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Qualitative Research Parameters in Studies on Frugal Innovation 节俭创新研究中的定性研究参数
IF 5.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/16094069241237550
Ana Paula Provin, Anelise Leal Vieira Cubas, Ana Regina de Aguiar Dutra, Clarissa Carneiro Mussi, Ivone Junges, N. Nunes, Jacir Leonir Casagrande, José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade Guerra
Frugal innovation (FI) is a recent topic in the scientific literature and it was introduced in relation to management studies. According to scholars, FI is a promising way to serve low-income people who cannot afford conventional products, especially those in developing countries, and to address the urgent need to rethink how resources can be used effectively to operate a sustainable business in the emerging global scenario. This systematic literature review article investigates how the use of qualitative research in studies on FI can contribute to the theory and applicability of FI in society. Searches were conducted in the Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and Web of Science databases. After surveying and sorting the documents found, 61 research articles dealing with the various aspects and concepts of FI and addressing the use of qualitative research were selected for this literature review.
节俭创新(FI)是科学文献中的一个最新话题,是在管理研究中提出的。学者们认为,节俭创新是为买不起传统产品的低收入人群(尤其是发展中国家的低收入人群)提供服务的一种很有前景的方式,也是解决重新思考如何在新兴的全球形势下有效利用资源以经营可持续企业的迫切需要。这篇系统的文献综述文章探讨了在有关金融创新的研究中使用定性研究如何有助于金融创新的理论和在社会中的应用。文章在 Scopus、ScienceDirect、SpringerLink 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行了搜索。在对找到的文献进行调查和分类后,本文献综述选取了 61 篇研究文章,这些文章涉及金融投资的各个方面和概念,并涉及定性研究的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Dealing With Scam in Online Qualitative Research: Strategies and Ethical Considerations 应对在线定性研究中的骗局:策略与伦理考虑
IF 5.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/16094069231224610
Annie Pullen Sansfaçon, Élio Gravel, Morgane A. Gelly
In the wake of COVID-19, numerous research projects moved to online data collection to comply with public health guidelines. Since then, many qualitative projects have continued to use online methods to collect data. While online methods facilitated research continuity, they also introduced new opportunities for deceptive behaviors, particularly misrepresentation and multiple participation. Drawing from a recent project that conducted online interviews with young people who detransition after a gender transition, this article describes how fraudulent interviews were identified and dealt with. We present 12 indicators of potential scams in qualitative interviews, including similarities between participants, the type of information provided, participants’ behaviors, and inconsistencies in the narratives. We discuss our overall experience and, in light of recent literature, present strategies to prevent and deal with scams in qualitative research.
COVID-19 之后,许多研究项目转而采用在线数据收集方法,以符合公共卫生指南的要求。此后,许多定性项目继续使用在线方法收集数据。在线方法在促进研究连续性的同时,也为欺骗行为带来了新的机会,尤其是虚假陈述和多重参与。本文借鉴了最近一个对性别转换后脱离社会的年轻人进行在线访谈的项目,介绍了如何识别和处理欺诈性访谈。我们介绍了定性访谈中可能存在欺诈的 12 个指标,包括参与者之间的相似性、所提供信息的类型、参与者的行为以及叙述中的不一致性。我们讨论了我们的总体经验,并根据最近的文献,提出了在定性研究中预防和处理骗局的策略。
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引用次数: 0
“Re-Hooking” in the Field: Negotiating Power, Privilege, and Whiteness in Qualitative Inquiry 在实地 "重新挂钩":在定性调查中协商权力、特权和白人问题
IF 5.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/16094069241226812
Angela Kraemer-Holland
This paper outlines my experience as an early career researcher engaging with my power and privilege embedded in my white, English-speaking identity while working with Mexican American male-identifying research participants. Utilizing critical race theory as a framework, this paper chronicles my reflections on un/hooking from whiteness within the context of scholarly inquiry. Specifically, I draw inspiration from a qualitative research project to anchor the discussion of privileged epistemologies and power structures embedded in the inquiry process and academia more broadly, and how race can intersect with how we negotiate our roles, methods, and subjectivities as qualitative scholars. More broadly, this paper explores notions of knowledge and agency in educational inquiry against the question of whose stories are told, how, for whom, and by whom. This paper contributes to the conversation and efforts toward disentangling from whiteness and the epistemologies around which research, higher education, and society are structured to instead magnify the voices and experiences of participants through more egalitarian inquiry practices.
本文概述了我作为一名职业生涯初期的研究人员,在与墨西哥裔美国男性身份认同的研究参与者合作时,与我的白人、英语身份所蕴含的权力和特权打交道的经历。本文以批判性种族理论为框架,记录了我在学术研究背景下对解除/摆脱白人身份的反思。具体而言,我从一个定性研究项目中汲取灵感,以讨论在探究过程和更广泛的学术界中蕴含的特权认识论和权力结构,以及种族如何与我们作为定性学者如何协商我们的角色、方法和主体性相交织。更广泛地说,本文针对 "谁的故事被讲述、如何讲述、为谁讲述、由谁讲述 "这一问题,探讨了教育探究中的知识和代理概念。本文有助于对话,有助于努力摆脱白人以及研究、高等教育和社会结构所围绕的认识论,转而通过更加平等的探究实践来放大参与者的声音和经验。
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引用次数: 0
Using Video-Reflexive Ethnography on an Acute Medical Unit: Methodological Challenges, Solutions and Opportunities within a Complex and Busy Clinical Setting 在急诊科使用视频反思人种学:复杂繁忙的临床环境中的方法论挑战、解决方案和机遇
IF 5.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/16094069231222143
Jane Dickson, Jessica Mesman, Bruce Guthrie, Suzanne Grant
Video-Reflexive Ethnography (VRE) is an innovative and participatory research and improvement methodology that involves videoing in-situ work practices and collaboratively analysing this footage with participants during reflexive sessions. This involves participants ‘slowing down’, engaging reflexively with their everyday working practices, and taking time out to discuss issues collectively. VRE has increasingly been used across a range of different healthcare settings. However, one setting that has received less attention is the Acute Medical Unit (AMU). AMUs are busy short-stay hospital departments with very high patient throughput and large multidisciplinary teams where patients receive initial assessment, diagnosis and treatment before being moved to other wards or settings. The aim of this study was to examine how VRE as a research and improvement methodology can be applied, in the busy and complex setting of an AMU. In this paper we outline some of the methodological challenges encountered in this setting and discuss how these were transformed into opportunities and solutions. Then, we evaluate our work by using the four guiding principles at the heart of VRE (care, collaboration, reflexivity and exnovation) to test if, and how, the methodology can be used in such a complex and busy setting without losing its methodological rigor and impact. We show how it is possible to initiate and achieve the core principles of VRE in the complex and busy AMU setting through careful planning, constant revision of data collection methods, remaining highly flexible and adaptable to the spatial and temporal rhythms of the ward and being sensitive to hierarchical inter- and intra-professional relationships and vulnerabilities. Finally, we share recommendations for using VRE in other busy and complex settings.
视频-反思性人种学(VRE)是一种创新的参与式研究和改进方法,包括对现场工作实践进行录像,并在反思性会议期间与参与者共同分析这些录像。这需要参与者 "放慢脚步",对日常工作实践进行反思,并抽出时间集体讨论问题。VRE 已越来越多地应用于各种不同的医疗机构。然而,急诊医疗室(AMU)却较少受到关注。急诊内科病房是医院繁忙的短期科室,病人吞吐量非常大,拥有庞大的多学科团队,病人在这里接受初步评估、诊断和治疗,然后再转到其他病房或环境。本研究旨在探讨如何在繁忙而复杂的急诊室环境中应用 VRE 作为研究和改进方法。在本文中,我们概述了在这种环境下遇到的一些方法论挑战,并讨论了如何将这些挑战转化为机遇和解决方案。然后,我们利用 VRE 核心的四项指导原则(关爱、协作、反思和创新)对我们的工作进行评估,以检验该方法是否以及如何在如此复杂和繁忙的环境中使用,同时又不失其方法的严谨性和影响力。我们展示了如何通过精心策划、不断修改数据收集方法、保持高度灵活性以适应病房的空间和时间节奏,以及对专业间和专业内的等级关系和脆弱性保持敏感,在复杂而繁忙的 AMU 环境中启动并实现 VRE 的核心原则。最后,我们分享了在其他繁忙而复杂的环境中使用 VRE 的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating the Virtual Landscape: Methodological Considerations for Qualitative Research in Long-Term Care 驾驭虚拟景观:长期护理定性研究的方法论注意事项
IF 5.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/16094069241244859
Danielle T. Just, Hannah M. O’Rourke, Whitney B. Berta, Lisa A. Cranley
With the COVID-19 pandemic halting all in-person research in March 2020, many researchers adopted virtual methods to continue their work amid this global crisis. As the pandemic persisted and the safety of participants and researchers remained a priority, virtual research grew in popularity for qualitative researchers. This in turn led to methodological insights on the application and advantages of conducting qualitative research using virtual methods. Virtual methods have been found to enhance participant comfort, facilitate open discussion of sensitive topics, alleviate fatigue in participants and researchers, and result in more engaging and focused interviews. While the body of evidence supporting virtual methods of data collection for nursing and other healthcare disciplines continues to grow, its application in the long-term care (LTC) setting remains underreported. In this paper, we discuss the virtual methods that we developed and implemented to successfully conduct a virtual qualitative single case study in a Canadian LTC home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considerations from existing literature on virtual methods are discussed in parallel with strategies we implemented to successfully conduct a virtual study in LTC. This paper contributes to the growing body of literature on methodological insights into conducting virtual qualitative research in LTC. We provide evidence-based strategies for the virtual recruitment of study sites, study participants including residents, team members and families, and virtual data collection methods. These recommendations offer insights to overcome challenges and maximize the advantages of virtual methods, to enhance the quality and rigour of virtual qualitative research conducted within LTC settings.
2020 年 3 月,COVID-19 大流行病停止了所有面对面的研究,许多研究人员在这场全球危机中采用虚拟方法继续他们的工作。随着大流行病的持续,参与者和研究人员的安全仍然是首要任务,虚拟研究在定性研究人员中越来越受欢迎。这反过来又引发了对使用虚拟方法开展定性研究的应用和优势的方法论见解。人们发现,虚拟方法可以提高参与者的舒适度,促进对敏感话题的公开讨论,减轻参与者和研究人员的疲劳,并使访谈更具参与性和针对性。虽然支持在护理和其他医疗学科中使用虚拟方法收集数据的证据不断增加,但其在长期护理(LTC)环境中的应用仍未得到充分报道。在本文中,我们讨论了在 COVID-19 大流行期间,我们开发并实施的虚拟方法,该方法成功地在加拿大一家长期护理院开展了虚拟定性单一案例研究。在讨论现有文献中关于虚拟方法的考虑因素的同时,还讨论了我们为在 LTC 中成功开展虚拟研究而实施的策略。本文对越来越多的关于在 LTC 中开展虚拟定性研究的方法论见解的文献做出了贡献。我们为研究地点的虚拟招募、研究参与者(包括住院医师、团队成员和家属)以及虚拟数据收集方法提供了循证策略。这些建议有助于克服挑战,最大限度地发挥虚拟方法的优势,从而提高在长期护理中心环境中开展的虚拟定性研究的质量和严谨性。
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引用次数: 0
Social Constructivist Meta-Ethnography - – A Framework Construction 社会建构主义元人类学--框架构建
IF 5.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/16094069241244863
A. Soundy
Objective: The objective of this review was to establish a modified meta-ethnography framework by integrating the traditional phases with methods from social constructivist grounded theory. The modified version was required to identify methods which can ensure analytic generalisability and honour critical inquiry. Method: A narrative synthesis review was undertaken using 4 electronic databases. Articles were located that described the methods and methodologies of meta-ethnography and social constructivist grounded theory. A synthesis was undertaken which integrated the methods of social constructivist grounded theory. Results: The meta-ethnography was undertaken in 5 phases: (1) The positionality of the researcher and the area of interest identified. (2) Identifying what is relevant. (3) Reading the included studies and determining how studies are related. (4) The iterative process of idea generation required for theory generation. And (5) Expression of the theory, model, or process. Conclusion: The current review has been able to create a social constructivist meta-ethnographic framework for reviewing empirical qualitative research. This framework will support the development of a substantive theory (a theory in one area) which can be used then to consider its application in other areas. This approach will help create new lines of research and aid the explanation of problems in other areas.
目的:本综述的目的是通过将传统阶段与社会建构主义基础理论的方法相结合,建立一个经过修改的元民族志框架。修改版需要确定能够确保分析普遍性和尊重批判性探究的方法。方法:使用 4 个电子数据库进行了叙述性综合审查。找到了描述元人种学和社会建构主义基础理论的方法和方法论的文章。结合社会建构主义基础理论的方法进行了综合。结果:元人种学研究分为 5 个阶段:(1) 确定研究者的立场和感兴趣的领域。(2) 确定相关内容。(3) 阅读纳入的研究,确定研究之间的关联。(4) 理论生成所需的想法生成迭代过程。(5) 表达理论、模型或过程。结论:目前的综述已经能够创建一个社会建构主义元人种学框架,用于综述经验性定性研究。该框架将支持实质性理论(一个领域的理论)的发展,然后可用于考虑其在其他领域的应用。这种方法将有助于开辟新的研究方向,并帮助解释其他领域的问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Promises of Inclusive Research Methodologies: Relational Design and Praxis 包容性研究方法的承诺:关系设计与实践
IF 5.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/16094069241230407
M. Verhage, J. Lindenberg, Mariëtte Bussemaker, T. Abma
This article explores the potential and challenges of inclusive research methodologies when working with older individuals with lower literacy levels. We present inclusive approaches developed during our research and discuss their implications for methodology and individual well-being among older adults with lower literacy levels. Our key insight is that the promise of inclusive research lies in relational design and praxis. Prioritizing meaningful relationships between researchers and participants, we emphasize the importance of considering participants as active contributors rather than mere informants. Creating a safe and supportive environment fosters trust, empowerment, and meaningful contributions from participants. Flexibility and adaptability in research approaches, including phased informed consent and the minimizing of written language, enhance participants’ self-confidence and trust in their own voices. This approach empowers participants in co-creating knowledge, which strengthens the trustworthiness and validity of research results. Inclusive research, while promising, requires researchers to navigate ethical dilemmas, invest time in building rapport, and adapt to participants’ needs. It challenges traditional research norms, emphasizing ethical engagement, meaningful participation, and tangible outcomes that benefit both researchers and participants. Employing inclusive research strategies, despite their departure from traditional praxis, ensures that the voices of older individuals with lower literacy levels are respected. This shift enhances the validity of knowledge, promotes co-creation, and fosters feelings of inclusiveness and empowerment. These promises underscore the importance of embracing inclusive research methodologies in contemporary research practices.
本文探讨了在与文化水平较低的老年人合作时,包容性研究方法的潜力和挑战。我们介绍了在研究过程中开发的包容性方法,并讨论了这些方法对识字水平较低的老年人的方法论和个人福祉的影响。我们的主要见解是,包容性研究的前景在于关系设计和实践。我们优先考虑研究人员与参与者之间有意义的关系,强调将参与者视为积极贡献者而不仅仅是信息提供者的重要性。创造一个安全和支持性的环境,可以促进参与者的信任、能力和有意义的贡献。研究方法的灵活性和适应性,包括分阶段知情同意和尽量减少书面语言,可以增强参与者的自信心和对自己声音的信任。这种方法增强了参与者共同创造知识的能力,从而提高了研究成果的可信度和有效性。全纳研究虽然前景广阔,但需要研究人员在伦理困境中游刃有余,投入时间建立融洽关系,并适应参与者的需求。它挑战了传统的研究规范,强调伦理参与、有意义的参与,以及对研究者和参与者都有益的切实成果。尽管包容性研究策略偏离了传统做法,但它确保了文化水平较低的老年人的声音得到尊重。这种转变能提高知识的有效性,促进共同创造,并培养包容和赋权的情感。这些承诺强调了在当代研究实践中采用包容性研究方法的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Including People Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Qualitative Research: Can You Hear Us? 将使用辅助和替代性交流手段的人纳入定性研究:你能听到我们说话吗?
IF 5.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/16094069241234190
Megan Walsh, Izzi Harman, Penny Manning, Brenton Ponza, Shirley Wong, Brodie Shaw, Darryl Sellwood, Kate Anderson, D. Reddihough, Margaret Wallen
People who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are frequently excluded from research, yet their voices can significantly enhance the applicability, acceptability, and translation of qualitative research findings. Accessible and adapted research methods welcome and empower participants who use AAC, and enable meaningful involvement. In this article, we describe the collaborative development of a framework to conceptualise inclusive research and aspects of an accompanying inclusive research toolkit. The framework identifies balancing power as a critical factor, primarily achieved by ensuring that research methods and materials are accessible to people who use AAC. We propose that this is achieved through three interacting elements: collaboration with AAC users, skills and knowledge to achieve accessibility, and ensuring adequate time is available to achieve involvement. We identify five areas where applying these elements has impact for AAC users: recruiting AAC users, working with communication supporters, adapting research methods, securing ethics approval, and consent. In presenting the framework, we demonstrate how qualitative researchers can foster a research environment that values and actively includes AAC users, ultimately advancing the field towards more comprehensive and inclusive research practices. While our work is situated in the cerebral palsy and AAC communities, our proposed framework and toolkit can be applied by researchers seeking perspectives from individuals with communication disabilities more broadly. We have created a corresponding plain language video of this article as an additional means of optimising accessibility of the content. See supplemental material .
使用辅助和替代性交流方式(AAC)的人经常被排除在研究之外,然而他们的声音可以大大提高定性研究结果的适用性、可接受性和转化率。无障碍的、经过调整的研究方法欢迎使用辅助和替代性交流手段的参与者,并赋予他们权力,使他们能够进行有意义的参与。在本文中,我们介绍了合作开发包容性研究概念框架的情况,以及配套的包容性研究工具包的各个方面。该框架将平衡权力视为关键因素,主要通过确保研究方法和材料对使用辅助听力和视力障碍者无障碍来实现。我们建议通过三个相互影响的要素来实现这一目标:与使用辅助视听设备的人合作、掌握实现无障碍的技能和知识,以及确保有足够的时间来实现参与。我们确定了应用这些要素会对使用辅助交流器的人产生影响的五个方面:招募辅助交流器使用者、与交流支持者合作、调整研究方法、获得伦理批准和同意。在介绍该框架时,我们展示了定性研究人员如何营造一个重视并积极吸纳 AAC 用户的研究环境,最终推动该领域朝着更全面、更具包容性的研究实践方向发展。虽然我们的工作是在大脑性麻痹和 AAC 社区中开展的,但我们提出的框架和工具包可广泛应用于寻求交流障碍人士观点的研究人员。我们为本文制作了相应的纯语言视频,作为优化内容可访问性的补充手段。参见补充材料 。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring and Understanding the ‘Experience’ in Experience-Based Codesign: A State-of-The-Art Review 探索和理解基于体验的代码设计中的 "体验":最新技术综述
IF 5.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/16094069241235563
Emilie Francis-Auton, Colleen Cheek, E. Austin, Natália Ransolin, Lieke Richardson, Mariam Safi, Nematullah Hayba, Luke Testa, Reema Harrison, Jeffrey Braithwaite, R. Clay-Williams
Enhancing user and provider experience are central tenets of value-based healthcare. Gaining access to personal and distinct experiential knowledge is the first stage of an experience-based codesign (EBCD) approach, underpinning the second stage of codesigned improvement: the codesign itself. This state-of-the-art review synthesised the evolving scope and nature of methods to gather experiential knowledge reported in the EBCD literature. Fifty-three of 64 (83%) scholarly EBCD articles reviewed were published since 2017. Methods are evolving to promote inclusivity of diverse user groups and move more rapidly to codesign. However, omitted steps in the methodology undermined fulfilment of core principles of the EBCD approach which may diminish its value as an accepted form of codesign. Experiential knowledge is crucial for designing user-centred health care. The challenge lies in making healthcare experience methods accessible. This review provides guidance on key steps in the first stage of the EBCD approach and modifications that may overcome barriers while upholding core principles and meeting the objectives of the inquiry.
提升用户和医疗服务提供者的体验是基于价值的医疗保健的核心原则。获取个人和独特的经验知识是基于经验的代码设计(EBCD)方法的第一阶段,也是代码设计改进的第二阶段:代码设计本身的基础。这篇最新综述综述了 EBCD 文献中报道的收集经验知识的方法不断演变的范围和性质。在所综述的 64 篇(83%)EBCD 学术文章中,有 53 篇是 2017 年以来发表的。这些方法正在不断发展,以促进对不同用户群体的包容,并更快地转向代码设计。然而,方法中省略的步骤有损于 EBCD 方法核心原则的实现,这可能会降低其作为一种公认的代码设计形式的价值。体验知识对于设计以用户为中心的医疗保健至关重要。挑战在于如何使医疗保健体验方法易于使用。本综述就 EBCD 方法第一阶段的关键步骤以及在坚持核心原则和实现调查目标的同时可克服障碍的修改方法提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Experience of Younger-Onset Dementia Stigma: Protocol for a Constructivist Grounded Theory Study Based on Qualitative Episodic Interviews With People Living With Dementia and Their Significant Others 年轻痴呆症患者的污名化体验:基于对痴呆症患者及其重要他人的定性片段式访谈的建构主义基础理论研究规程
IF 5.4 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/16094069241232346
Nora Berner, Andreas Hohmann, Betül Yilmaz, S. Teupen
Stigma based on younger-onset dementia (YOD) is a significant challenge for individuals living with the condition and their significant others (i.e., family and/or friends) as well as for a society that aspires to be inclusive, ensure social participation, and enable all people to exercise their civil and human rights. The STELDA study aims to develop a theoretical framework of YOD stigma and stigmatization that is empirically grounded in the lived experience of people living with younger-onset dementia (PlwYOD) and their significant others and to identify ways of counteracting YOD stigmatization processes in the sociocultural context of Germany on a lifeworld level. The research question is as follows: How do PlwYOD and their adult significant others experience stigma and stigmatization based on YOD in their lifeworlds, and what implications do these experiences have for their actions in their lifeworlds? The study is designed as a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) study. Qualitative episodic interviews with community-dwelling PlwYOD and their adult significant others will be conducted to give participants the opportunity to share their individual narratives and express their subjective views. As an outcome, recommendations for action will be developed for the public and for professionals in diverse settings. On a methodological level, novel insights will be gained regarding specific issues related to qualitative research with PlwYOD and their significant others.
对年轻痴呆症(YOD)患者及其重要他人(即家人和/或朋友)来说,基于年轻痴呆症(YOD)的污名化是一项重大挑战,而对于一个希望具有包容性、确保社会参与并使所有人都能行使其公民权利和人权的社会来说,这也是一项重大挑战。STELDA 研究旨在根据年轻痴呆症患者(PlwYOD)及其重要他人的生活经验,建立一个关于年轻痴呆症患者污名化和污名化的理论框架,并在德国的社会文化背景下,从生活世界的层面找出抵制年轻痴呆症患者污名化过程的方法。研究问题如下PlwYOD 及其成年重要他人在其生活世界中如何体验基于 YOD 的成见和鄙视,这些体验对他们在其生活世界中的行动有何影响?本研究设计为建构主义基础理论(CGT)研究。我们将对居住在社区的 PlwYOD 及其成年重要他人进行定性的片段式访谈,让参与者有机会分享他们的个人叙事并表达他们的主观观点。研究结果将为公众和不同环境中的专业人员提供行动建议。在方法论层面上,我们将就与 PlwYOD 及其重要他人的定性研究相关的具体问题获得新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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