Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.5.423
L. F. Merling, Jedidiah Siev, C. Delucia, J. Davidtz
Introduction: Self-efficacy (SE) has been explored extensively within the field of psychology. Despite a rich literature demonstrating its positive effect on various behavioral outcomes, including psychological treatment outcomes, little is known about the impact of SE on outcomes related to obsessive-compulsive disorder. To fill this critical gap in the literature, this study aims to examine the relationship between SE beliefs and contamination-related approach behavior and to determine whether increasing SE may improve engagement in exposure-based interventions for contamination fears. Method: Participants (N = 120) were randomly assigned to complete a contamination-related behavioral approach task (CR-BAT) immediately following either a SE-boosting exercise or a non-SE related control. Results: Self-reported contamination-relevant SE was positively correlated with approach behavior during the CR-BAT. However, there were no differences between conditions in contamination-related SE or approach behavior during the CR-BAT. Nevertheless, participants in the SE-boosting condition reported lower levels of anxiety during the CR-BAT than did those in the control condition, suggesting that the manipulation was effective in reducing subjective distress. Discussion: Future research using more effective methods to manipulate SE is required to examine the causality of this relationship.
{"title":"I Think I Can: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Exposure to Contamination","authors":"L. F. Merling, Jedidiah Siev, C. Delucia, J. Davidtz","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2022.41.5.423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.5.423","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Self-efficacy (SE) has been explored extensively within the field of psychology. Despite a rich literature demonstrating its positive effect on various behavioral outcomes, including psychological treatment outcomes, little is known about the impact of SE on outcomes related to obsessive-compulsive disorder. To fill this critical gap in the literature, this study aims to examine the relationship between SE beliefs and contamination-related approach behavior and to determine whether increasing SE may improve engagement in exposure-based interventions for contamination fears. Method: Participants (N = 120) were randomly assigned to complete a contamination-related behavioral approach task (CR-BAT) immediately following either a SE-boosting exercise or a non-SE related control. Results: Self-reported contamination-relevant SE was positively correlated with approach behavior during the CR-BAT. However, there were no differences between conditions in contamination-related SE or approach behavior during the CR-BAT. Nevertheless, participants in the SE-boosting condition reported lower levels of anxiety during the CR-BAT than did those in the control condition, suggesting that the manipulation was effective in reducing subjective distress. Discussion: Future research using more effective methods to manipulate SE is required to examine the causality of this relationship.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46989096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.5.463
E. Xie, Charlie Rioux, Joshua W. Madsen, C. Lebel, G. Giesbrecht, L. Tomfohr-Madsen
Introduction: Social capital is important for good mental health and the quality of close relationships is one key indicator of social capital. Examining the association between relationship quality and mental health may be particularly important during pregnancy as mental health concerns during this period pose significant risk to families. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to increased mental health problems among pregnant individuals. The resulting lockdown protocols of the pandemic have also disrupted larger social networks and couples spent more time together in the context of ongoing chronic stress, highlighting the particular importance of romantic relationship quality. This study explored longitudinal associations between relationship satisfaction, depression, and anxiety among pregnant individuals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Pregnant individuals (n = 1842) from the Pregnancy During the Pandemic Study were surveyed monthly (April-July 2020). Depression, anxiety symptoms, and relationship satisfaction were self-reported. Cross-lagged panel models were conducted to examine bidirectional associations between relationship satisfaction and mental health symptoms over time. Results: Relationship satisfaction was significantly correlated with depression and anxiety at all time points. Longitudinally, relationship satisfaction predicted later depression and anxiety symptoms, but depression and anxiety symptoms did not predict later relationship satisfaction. Discussion: This study suggests that poor relationship satisfaction was linked to subsequent elevations in prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relationship enhancement interventions during pregnancy may be a means of improving the mental health of pregnant individuals, and interrupting transgenerational transmission, during times of prolonged psychological distress.
{"title":"Romantic Relationship Quality and Mental Health in Pregnancy During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"E. Xie, Charlie Rioux, Joshua W. Madsen, C. Lebel, G. Giesbrecht, L. Tomfohr-Madsen","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2022.41.5.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.5.463","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Social capital is important for good mental health and the quality of close relationships is one key indicator of social capital. Examining the association between relationship quality and mental health may be particularly important during pregnancy as mental health concerns during this period pose significant risk to families. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to increased mental health problems among pregnant individuals. The resulting lockdown protocols of the pandemic have also disrupted larger social networks and couples spent more time together in the context of ongoing chronic stress, highlighting the particular importance of romantic relationship quality. This study explored longitudinal associations between relationship satisfaction, depression, and anxiety among pregnant individuals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Pregnant individuals (n = 1842) from the Pregnancy During the Pandemic Study were surveyed monthly (April-July 2020). Depression, anxiety symptoms, and relationship satisfaction were self-reported. Cross-lagged panel models were conducted to examine bidirectional associations between relationship satisfaction and mental health symptoms over time. Results: Relationship satisfaction was significantly correlated with depression and anxiety at all time points. Longitudinally, relationship satisfaction predicted later depression and anxiety symptoms, but depression and anxiety symptoms did not predict later relationship satisfaction. Discussion: This study suggests that poor relationship satisfaction was linked to subsequent elevations in prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relationship enhancement interventions during pregnancy may be a means of improving the mental health of pregnant individuals, and interrupting transgenerational transmission, during times of prolonged psychological distress.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47492140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.5.444
Dan V. Blalock, Shannon W. Schrader, J. Stuewig, June P Tangney, E. Masicampo
Introduction: Trait self-control is one of the most robust predictors of important life outcomes. Recent evidence suggests at least two domains of self-control: inhibitory self-control (refraining from more attractive but goal-inconsistent behaviors) and initiatory self-control (engaging in and persisting in less attractive but goal-consistent behaviors). Methods: We examined longitudinal associations between these two self-control domains and subsequent post-incarceration behaviors in 492 jail inmates with a combination of self-reported questionnaires and official arrest records. Results: The two constructs were moderately associated, evidencing a similar-yet-distinct association of the same magnitude as depression and anxiety. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that inhibitory self-control uniquely predicted less recidivism and substance dependence, and better community adjustment. Initiatory self-control uniquely predicted less recidivism and better community adjustment. As expected, inhibitory self-control was a significantly better predictor of substance dependence than initiatory self-control. Discussion: These results have theoretical implications for the measurement of self-control and practical implications for the prediction of impactful post-incarceration behaviors and more precise interventions targeting specific self-control deficits.
{"title":"Resisting vs. Persisting: Different Types of Self-Control Predict Different Outcomes Following Incarceration","authors":"Dan V. Blalock, Shannon W. Schrader, J. Stuewig, June P Tangney, E. Masicampo","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2022.41.5.444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.5.444","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Trait self-control is one of the most robust predictors of important life outcomes. Recent evidence suggests at least two domains of self-control: inhibitory self-control (refraining from more attractive but goal-inconsistent behaviors) and initiatory self-control (engaging in and persisting in less attractive but goal-consistent behaviors). Methods: We examined longitudinal associations between these two self-control domains and subsequent post-incarceration behaviors in 492 jail inmates with a combination of self-reported questionnaires and official arrest records. Results: The two constructs were moderately associated, evidencing a similar-yet-distinct association of the same magnitude as depression and anxiety. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that inhibitory self-control uniquely predicted less recidivism and substance dependence, and better community adjustment. Initiatory self-control uniquely predicted less recidivism and better community adjustment. As expected, inhibitory self-control was a significantly better predictor of substance dependence than initiatory self-control. Discussion: These results have theoretical implications for the measurement of self-control and practical implications for the prediction of impactful post-incarceration behaviors and more precise interventions targeting specific self-control deficits.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":"114 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41245100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.326
Ilana Ladis, A. Daros, M. Boukhechba, Katharine E. Daniel, Philip I. Chow, Miranda L. Beltzer, Laura E. Barnes, B. Teachman
Introduction: The current studies examined how smartphone-assessed contextual features (i.e., location, time-of-day, social situation, and affect) contribute to the relative likelihood of emotion regulation strategy endorsement in daily life. Methods: Emotion regulation strategy endorsement and concurrent contextual features were assessed either passively (e.g., via GPS coordinates) or via self-report among unselected (Study 1: N = 112; duration = 2 weeks) and socially anxious (Study 2: N = 106; duration = 5 weeks) young adults. Results: An analysis of 2,891 (Study 1) and 12,289 (Study 2) mobile phone survey responses indicated small differences in rates of emotion regulation strategy endorsement across location (e.g., home vs. work/education settings), time-of-day (e.g., afternoon vs. evening), time-of-week (i.e., weekdays vs. weekends) and social context (e.g., with others vs. alone). However, emotion regulation patterns differed markedly depending on the set of emotion regulation strategies examined, which likely partly explains some inconsistent results across the studies. Also, many observed effects were no longer significant after accounting for state affect in the models. Discussion: Results demonstrate how contextual information collected with relatively low (or no) participant burden can add to our understanding of emotion regulation in daily life, yet it is important to consider state affect alongside other contextual features when drawing conclusions about how people regulate their emotions.
{"title":"When and Where Do People Regulate Their Emotions? Patterns of Emotion Regulation in Unselected and Socially Anxious Young Adults","authors":"Ilana Ladis, A. Daros, M. Boukhechba, Katharine E. Daniel, Philip I. Chow, Miranda L. Beltzer, Laura E. Barnes, B. Teachman","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.326","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The current studies examined how smartphone-assessed contextual features (i.e., location, time-of-day, social situation, and affect) contribute to the relative likelihood of emotion regulation strategy endorsement in daily life. Methods: Emotion regulation strategy endorsement and concurrent contextual features were assessed either passively (e.g., via GPS coordinates) or via self-report among unselected (Study 1: N = 112; duration = 2 weeks) and socially anxious (Study 2: N = 106; duration = 5 weeks) young adults. Results: An analysis of 2,891 (Study 1) and 12,289 (Study 2) mobile phone survey responses indicated small differences in rates of emotion regulation strategy endorsement across location (e.g., home vs. work/education settings), time-of-day (e.g., afternoon vs. evening), time-of-week (i.e., weekdays vs. weekends) and social context (e.g., with others vs. alone). However, emotion regulation patterns differed markedly depending on the set of emotion regulation strategies examined, which likely partly explains some inconsistent results across the studies. Also, many observed effects were no longer significant after accounting for state affect in the models. Discussion: Results demonstrate how contextual information collected with relatively low (or no) participant burden can add to our understanding of emotion regulation in daily life, yet it is important to consider state affect alongside other contextual features when drawing conclusions about how people regulate their emotions.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48832302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.365
A. Pink, Phoebe X. H. Lim, A. Y. Sim, B. Cheon
Introduction: Experimental research has examined the effect of social media on body dissatisfaction, but little attention has been given to the impact on eating behavior. Across two studies, we tested the causal relationship between acute social media use, body dissatisfaction and eating behavior. Methods: In Study 1, 80 female participants (age: M = 20.75 years; BMI: M = 21.3) viewed their own Facebook account or a news website before completing a portion size selection task. In Study 2 (pre-registered), 148 participants (81 females; age: M = 20.92 years; BMI: M = 22.19), viewed their own or an experimenter-curated Instagram profile before consuming potato chips ad-libitum. Results: In Study 1, body dissatisfaction was significantly higher in participants who viewed Facebook (compared to a news website) and significantly mediated the effect of condition on portion size selection. In Study 2, regardless of condition females reported significantly smaller ideal body sizes and higher body dissatisfaction compared to males. When females reported a thinner body size as ideal, females in the personal Instagram consumed significantly less potato chips than those in the control Instagram condition. When males reported a smaller actual body size, males in the personal Instagram condition consumed significantly less potato chips than males in the control Instagram condition. Discussion: Findings suggest brief bouts of social media use may produce immediate disruptions to body image of both sexes, and restrained snack intake of females endorsing thin ideals.
{"title":"The Effects of Acute Social Media Exposure on Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Behavior of Male and Female Students","authors":"A. Pink, Phoebe X. H. Lim, A. Y. Sim, B. Cheon","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.365","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Experimental research has examined the effect of social media on body dissatisfaction, but little attention has been given to the impact on eating behavior. Across two studies, we tested the causal relationship between acute social media use, body dissatisfaction and eating behavior. Methods: In Study 1, 80 female participants (age: M = 20.75 years; BMI: M = 21.3) viewed their own Facebook account or a news website before completing a portion size selection task. In Study 2 (pre-registered), 148 participants (81 females; age: M = 20.92 years; BMI: M = 22.19), viewed their own or an experimenter-curated Instagram profile before consuming potato chips ad-libitum. Results: In Study 1, body dissatisfaction was significantly higher in participants who viewed Facebook (compared to a news website) and significantly mediated the effect of condition on portion size selection. In Study 2, regardless of condition females reported significantly smaller ideal body sizes and higher body dissatisfaction compared to males. When females reported a thinner body size as ideal, females in the personal Instagram consumed significantly less potato chips than those in the control Instagram condition. When males reported a smaller actual body size, males in the personal Instagram condition consumed significantly less potato chips than males in the control Instagram condition. Discussion: Findings suggest brief bouts of social media use may produce immediate disruptions to body image of both sexes, and restrained snack intake of females endorsing thin ideals.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42875238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.299
Emily M. Erb, M. Busseri
INTRODUCTION: We examined the implications of viewing mental health problems as changeable through personal effort (incremental lay theory), fixed due to genetics (entity lay theory), or manageable through perseverance on perceptions of others with mental health problems. METHOD: In two preregistered studies, samples of online American participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: manageable, incremental (changeable), entity (fixed), or control, and completed self-report measures of onset responsibility, offset efficacy, blame, stigma, willingness to help, and perceived likelihood of success of interventions aimed at helping those with mental health problems. RESULTS: In both studies, the manipulation had a significant effect on each outcome except willingness to help. Compared to the entity (fixed) condition, individuals in the incremental (changeable) condition reported significantly higher offset efficacy and perceived likelihood of success, but also higher onset responsibility and blame. Results for the manageable condition were similar to the incremental (changeable) condition but individuals in the manageable condition also reported lower responsibility (Study 1) as well as lower blame and stigma (Study 2). DISCUSSION: This work informs the ‘double-edged sword’ effects of holding incremental (changeable) or entity (fixed) lay theories concerning mental health problems. Findings also provide evidence that viewing mental health problems as manageable may reduce some of the negative and boost the positive implications associated with incremental (changeable) and entity (fixed) lay theories.
{"title":"Examining the Double-Edged Sword Effects of Lay Theories of Mental Health on Perceptions and Treatment of Others with Mental Health Problems","authors":"Emily M. Erb, M. Busseri","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.299","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: We examined the implications of viewing mental health problems as changeable through personal effort (incremental lay theory), fixed due to genetics (entity lay theory), or manageable through perseverance on perceptions of others with mental health problems. METHOD: In two preregistered studies, samples of online American participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: manageable, incremental (changeable), entity (fixed), or control, and completed self-report measures of onset responsibility, offset efficacy, blame, stigma, willingness to help, and perceived likelihood of success of interventions aimed at helping those with mental health problems. RESULTS: In both studies, the manipulation had a significant effect on each outcome except willingness to help. Compared to the entity (fixed) condition, individuals in the incremental (changeable) condition reported significantly higher offset efficacy and perceived likelihood of success, but also higher onset responsibility and blame. Results for the manageable condition were similar to the incremental (changeable) condition but individuals in the manageable condition also reported lower responsibility (Study 1) as well as lower blame and stigma (Study 2). DISCUSSION: This work informs the ‘double-edged sword’ effects of holding incremental (changeable) or entity (fixed) lay theories concerning mental health problems. Findings also provide evidence that viewing mental health problems as manageable may reduce some of the negative and boost the positive implications associated with incremental (changeable) and entity (fixed) lay theories.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44544518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.398
C. Segrin, R. A. Cooper
Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) reliably co-occurs with psychological distress. However, understanding the precise nature of the association between these two classes of variables, as potential cause or effect, is complicated by the fact that victimization of IPV is not often studied controlling for simultaneous perpetration, and vice versa. It is therefore important to control for one form of IPV when testing predictors of the other to accurately understand the extent to which psychological distress may predispose people to these serious interpersonal problems. Method: Two national survey studies were conducted to test the unique associations between victimization and perpetration of IPV with psychological distress. In the first study, 773 adults completed survey measures of IPV (victimization and perpetration) and psychological distress (depression and stress). In the second study, 389 participants completed the same measures as in Study 1, but at two waves separated by three months (T1-T2 follow-up rate 73%). Results: In study 1, both depression and stress were concurrently associated with perpetrating IPV, when controlling for victimization. However, only depression was associated with victimization, after controlling for perpetration. Results of study 2 showed that both depression and stress are prospectively associated with IPV victimization. However, they are not prospectively associated with IPV perpetration, net the effect of IPV victimization. Discussion: These results are consistent with the interactional model of depression by showing that people with depression, and high levels of stress, are at heightened risk for experiencing IPV, even after controlling for their own propensity to enact IPV.
{"title":"Unique Effects of Psychological Distress in Victimization and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence","authors":"C. Segrin, R. A. Cooper","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.398","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) reliably co-occurs with psychological distress. However, understanding the precise nature of the association between these two classes of variables, as potential cause or effect, is complicated by the fact that victimization of IPV is not often studied controlling for simultaneous perpetration, and vice versa. It is therefore important to control for one form of IPV when testing predictors of the other to accurately understand the extent to which psychological distress may predispose people to these serious interpersonal problems. Method: Two national survey studies were conducted to test the unique associations between victimization and perpetration of IPV with psychological distress. In the first study, 773 adults completed survey measures of IPV (victimization and perpetration) and psychological distress (depression and stress). In the second study, 389 participants completed the same measures as in Study 1, but at two waves separated by three months (T1-T2 follow-up rate 73%). Results: In study 1, both depression and stress were concurrently associated with perpetrating IPV, when controlling for victimization. However, only depression was associated with victimization, after controlling for perpetration. Results of study 2 showed that both depression and stress are prospectively associated with IPV victimization. However, they are not prospectively associated with IPV perpetration, net the effect of IPV victimization. Discussion: These results are consistent with the interactional model of depression by showing that people with depression, and high levels of stress, are at heightened risk for experiencing IPV, even after controlling for their own propensity to enact IPV.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42225474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.3.264
Michael D. Robinson, Roberta L. Irvin
Introduction: Image schemas are perceptual-motor simulations of the world that are likely to have broad importance in understanding models of the self and its regulatory operations. Methods: Seven samples of participants (total N = 1,011) rated their preferences for unspecified entities being “open” or “closed” and scores along this dimension were linked to variations in personality, emotion, and psychopathology. Results: Individuals endorsing closed preferences to a greater extent were prone to neuroticism (Study 1), experiential avoidance (Study 2), negative affect in daily life (Study 3), and symptoms of anxiety and depression (Study 4). Discussion: Although closed preferences are likely to be endorsed for protective reasons (inasmuch as the contents of closed objects are better protected), such preferences are linked to higher, rather than lower, levels of neuroticism and distress. The findings offer new evidence for theories of neuroticism and psychopathology that emphasize operations related to defensive motivation and experiential avoidance.
{"title":"Seeking Protection, Finding Despair: Closed Preferences as a Model of Neuroticism-Linked Distress","authors":"Michael D. Robinson, Roberta L. Irvin","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2022.41.3.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.3.264","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Image schemas are perceptual-motor simulations of the world that are likely to have broad importance in understanding models of the self and its regulatory operations. Methods: Seven samples of participants (total N = 1,011) rated their preferences for unspecified entities being “open” or “closed” and scores along this dimension were linked to variations in personality, emotion, and psychopathology. Results: Individuals endorsing closed preferences to a greater extent were prone to neuroticism (Study 1), experiential avoidance (Study 2), negative affect in daily life (Study 3), and symptoms of anxiety and depression (Study 4). Discussion: Although closed preferences are likely to be endorsed for protective reasons (inasmuch as the contents of closed objects are better protected), such preferences are linked to higher, rather than lower, levels of neuroticism and distress. The findings offer new evidence for theories of neuroticism and psychopathology that emphasize operations related to defensive motivation and experiential avoidance.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49408492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.3.217
G. Keijsers, Arie de Vries, Ingeborg Hopman, G. Hutschemaekers, C. Witteman
Introduction: The present study sought a better understanding of the sources of client-perceived quality of the working alliance. Methods: At the end of psychotherapy sessions 3 and 5, 60 outpatient clients completed the Working Alliance Inventory-client form (WAI-c) and the Counselor Rating Form (CRF) measuring perceived therapists’ social power. At the same time, therapists estimated their clients’ WAI-c ratings (WAI-c-t). Also, frequency/duration of seven video-recorded positive nonverbal therapist behaviors in session 3 were coded. Results: WAI-c correlations with CRF were high (rs = .62 and .81) and WAI-c-moderate was (rs = .33 and .49). Nonverbal therapist codes, jointly (p = .64) and separately (ρs ≤ .14), were unrelated to WAI-c ratings, with the exception of Forward lean frequency (ρ = .29). Discussion: Client-perceived quality of the working alliance relates to therapists coming across as attractive, skilled, and trustworthy rather than to their actual positive nonverbal behavior.
{"title":"Client-Rated Working Alliance Quality Relates to Perceptions of Therapists as Trustworthy Experts, Rather Than to Therapists' Positive Nonverbal Behavior","authors":"G. Keijsers, Arie de Vries, Ingeborg Hopman, G. Hutschemaekers, C. Witteman","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2022.41.3.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.3.217","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study sought a better understanding of the sources of client-perceived quality of the working alliance. Methods: At the end of psychotherapy sessions 3 and 5, 60 outpatient clients completed the Working Alliance Inventory-client form (WAI-c) and the Counselor Rating Form (CRF) measuring perceived therapists’ social power. At the same time, therapists estimated their clients’ WAI-c ratings (WAI-c-t). Also, frequency/duration of seven video-recorded positive nonverbal therapist behaviors in session 3 were coded. Results: WAI-c correlations with CRF were high (rs = .62 and .81) and WAI-c-moderate was (rs = .33 and .49). Nonverbal therapist codes, jointly (p = .64) and separately (ρs ≤ .14), were unrelated to WAI-c ratings, with the exception of Forward lean frequency (ρ = .29). Discussion: Client-perceived quality of the working alliance relates to therapists coming across as attractive, skilled, and trustworthy rather than to their actual positive nonverbal behavior.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67185298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2022.41.3.199
F. Rubió, Jaime Navarrete, A. Cebolla, V. Guillén, Mercedes Jorquera, R. Baños
Introduction: Expressed emotion (EE) is a global index of attitudes, emotions, and behaviors of relatives who have family members with a mental or psychiatric disorder. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to study EE in relatives and patients’ perceived EE in a borderline personality disorder (BPD) outpatient sample. Methods: The sample was composed of 134 relatives and 111 BPD outpatients who were receiving psychological treatment. Relevant clinical outcomes, number of medical visits, EE in relatives and perceived EE in BPD patients were measured. Subsequently, descriptive statistical analyses, dependent-samples t tests, and correlation analyses were performed. Results: Relatives' EE was not significantly different than patients' perceived EE. Expressed emotion factors were weakly associated to emergency department visits and hospital admissions. Discussion: Contrary to EE studies in other diagnoses, results show that the BPD patients' emotional climate in their proximate relationships might not influence health care use.
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