doctoral Award #767-2020-31021].","PeriodicalId":48178,"journal":{"name":"Urban Geography","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2023.2263121
Max D. Woodworth
This Urban Pulse entry examines Donald Trump’s campaign promise to build up to ten so-called Freedom Cities on federally owned land if re-elected. Similar to new cities being built around the world, Freedom Cities would be selected through a competitive bidding process and aim to overcome perceived crises in present-day urbanism. However, this essay provides a close read of the Freedom Cities proposal to examine how the idea of a new city provides a means for Trump and his movement to envision a society shaped by specific settler-colonial and far-right political visions emergent within the current American political-cultural moment. As such, the Freedom Cities proposal affords a rare window into the radicalization of the Trumpian movement in 2023.
{"title":"“Freedom Cities”: Trump and an American global new city","authors":"Max D. Woodworth","doi":"10.1080/02723638.2023.2263121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2023.2263121","url":null,"abstract":"This Urban Pulse entry examines Donald Trump’s campaign promise to build up to ten so-called Freedom Cities on federally owned land if re-elected. Similar to new cities being built around the world, Freedom Cities would be selected through a competitive bidding process and aim to overcome perceived crises in present-day urbanism. However, this essay provides a close read of the Freedom Cities proposal to examine how the idea of a new city provides a means for Trump and his movement to envision a society shaped by specific settler-colonial and far-right political visions emergent within the current American political-cultural moment. As such, the Freedom Cities proposal affords a rare window into the radicalization of the Trumpian movement in 2023.","PeriodicalId":48178,"journal":{"name":"Urban Geography","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135790430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2023.2259689
Melissa Heil
The urban infrastructure literature has explored how infrastructure is tied to the politics of citizenship: states’ use of infrastructure to include/exclude populations and marginalized populations’ use of infrastructure to claim fuller citizenship. Often, this literature focuses on the relationship between governments and city dwellers, neglecting the role of other actors, like NGOs and philanthropic organizations, that influence infrastructural citizenship. A hallmark of neoliberalism in the Global North has been the transfer of responsibilities from the state to the non-profit sector, increasing these organizations’ power to shape urban citizenship. This paper examines how non-profit organizations participate in the politics of infrastructural citizenship by analyzing their role in providing emergency water infrastructure following the Flint Water Crisis. This process has been contradictory: the actions of these organizations have served as a lifeline in the face of state-enacted infrastructural violence, but also incorporate new inequalities into the infrastructural citizenship of Flint residents.
{"title":"Negotiating infrastructural citizenship beyond the state: philanthropy, non-profit organizations, and the Flint Water Crisis","authors":"Melissa Heil","doi":"10.1080/02723638.2023.2259689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2023.2259689","url":null,"abstract":"The urban infrastructure literature has explored how infrastructure is tied to the politics of citizenship: states’ use of infrastructure to include/exclude populations and marginalized populations’ use of infrastructure to claim fuller citizenship. Often, this literature focuses on the relationship between governments and city dwellers, neglecting the role of other actors, like NGOs and philanthropic organizations, that influence infrastructural citizenship. A hallmark of neoliberalism in the Global North has been the transfer of responsibilities from the state to the non-profit sector, increasing these organizations’ power to shape urban citizenship. This paper examines how non-profit organizations participate in the politics of infrastructural citizenship by analyzing their role in providing emergency water infrastructure following the Flint Water Crisis. This process has been contradictory: the actions of these organizations have served as a lifeline in the face of state-enacted infrastructural violence, but also incorporate new inequalities into the infrastructural citizenship of Flint residents.","PeriodicalId":48178,"journal":{"name":"Urban Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2023.2247283
Elia Apostolopoulou, Han Cheng, Jonathan Silver, Alan Wiig
{"title":"Cities on the new silk road: the global urban geographies of China’s belt and road initiative","authors":"Elia Apostolopoulou, Han Cheng, Jonathan Silver, Alan Wiig","doi":"10.1080/02723638.2023.2247283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2023.2247283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48178,"journal":{"name":"Urban Geography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43202678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1080/02723638.2023.2253112
Robbin Jan van Duijne
{"title":"Injected urbanism: urban theory from India?","authors":"Robbin Jan van Duijne","doi":"10.1080/02723638.2023.2253112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2023.2253112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48178,"journal":{"name":"Urban Geography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48633310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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