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Pleasurable emotions and internalizing psychopathology: A multi-study examination of specificity and alternative explanations 愉悦情绪与内化心理病理学:对特异性和替代解释的多项研究。
IF 3.8 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12474
Ariana Andrea Castro, Sam DeHart, Howard Berenbaum

Objectives

Past research has been inconclusive regarding the specificity of associations between discrete pleasurable emotions and internalizing symptoms. Contentment may be especially relevant to depression, whereas tranquillity may be especially relevant to worry. The goal of the current research was to clarify the mixed findings regarding the relation between pleasure deficits and internalizing psychopathology.

Methods

Participants from three samples (Total N = 757) completed alternative measures of depression and pleasurable emotions. Participants in Study 1 also completed a measure of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure, and close peers to a subset of participants (N = 64) reported their perceptions of participants' depression severity. Participants in Studies 2 and 3 also completed a measure of worry.

Results

Across the three samples, contentment was significantly negatively associated with self-reported depression. This association could not be accounted for by tranquillity, cheerfulness, anticipatory pleasure, or consummatory pleasure. Contentment was also strongly negatively associated with peer-reported depression. Contentment was more strongly associated with depression than was cheerfulness. However, the strength of the association between contentment and depression relative to the strength of the association between tranquillity and depression depended on how contentment and depression were measured. Conversely, tranquillity was more strongly associated with worry than were contentment or cheerfulness.

Conclusions

This study provides further evidence of the potential importance of the role of contentment in depression and tranquillity in worry. It may be useful to attend to contentment when assessing and treating depression and to attend to tranquillity when assessing and treating elevated worry.

研究目的过去的研究对离散的愉悦情绪与内化症状之间的特异性并无定论。满足感可能与抑郁特别相关,而宁静则可能与忧虑特别相关。本研究的目的是澄清关于愉悦感缺失与内化心理病理学之间关系的混合研究结果:来自三个样本的参与者(总人数 = 757)完成了抑郁和愉悦情绪的替代测量。研究 1 的参与者还完成了一项预期愉悦和消费愉悦的测量,参与者子集(N = 64)的亲密同伴报告了他们对参与者抑郁严重程度的看法。研究 2 和研究 3 的参与者还完成了一项担忧测量:结果:在三个样本中,知足与自我报告的抑郁呈显著负相关。这种关联无法用宁静、开朗、预期愉悦或消耗性愉悦来解释。知足也与同伴报告的抑郁呈显著负相关。与开朗相比,知足与抑郁的关系更为密切。然而,相对于宁静与抑郁之间的关联强度,知足与抑郁之间的关联强度取决于如何测量知足和抑郁。相反,宁静比知足或开朗与忧虑的关联性更强:本研究进一步证明了知足对抑郁和宁静对忧虑的潜在重要性。在评估和治疗抑郁时关注满足感,在评估和治疗升高的担忧时关注宁静感,可能会有所帮助。
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引用次数: 0
How etiological beliefs contribute to the structure of depression symptom networks 病因信念是如何促成抑郁症状网络结构的?
IF 3.8 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12476
Michael R. Gallagher, Amanda C. Collins, Sonora Goldman, Jessica S. Bryant, E. Samuel Winer

Objectives

Each person possesses a unique view surrounding depressive symptomology and etiology that is shaped by idiosyncratic experiences. However, the influence that subjective etiological beliefs regarding a person's depressive symptoms have on actual symptom presentation and organization is seldom considered.

Methods

The current study employed network analytic techniques to examine how subjective views surrounding the cause of depressive symptoms altered actual symptom presentation networks. Additionally, the interaction between depressive symptoms and various etiological beliefs was examined.

Results

The results revealed that characterological beliefs, representing the idea that depression is caused by an internal sense of self, are strongly connected to a negative view of self, as well as a saddened mood. Additionally, the characterological beliefs node exhibited the greatest node predictability in its respective network, as well as in an omnibus network consisting of all depression symptoms and potential etiological beliefs. Whereas an achievement-based view of depression has a strong connection with concentration difficulties, a physical view of depression tends to form strong connections with physically based depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Subjective views regarding the cause of depression have the potential to influence symptom presentation and organization within a network, which may influence a person's willingness to engage in treatment or specific treatment preferences.

目的:每个人对抑郁症状和病因都有自己独特的看法,这种看法是由其特殊经历形成的。然而,关于抑郁症状的主观病因信念对实际症状表现和组织的影响却很少被考虑:本研究采用了网络分析技术来研究围绕抑郁症状成因的主观观点是如何改变实际症状表现网络的。此外,还研究了抑郁症状与各种病因信念之间的相互作用:结果发现,代表抑郁症是由内在自我意识引起的观点的性格信念与消极的自我观以及悲伤的情绪密切相关。此外,在其各自的网络中,以及在由所有抑郁症状和潜在病因信念组成的综合网络中,性格信念节点表现出最大的节点可预测性。基于成就的抑郁观点与注意力不集中有密切联系,而基于身体的抑郁观点往往与基于身体的抑郁症状有密切联系:结论:对抑郁症病因的主观看法有可能影响症状的表现和网络中的组织,这可能会影响一个人接受治疗的意愿或具体的治疗偏好。
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引用次数: 0
'School-based screen-and-treat': An effective blueprint for expediating access to care in children experiencing PTSD following disasters. 校本筛查和治疗":为灾后创伤后应激障碍儿童提供快速治疗的有效蓝图。
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12475
Vanessa E Cobham, Brett McDermott

Objectives: While 5%-10% of children exposed to natural disasters develop PTSD, few children access support. This paper reports on the proactive 'screen-and-treat' approach deployed following devastating floods in Queensland, Australia, in 2011 and presents results for children in the Lockyer Valley (the most impacted community).

Design: Open treatment study (2011-2012) within a government-funded post-disaster service response.

Methods: One hundred and fifty children (7-12 years) completed pencil-and-paper screening (PTSD, anxiety and depression) at school. Eighty children endorsing either clinical levels of PTSD, or moderate levels of PTSD and clinical levels of either anxiety or depression, and their parents, completed a structured diagnostic interview. Forty-eight children were offered a free trauma-focused CBT intervention. The parents of 19 children accepted this offer. Most clinicians were clinical psychology trainees from local universities. All measures were repeated at post-treatment, 6- and 12-month follow-up. Note: The term 'parents' is used to refer to the wide variety of people serving as a child's primary caregiver.

Results: Pre-treatment, all children met diagnostic criteria for full (N = 17) or sub-clinical PTSD. By post-treatment, 10.5% met criteria for PTSD, with 0% meeting criteria at the 12-month follow-up. The incidence of anxiety and depressive disorders also reduced significantly. There were no differences in outcomes for children seen by trainees compared to experienced clinicians.

Conclusions: A school-based screen-and-treat approach offers potential as a means of identifying and treating children following natural disaster exposure. However, engagement of families at the outset, and when offering intervention was challenging. Postgraduate trainees represent an effective potential workforce in a post-disaster environment.

目标:5%-10%遭受自然灾害的儿童会患上创伤后应激障碍,但获得支持的儿童却寥寥无几。本文报告了 2011 年澳大利亚昆士兰州发生特大洪灾后采取的积极 "筛查-治疗 "方法,并介绍了洛克耶山谷(受灾最严重的社区)儿童的治疗结果:设计:在政府资助的灾后服务响应范围内开展开放式治疗研究(2011-2012 年):150 名儿童(7-12 岁)在学校完成了纸笔筛查(创伤后应激障碍、焦虑和抑郁)。80名患有临床水平的创伤后应激障碍或中度创伤后应激障碍以及临床水平的焦虑症或抑郁症的儿童及其家长完成了结构化诊断访谈。48 名儿童接受了免费的以创伤为重点的 CBT 干预治疗。19 名儿童的家长接受了这一建议。大多数临床医生都是来自当地大学的临床心理学实习生。所有测量均在治疗后、6 个月和 12 个月的随访中重复进行。注:"父母 "一词是指作为儿童主要照顾者的各种人员:治疗前,所有儿童均符合完全创伤后应激障碍(N = 17)或亚临床创伤后应激障碍的诊断标准。在治疗后,10.5%的儿童符合创伤后应激障碍的诊断标准,其中 0% 的儿童在 12 个月的随访中符合标准。焦虑症和抑郁症的发病率也明显降低。与经验丰富的临床医生相比,受训者为儿童提供的治疗结果没有差异:以学校为基础的筛查和治疗方法为识别和治疗遭受自然灾害的儿童提供了一种潜在的方法。然而,在一开始和提供干预时,家庭的参与是具有挑战性的。研究生学员是灾后环境中一支有效的潜在劳动力。
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引用次数: 0
Improving access to psychological intervention in low-middle income settings: Results from a waitlist-controlled, proof-of-concept trial of the MemFlex intervention for trauma-exposed Afghan youth. 改善在中低收入环境中获得心理干预的机会:针对受创伤影响的阿富汗青少年的 MemFlex 干预概念验证试验的候选名单对照结果。
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12473
Vida Mirabolfathi, Mohammad H Choobin, Ali Reza Moradi, Fatemeh Sanambari, Shahryar Naeini, Mohamad Mahdavi, Caitlin Hitchcock

Background: Low-intensity interventions targeting a range of mental health issues offer a scalable approach for young trauma survivors in low-middle income countries.

Aims: Here, we present results from a proof-of-concept, randomized, waitlist-controlled trial evaluating MemFlex, an autobiographical memory-based intervention, for trauma-exposed Afghan youth residing in Iran. MemFlex seeks to reduce the negative and overgeneral memory biases which maintain and predict poor mental health.

Materials and methods: Young people aged 12-18 years (N = 40) with parents who had experienced forced migration from Afghanistan were recruited from high schools in Karaj City in Iran. All had experienced a traumatic event in the last year. Participants were randomized to receive four weeks of a group-based delivery of MemFlex or Waitlist. Our primary cognitive outcome was autobiographical memory flexibility, that is, the ability to deliberately retrieve any memory type on demand. Primary clinical outcome was emotional distress, measured on the Farsi version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist.

Results: Results indicated that MemFlex participants demonstrated large effect sizes for pre-to-post improvement in memory flexibility (d = 2.04) and emotional distress (d = 1.23). These improvements were significantly larger than Waitlist (ds < .49), and were maintained at three-month follow-up.

Discussion: Positive benefits were observed for completion of MemFlex, and future comparison against an active intervention appears warranted.

Conclusion: Further evaluation of MemFlex in this context may offer a low-cost, and low-resource intervention to improve access to psychological intervention for young migrants in low-middle income countries.

背景:针对一系列心理健康问题的低强度干预措施为中低收入国家的年轻创伤幸存者提供了一种可推广的方法。目的:在此,我们介绍了一项概念验证、随机、候选名单对照试验的结果,该试验评估了基于自传体记忆的干预措施 MemFlex,针对居住在伊朗的受创伤影响的阿富汗青年。MemFlex旨在减少维持和预测不良心理健康的负面和过度的记忆偏差:从伊朗卡拉杰市的高中招募了年龄在 12-18 岁的青少年(N=40),他们的父母都曾被迫从阿富汗移民到伊朗。所有人在过去一年中都经历过创伤事件。参与者被随机分配接受为期四周的 MemFlex 或 Waitlist 小组授课。我们的主要认知结果是自传体记忆的灵活性,即根据需要有意检索任何记忆类型的能力。主要临床结果是情绪困扰,采用霍普金斯症状检查表的波斯语版本进行测量:结果表明,MemFlex 参与者在记忆灵活性(d = 2.04)和情绪困扰(d = 1.23)方面的前后改善效果非常明显。这些改善明显大于候补名单(ds 讨论):在完成 MemFlex 后观察到了积极的益处,今后似乎有必要与积极干预进行比较:在这种情况下对 MemFlex 的进一步评估可能会提供一种低成本、低资源的干预方法,以改善中低收入国家年轻移民获得心理干预的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Specificity of cost and probability biases in social anxiety: Comparing status and belongingness threats 社交焦虑中成本和概率偏差的特异性:比较地位威胁和归属威胁
IF 3.8 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12472
Roy Azoulay, Eva Gilboa-Schechtman

Background

Social anxiety (SA) is characterized by concerns about the expected occurrence (probability) and anticipated distress (cost) of social threats. Unclear is whether SA correlates specifically with biased expectations of belongingness or status threats.

Aims

We aimed to discern if SA is uniquely tied to biased expectancies of either belongingness or status threats.

Materials and Methods

We assessed 757 participants' perceptions of exclusion and put-down scenarios, analysing associations between SA and threat perceptions.

Discussion

Our findings support the status-sensitivity hypothesis, suggesting individuals with high SA are particularly attuned to the perceived cost of status threats, potentially informing treatment approaches.

Conclusion

Understanding SA's link to status concerns enhances therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the need to address status-related situations, cognitions, and emotions in interventions.

背景:社交焦虑(SA)的特征是对社交威胁的预期发生(概率)和预期痛苦(代价)的担忧。目的:我们的目的是了解社交焦虑是否与对归属感或地位威胁的偏差预期有独特联系:我们评估了757名参与者对排斥和贬低情景的感知,分析了SA与威胁感知之间的关联:讨论:我们的研究结果支持地位敏感性假说,表明高自闭症患者对地位威胁的感知成本尤为敏感,这有可能为治疗方法提供参考:结论:了解SA与地位问题之间的联系可以加强治疗策略,强调在干预过程中需要解决与地位相关的情况、认知和情绪问题。
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引用次数: 0
Using machine learning to increase access to and engagement with trauma-focused interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. 利用机器学习技术提高创伤后应激障碍干预的可及性和参与度。
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12468
Ariella P Lenton-Brym, Alexis Collins, Jeanine Lane, Carlos Busso, Jessica Ouyang, Skye Fitzpatrick, Janice R Kuo, Candice M Monson

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) poses a global public health challenge. Evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) for PTSD reduce symptoms and improve functioning (Forbes et al., Guilford Press, 2020, 3). However, a number of barriers to access and engagement with these interventions prevail. As a result, the use of EBPs in community settings remains disappointingly low (Charney et al., Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11, 2019, 793; Richards et al., Community Mental Health Journal, 53, 2017, 215), and not all patients who receive an EBP for PTSD benefit optimally (Asmundson et al., Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 48, 2019, 1). Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have introduced new possibilities for increasinfg access to and quality of mental health interventions.

Aims: The present paper reviews key barriers to accessing and engaging in EBPs for PTSD, discusses current applications of AI in PTSD treatment and provides recommendations for future AI integrations aimed at reducing barriers to access and engagement.

Discussion: We propose that AI may be utilized to (1) assess treatment fidelity; (2) elucidate novel predictors of treatment dropout and outcomes; and (3) facilitate patient engagement with the tasks of therapy, including therapy practice. Potential avenues for technological advancements are also considered.

背景:创伤后应激障碍(PTSD创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一项全球性的公共卫生挑战。针对创伤后应激障碍的循证心理疗法(EBPs)可减轻症状并改善功能(Forbes 等人,Guilford Press, 2020, 3)。然而,获得和参与这些干预措施普遍存在一些障碍。因此,EBPs 在社区环境中的使用率仍然很低,令人失望(Charney 等人,《心理创伤》:理论、研究、实践和政策》,11,2019,793;Richards 等人,《社区心理健康杂志》,53,2017,215),而且并非所有接受创伤后应激障碍 EBP 治疗的患者都能获得最佳疗效(Asmundson 等人,《认知行为疗法》,48,2019,1)。人工智能(AI)的进步为提高心理健康干预措施的可及性和质量带来了新的可能性。目的:本文回顾了获得和参与创伤后应激障碍 EBPs 治疗的主要障碍,讨论了当前人工智能在创伤后应激障碍治疗中的应用,并为未来人工智能的整合提供了建议,旨在减少获得和参与的障碍:我们建议可利用人工智能来:(1)评估治疗的忠实性;(2)阐明治疗辍学和治疗结果的新预测因素;以及(3)促进患者参与治疗任务,包括治疗实践。此外,还考虑了技术进步的潜在途径。
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引用次数: 0
Threat, safety, safeness and social safeness 30 years on: Fundamental dimensions and distinctions for mental health and well-being 威胁、安全、安全和社会安全 30 年后的今天:心理健康与幸福的基本维度和区别
IF 3.8 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12466
Paul Gilbert

In 1993, the British Journal of Clinical Psychology published my paper titled ‘Defence and safety: Their function in social behaviour and psychopathology’. The paper highlights that to understand people's sensitivity to threat, we also need to understand their ability to identify what is safe. This paper offers an update on these concepts, highlighting distinctions that were implicit but not clearly defined at the time. Hence, the paper seeks to clarify distinctions between: (i) threat detection and response, (ii) safety and safety seeking, (iii) safeness and (iv) their social and non-social functions and forms. Threat detection and response are to prevent or minimize harm (e.g., run from a predator or fire). Safety checking relates to monitoring for the absence and avoidance of threat, while safety seeking links to the destination of the defensive behaviour (e.g., running home). Safety seeking also relates to maintaining vigilance to the appearance of potential harms and doing things believed to avoid harm. Threat-defending and safety checking and seeking are regulated primarily through evolved threat processing systems that monitor the nature, presence, controllability and/or absence of threat (e.g., amygdala and sympathetic nervous system). Safeness uses different monitoring systems via different psychophysiological systems (e.g., prefrontal cortex, parasympathetic system) for the presence of internal and external resources that support threat-coping, risk-taking, resource exploration. Creating brain states that recruit safeness processing can impact how standard evidence-based therapies (e.g., exposure, distress tolerance and reappraisal) are experienced and produce long-term change.

1993 年,《英国临床心理学杂志》发表了我的论文《防御与安全:它们在社会行为和精神病理学中的功能》。该论文强调,要了解人们对威胁的敏感性,我们还需要了解他们识别安全事物的能力。本文对这些概念进行了更新,强调了当时隐含但未明确定义的区别。因此,本文试图厘清以下概念之间的区别:(i) 威胁侦测与应对;(ii) 安全与寻求安全;(iii) 安全性;(iv) 它们的社会和非社会功能与形式。威胁探测和反应是为了防止或尽量减少伤害(例如,逃离捕食者或火灾)。安全检查与监测是否存在威胁和避免威胁有关,而寻求安全则与防卫行为的目的地有关(如跑回家)。寻求安全也是指对潜在伤害的出现保持警惕,并做一些认为可以避免伤害的事情。威胁防御、安全检查和寻求主要通过进化的威胁处理系统来调节,这些系统监测威胁的性质、存在、可控性和/或不存在(如杏仁核和交感神经系统)。安全感则通过不同的心理生理系统(如前额叶皮层、副交感神经系统)使用不同的监控系统,以监控支持威胁应对、冒险和资源探索的内部和外部资源的存在。创造能够促进安全处理的大脑状态,可以影响标准循证疗法(如暴露疗法、痛苦耐受疗法和重新评估疗法)的体验方式,并产生长期的改变。
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引用次数: 0
Interpersonal sensitivity predicts slower change and less change in anxiety symptoms in cognitive behavioural therapy 人际关系敏感性可预测认知行为疗法中焦虑症状的缓慢变化和较小变化
IF 3.8 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12470
Jiyoung Song, Genevieve Freedman, Letian Li, Jacqueline B. Persons

Objectives

Patients in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) who are high in interpersonal sensitivity may have difficulty fully engaging in treatment because therapy sessions require intimate interpersonal interactions that are especially uncomfortable for these individuals. The current study tests the hypotheses that patients who are high in interpersonal sensitivity benefit less from CBT for symptoms of depression and anxiety, show a slower rate of change in those symptoms, and are more likely to drop out of treatment.

Methods

Participants were 832 outpatients who received naturalistic CBT. We assessed interpersonal sensitivity before treatment began and depression and anxiety symptoms at every therapy session. We assessed early, premature, and uncollaborative termination after treatment ended. We constructed multilevel linear regression models and logistic regression models to assess the effects of baseline interpersonal sensitivity on the treatment outcome, the slope of change in depression and anxiety symptoms, and each type of dropout.

Results

Higher baseline interpersonal sensitivity was associated with a slower rate of change and less overall change in anxiety but not depressive symptoms. Baseline interpersonal sensitivity was not a predictor of dropout.

Conclusions

Interpersonal sensitivity at baseline predicts less change and a slower rate of change in anxiety symptoms. Early detection of elevated interpersonal sensitivity can help therapists take action to address these barriers to successful treatment and help scientists build decision support tools that accurately predict the trajectory of change in anxiety symptoms for these patients.

目的认知行为疗法(CBT)中人际关系敏感度高的患者可能很难完全投入治疗,因为治疗过程需要亲密的人际互动,而这对这些人来说特别不舒服。本研究验证了以下假设:人际关系敏感度高的患者在抑郁和焦虑症状方面从 CBT 治疗中获益较少,这些症状的变化速度较慢,并且更有可能放弃治疗。我们在治疗开始前对人际关系敏感性进行了评估,并在每次治疗过程中对抑郁和焦虑症状进行了评估。在治疗结束后,我们对早期终止、过早终止和不合作终止进行了评估。我们建立了多层次线性回归模型和逻辑回归模型,以评估基线人际关系敏感性对治疗结果、抑郁和焦虑症状变化斜率以及各种辍学类型的影响。结果基线人际关系敏感性越高,焦虑症状的变化速度越慢,总体变化越小,但抑郁症状却没有变化。结论基线人际关系敏感度可预测焦虑症状的较小变化和较慢的变化速度。人际关系敏感性升高的早期检测可以帮助治疗师采取行动解决这些阻碍成功治疗的问题,并帮助科学家建立决策支持工具,准确预测这些患者焦虑症状的变化轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
Different self-damaging behaviours, similar motives? Testing measurement invariance of motives for nonsuicidal self-injury, disordered eating and substance misuse 不同的自我损害行为,相似的动机?测试非自杀性自伤、饮食失调和药物滥用动机的测量不变性
IF 3.8 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12467
Christina L. Robillard, Gabriel J. Merrin, Nicole K. Legg, Megan E. Ames, Brianna J. Turner

Objectives

Theory and research suggest that distinct self-damaging behaviours (SDBs; e.g., nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI], restrictive eating, binge eating, drug misuse, alcohol misuse) share similar motives. However, few studies have used a common self-report inventory to investigate the shared relevance and relative salience of motives for SDBs. Accordingly, the present study: (1) examined whether self-report scales assessing intrapersonal motives (i.e., relieving negative emotions, enhancing positive emotions, punishing oneself) and interpersonal motives (i.e., bonding with others, conforming with others, communicating distress, communicating strength, reducing demands) have invariant factor structures across SDBs; and (2) compared the salience of these motives across SDBs.

Methods

1018 adults (54.6% men, Mage = 35.41 years) with a history of SDBs were allocated to the following groups: NSSI (n = 213), restrictive eating (n = 200), binge eating (n = 200), drug misuse (n = 200) or alcohol misuse (n = 205). Participants reported on their motives for engaging in their allocated SDB. Measurement invariance analyses compared the factor structures and latent means of the motive scales across SDBs.

Results

The motive scales had comparable factor structures across SDBs. Intrapersonal motives were most strongly endorsed for NSSI and drug misuse. Interpersonal motives were most strongly endorsed for drug and alcohol misuse. All motives were least salient to restrictive eating.

Conclusions

Results suggest that common motives underlie distinct SDBs and that they can be adequately assessed using a single self-report inventory. However, certain motives are more relevant to some SDBs than others, with restrictive eating being the most motivationally distinct SDB. This knowledge can inform transdiagnostic models and interventions for SDBs.

理论和研究表明,不同的自我损害行为(SDBs;例如,非自杀性自伤[NSSI]、限制性饮食、暴饮暴食、药物滥用、酒精滥用)具有相似的动机。然而,很少有研究使用通用的自我报告清单来调查SDBs动机的共同相关性和相对显著性。因此,本研究:(1) 检验了评估人内动机(即缓解消极情绪、增强积极情绪、惩罚自己)和人际动机(即与他人建立联系、与他人保持一致、传达痛苦、传达力量、减少需求)的自我报告量表在不同的 SDB 中是否具有不变的因子结构;(2) 比较了这些动机在不同 SDB 中的显著性。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the roles of compassion and post-traumatic stress disorder on global distress after sexual trauma 探索同情心和创伤后应激障碍对性创伤后整体痛苦的影响。
IF 3.8 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12465
Runa Dawood, Jane Vosper, Chris Irons, Stuart Gibson, Gary Brown

Objectives

Recovery from sexual trauma can be complex and multi-faceted. Most current psychological treatment protocols for trauma use a cognitive model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, sexual trauma may include specific complexities beyond that of a cognitive model of PTSD, such as relational factors. The distress experienced after sexual abuse may involve variables not exclusive to a PTSD model. Compassion focused therapy (CFT) is an approach that incorporates evolutionary, relational and social perspectives. This study explored the relationships between variables associated with CFT, PTSD and distress in survivors of sexual abuse to determine the role of CFT-related variables.

Methods

155 adults who had experienced sexual abuse or any unwanted sexual experience at any point in their lives completed online questionnaires pertaining to various CFT variables (self-compassion, receiving compassion from others, having a fear of compassion from others, having a fear of compassion from the self, shame and self-criticism) and questionnaires measuring global distress as the outcome of sexual abuse and PTSD symptoms.

Results

An exploratory model involving CFT-related variables explained significantly more of the variance (4.4%) in global distress than PTSD symptomology alone. Self-criticism was found to be the variable with significant contribution.

Conclusions

That CFT treatments, targeting self-criticism, should be developed alongside the standard cognitive model of PTSD based treatments for survivors of sexual abuse was supported. Future research may explore experimental designs utilizing CFT in this population, as well as further investigations on the roles of these specific CFT variables.

目标:性创伤的康复可能是复杂和多方面的。目前,大多数创伤心理治疗方案都采用创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的认知模式。然而,性创伤可能包含超越创伤后应激障碍认知模式的特定复杂性,例如关系因素。性虐待后所经历的痛苦可能涉及创伤后应激障碍模型之外的变量。同情焦点疗法(CFT)是一种融合了进化、关系和社会视角的方法。本研究探讨了性虐待幸存者中与慈悲为怀疗法、创伤后应激障碍和痛苦相关的变量之间的关系,以确定慈悲为怀疗法相关变量的作用。方法:155 名曾在生命的任何阶段经历过性虐待或任何不想要的性经历的成年人填写了有关各种 CFT 变量(自我同情、接受他人同情、害怕他人同情、害怕自我同情、羞耻感和自我批评)的在线问卷,以及测量作为性虐待和创伤后应激障碍症状结果的整体痛苦的问卷:与单纯的创伤后应激障碍症状相比,涉及 CFT 相关变量的探索性模型能解释更多的总体痛苦方差(4.4%)。结论:以自我批判为目标的创伤后应激障碍治疗方法对创伤后应激障碍的治疗有重要意义:以自我批判为目标的创伤后应激障碍治疗应与基于创伤后应激障碍标准认知模式的性虐待幸存者治疗同时进行,这一点得到了支持。未来的研究可能会探索在这一人群中使用 CFT 的实验设计,并进一步调查这些特定 CFT 变量的作用。
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British Journal of Clinical Psychology
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