International Journal of Qualitative Methods最新文献

The application of realist-informed approaches to implementation research can produce answers to why, for whom and under what circumstances social determinants of health interventions work. In the context of a study to develop and test EHR-based clinical decision support tools that suggest adjusting care plans in response to patient-reported financial, housing, food, transportation, and utilities insecurity, the authors applied an innovative use of realist principles in a bounded, mid-study task. This paper demonstrates how realist retroduction can be applied in intervention development processes. Retroduction proved useful in identifying the often intangible clinical needs and preferences that affected decision support tool desirability and use, which then guided the revision of five tools prior to a formal trial. This paper illustrates how data from the study development phases were put in service of retroductive steps that, through the identification of tentative program theories, guided revision of the pilot electronic tools to better meet clinic needs in the study trial phase. Applying retroductive thinking to establish what may be more or less effective under real-world conditions before participants are recruited is a productive, pragmatic form of researcher/stakeholder co-design that seeks to achieve results without wasting clinical teams' time.

Community-engaged research is an approach that helps foster partnerships between community members and researchers by incorporating community members across multiple stages of the research study. In doing so, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the insider perspective. One area that has received limited attention is the process of engaging community members in qualitative data analysis. To overcome this limitation, we outline how we implemented and adapted the Rigorous and Accelerated Data Reduction (RADaR) technique to explore learners' perceptions and experiences of a tailored research best practices training for Community Health Workers and Promotoras. We reflect on the strengths and challenges of using the RADaR technique in community-engaged research and provide a list of considerations for researchers engaging in a similar process. We also incorporate the community partner's perspectives on engaging in qualitative data analysis. This article provides a step-by-step approach for engaging community partners in the qualitative data analysis process, particularly using the RADaR technique, as a strategy for enhancing research quality and mitigating the power imbalance between researchers and communities.

Qualitative research data, such as data from focus groups and in-depth interviews, are increasingly made publicly available and used by secondary researchers, which promotes open science and improves research transparency. This has prompted concerns about the sensitivity of these data, participant confidentiality, data ownership, and the time burden and cost of de-identifying data. As more qualitative researchers (QRs) share sensitive data, they will need support to share responsibly. Few repositories provide qualitative data sharing guidance, and currently, researchers must manually de-identify data prior to sharing. To address these needs, our QDS team worked to identify and reduce ethical and practical barriers to sharing qualitative research data in health sciences research. We developed specific QDS guidelines and tools for data de-identification, depositing, and sharing. Additionally, we developed and tested Qualitative Data Sharing (QuaDS) Software to support qualitative data de-identification. We assisted 28 qualitative health science researchers in preparing and de-identifying data for deposit in a repository. Here, we describe the process of recruiting, enrolling, and assisting QRs to use the guidelines and software and report on the revisions we made to our processes and software based on feedback from QRs and curators and observations made by project team members. Through our pilot project, we demonstrate that qualitative data sharing is feasible and can be done responsibly.

Member checking enhances the trustworthiness and transformative potential of qualitative research. There are a variety of aims and approaches to reengaging with participants in sharing data or preliminary analysis and soliciting feedback through member checking. Published studies often lack descriptions of member-checking methods or outcomes, and there is a lack of research on the use of technologies for this purpose. Asynchronous video and internet-based technologies can be valuable tools to improve the accessibility, equity, effectiveness, and acceptability of member checking and foster increased engagement. This publication presents a detailed description of member checking in an exemplar study that used readily available technologies to create a video synopsis of preliminary findings and embed that video in a multimedia, mixed methods web-based survey which was emailed to participants. This member-checking method was purposefully selected to advance the specific research aims of the study, reflect the epistemological stance of the researchers and unique considerations of the study population, and address relevant situational factors to optimize participant engagement. This strategy facilitated wide, cost-effective, and timely distribution and resulted in a good response rate with rich feedback. Asynchronous technologies were a useful alternative to in-person or synchronous meetings to facilitate voluntary participation, foster reflection that deepened analysis, and capture multiple voices and perspectives. Findings from this research support the use of video and electronic survey technologies to enhance study credibility, address ethical and methodological challenges related to member checking, and increase equity and engagement. Future studies are needed to expand and refine integration of technologies into member checking to address diverse research aims, contexts, and study populations.

Quotations serve multiple purposes in qualitative research, such as supporting claims, illustrating findings, explaining, impressing, and offering readers vicarious experiences. Despite their widespread use, there is limited guidance on how to select and report quotations, leading to potential issues of "cherry-picking" quotes that may not accurately represent the findings. This study aimed to fill this gap by establishing guiding principles for qualitative researchers. Through an in-depth synthesis of literature focusing on papers that have discussed standards and guidelines for selecting and reporting quotations (n=14), we identified five considerations for the use of quotations: functional/instrumental, practical, ethical, aesthetic, and inclusive considerations. Additionally, based on a systematic review of health qualitative research papers on a narrowly defined research topic (n=13), we examined current practices in selecting and reporting quotations in health qualitative research to derive practical insights for qualitative health researchers.

Background: Formerly incarcerated people with serious mental illnesses (SMI) experience the criminal legal system unequally and have elevated rates of recidivism, homelessness, general medical problems, and substance use disorders. Permanent supportive housing (PSH) can be used during reentry, but it has limited resources for addressing community integration, a key component of reentry. PSH are often located in high-poverty environments with increased criminogenic risk. The geography of PSH also includes public spaces, which are associated with positive outcomes. The risk environment framework provides a structure for understanding the geography of PSH through its focus on the physical, social, economic, and policy influences on the micro and macro environments of reentry.

Methods: This is a novel QUAL + QUAN (spatial) concurrent mixed-methods study that will examine how individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors interact with public and private spaces to inform reentry wellbeing. Eighty multi-method interviews (i.e., qualitative, quantitative, and participatory mapping methods) will be conducted with formerly incarcerated clients with SMI. Go-along interviews will be conducted with 20 of these participants. Participatory mapping will be geocoded and sites identified as places of importance, frequent participation, and belonging will be evaluated in relation to objective features of spaces to develop a community resilience index. Findings will ultimately be integrated into an intervention development codesign process with a community advisory board.

Discussion: During reentry, individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors can interact with these environments to produce or reduce risk. If addressed, these factors can contribute to reentry wellbeing, through improved community participation and treatment engagement and reduced psychiatric distress and substance use.

The U.S. overdose crisis is now driven by polysubstance use involving fentanyl and stimulants. We received funding through the National Institutes on Drug Abuse's Helping to End Addiction Long-Term (HEAL) initiative to conduct longitudinal qualitative research on polysubstance use among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in San Francisco, California. An Intersectional Risk Environment Framework was used to examine the interaction between social, structural, and environmental factors and overdose vulnerability. During the data collection period, San Francisco implemented multiple policies that increased the criminalization of PEH, and several service organizations closed or had limited services, necessitating a combination of methods to capture structural and community shifts in real-time. We recruited participants from community partner sites in four San Francisco neighborhoods to obtain a diverse study sample, enrolling 66 participants. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews, starting with baseline and life history interviews, and six-month follow-up. We recruited a subset of participants to take part in photovoice and ethnographic activities. All study visits were compensated. Our study approach centered participant autonomy and expertise throughout the research process. We employed a combination of multiple intentional and innovative methods designed to build trust at the community and participant levels, improve data quality, and enhance study retention including: (1) meaningful long-term reciprocal community engagements with stakeholders and service delivery organizations; (2) diverse, intersectional recruitment and equitable compensation to promote autonomy; (3) conducting life history interviews that addressed intersectional trauma histories after the first baseline interview; (4) addressing follow-up challenges with compensated check-ins, establishing a study community-based location, and hiring a community consultant; and (5) facilitating deep phenomenological data collection through photovoice and ethnography. This paper discusses the rationale for these combined approaches and lessons learned from conducting longitudinal qualitative research with a community in real-time during enhanced risk for criminalization and overdose fatality.

Qualitative digital diary methods are a promising tool for capturing participants' experiences in their own words and over time. The use of smartphone apps to collect this kind of data provides an accessible and flexible way to participate in research, but to truly benefit from this method, participants needs and preferences must be taken into account. This paper explores participants' experiences of taking part in qualitative digital diary research, and highlights participants' values and priorities for qualitative digital diary mental health research. Participants from two qualitative digital diary studies provided feedback on their experiences, in the form of interviews and focus groups, and data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The two participant groups, people with lived experience of eating disorders, and young people from diverse backgrounds across London schools, allowed exploration of experiences across different contexts and populations. The six resulting themes each reflect a core value that participants identified as an essential component for them in qualitative digital diary research: Self-expression, flexibility, non-judgement, open communication, helpful reflection, and meaningful impact. Themes each highlight aspects of participants' experiences that must be taken into account for future research to ensure that participants can take part in this type of research in ways that are meaningful to them, as well as most beneficial to the research. This paper provides an overview of participant experiences of qualitative digital diary research, and provides a framework for centring participant values and preferences in future qualitative diary research.

The go-along method is a way of interviewing people in situ. Combining participant observation and interviewing, the method capitalizes on the advantages of both approaches. This places study participants in context and allows researchers to elicit the interpretations, practices, and experiences of those participants within the contexts. Based on a refugee maternal health study that involved the go-along method in the United States, we reflect on the specific research questions that this approach can help answer, the advantages and limitations of employing this methodological approach and delineate the process of conducting the go-along. The go-along method has numerous benefits in studying refugee health. It can assist in identifying the needs and challenges of people with limited language skills or low educational levels, as well as providing a more nuanced understanding of life skills and language proficiency. It can aid in the observation of interactions between study participants and people around them and provide more detailed information based on spatial cues. It can assist researchers in observing how services are delivered on the ground. More importantly, it can facilitate researchers' vicarious experiences for those who may struggle in their lives. In doing so, it can facilitate contextualized understanding of refugee and their experiences. Although this method has several limitations, such as being more time-consuming and labor-intensive compared to traditional sit-down interviews and being susceptible to external conditions, the go-along method has significant potential for exploring the health of refugees.