Infant Behavior & Development最新文献_第8页

Infants' reasoning about social hierarchies: Key insights from the past 25 years and a research agenda for the next 25 years 婴儿对社会等级的推理：来自过去25年的关键见解和未来25年的研究议程

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development

Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102094

Tara M. Mandalaywala , Erik Cheries

One of the most consequential discoveries about infant cognition and behavior in the past 25 years is the finding that infants appear able to perceive and reason about social hierarchies and social status. Yet, there are many important and fascinating questions yet to be answered. Here, we highlight major questions across three domains: conceptual, developmental, and applied. The conceptual questions concern the nature of infants’ representations of social status. For example, what features of an individual or context do infants perceive as status-relevant, and how abstract are the ensuing representations that infants form? The second set of questions address the development of status-based cognition. How early do abstract representations of status hierarchies emerge and are they stable or variable across development and across different situational or cultural contexts? The final set of questions are applied and address how and when children map hierarchies onto real-world groups, and the consequences once they do so. For example, how do early conceptions and representations of status relate to the beliefs that children express about themselves and about others across development? Together, we hope that our review of the rich findings from the past 25 years, and our framework for addressing the remaining questions, may serve as a springboard for the next 25 years of research into the theoretically and practically rich question of how, when, and why infants develop their sophisticated capacities to reason about social hierarchies and social status.

在过去的25年里，关于婴儿认知和行为的最重要的发现之一是发现婴儿似乎能够感知和推理社会等级和社会地位。然而，还有许多重要而有趣的问题有待回答。在这里，我们强调三个领域的主要问题：概念、发展和应用。概念性问题涉及婴儿社会地位表征的本质。例如，婴儿认为个体或环境的哪些特征与地位相关，婴儿形成的后续表征有多抽象？第二组问题涉及基于地位的认知的发展。地位等级的抽象表征出现的时间有多早？它们在发展过程中、在不同的情境或文化背景中是稳定的还是可变的？最后一组问题是应用和解决孩子如何以及何时将层次结构映射到现实世界的群体，以及一旦他们这样做的后果。例如，儿童在整个发展过程中对自己和他人表达的信念与早期对地位的概念和表征有什么关系？总之，我们希望我们对过去25年丰富发现的回顾，以及我们解决剩余问题的框架，可以作为未来25年理论和实践丰富问题研究的跳板，这些问题是关于婴儿如何，何时以及为什么发展他们对社会等级和社会地位进行推理的复杂能力。

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引用次数: 0

Do infants expect physically competent agents to gain access to contested resources? 婴儿是否期望身体上有能力的代理人获得有争议的资源？

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102090

Xianwei Meng , Hitomi Chijiiwa , Yasuhiro Kanakogi

Social hierarchy is important for both individuals and groups, but when and how the human mind begins to establish it remains less well understood. Past studies have demonstrated that even infants tend to expect agents with certain characteristics (e.g., a larger body size) to prevail in dyadic zero-sum conflicts. Building on literature suggesting that adults and children associate high status with competent rather than incompetent individuals, we conducted three preregistered experiments to test whether infants predict that a physically competent agent will prevail in conflicts with a physically incompetent agent. In Experiment 1, 14- to 15-month-old infants watched a “competent” agent who jumped over a barrier and moved across a stage, and an “incompetent” agent who failed to jump over the barrier and, as a result, could not move across the stage. Infants looked longer, indicating a violation of expectation, when the incompetent agent subsequently prevailed in obtaining an object compared to when the reverse outcome was presented. Infants’ responses in Experiments 2a and 2b, although not significantly different from those in Experiment 1, suggested that this expectation was not merely due to differences in the agents’ goal achievement outcomes or the heights they could jump over the barriers. These findings suggest that infants expect physically competent agents—those who can achieve goals through physical abilities—to prevail in conflicts with agents who lack such demonstrations. This implies that the psychological bias to attribute high social rank to competent individuals is rooted in early development.

社会等级制度对个人和群体都很重要，但人们对人类思想何时以及如何开始建立社会等级制度仍然知之甚少。过去的研究表明，即使是婴儿也倾向于期望具有某些特征（例如，体型较大）的代理人在二元零和冲突中占上风。基于文献表明，成人和儿童将高地位与有能力而非无能力的个体联系在一起，我们进行了三个预先注册的实验，以测试婴儿是否预测身体上有能力的代理人会在与身体上没有能力的代理人的冲突中获胜。在实验1中，14到15个月大的婴儿观看了一个“有能力”的代理跳过障碍并在舞台上移动，而一个“不称职”的代理没有跳过障碍，因此无法在舞台上移动。与呈现相反结果的情况相比，当不称职的行为者随后获得一个物体时，婴儿看的时间更长，这表明违反了预期。婴儿在实验2a和2b中的反应虽然与实验1中的反应没有显著差异，但这表明这种期望不仅仅是由于代理人的目标实现结果或他们可以跳过障碍的高度的差异。这些发现表明，婴儿期望身体上有能力的人——那些能够通过身体能力达到目标的人——在与缺乏这种能力的人的冲突中占上风。这意味着将高社会地位归因于有能力的人的心理偏见根植于早期发展。

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引用次数: 0

Know when to hold ‘em: How does early infant-caregiver physical contact impact infant behavior and development? 知道什么时候抱他们：早期婴儿看护人的身体接触如何影响婴儿的行为和发展？

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development

Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102081

Lela Rankin , Ann E. Bigelow

Skin is the largest sense organ, and in early infancy, it may be the most important sense as it encompasses almost all infant-caregiver interactions. At the turn of the century, we knew that infant-caregiver touch mattered, as research on the effects of touch deprivation showed devastating consequences for development. Yet beyond the effect of lack of physical contact, the importance of tactile contact to infants’ early development received scant research compared to that of vision or hearing. In the past 25 years that has changed. Touch has emerged as a major research area. In this article, we present five major lessons learned in the past quarter century from research on early infant-caregiver physical contact: 1) some touch is required, 2) touch is a form of communication, 3) touch is pleasurable, 4) touch supports stress regulation, and 5) interventions that extend touch support infant development. We then propose pressing questions for future research on early infant-caregiver physical contact. Research on the effects of physical contact in early infancy can affect a positive influence on childcare practices, interventions, parenting ideas, and health care policies.

皮肤是最大的感觉器官，在婴儿早期，它可能是最重要的感觉，因为它涵盖了几乎所有婴儿和照顾者的互动。在世纪之交，我们知道照顾婴儿的人的触摸很重要，因为对触摸剥夺影响的研究表明，触摸剥夺对发育的影响是毁灭性的。然而，除了缺乏身体接触的影响之外，与视觉或听觉相比，触觉接触对婴儿早期发展的重要性得到的研究很少。在过去的25年里，这种情况发生了变化。触摸已经成为一个主要的研究领域。在这篇文章中，我们介绍了过去25年来对早期婴儿照顾者身体接触的研究得出的五个主要结论：1)一些触摸是必需的，2)触摸是一种交流形式，3)触摸是愉快的，4)触摸支持压力调节，5)延长触摸的干预措施支持婴儿发育。然后，我们提出了迫切的问题，为未来的研究早期婴儿照顾者的身体接触。对婴儿早期身体接触影响的研究可以对儿童保育实践、干预措施、育儿理念和卫生保健政策产生积极影响。

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引用次数: 0

A matter of time: Developmental cascades for developmental science 这只是时间问题：发展科学的发展级联

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development

Pub Date : 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102078

Joshua L. Schneider , Kelsey L. West

The pace and breadth of infant development is remarkable—by their third birthday, infants acquire an impressive range of skills across multiple domains. Studying the complexities of cross-domain development, however, poses a challenge for a field of researchers with traditionally siloed expertise. The developmental cascades framework—the conceptual view that disparate domains are interconnected and reciprocally influential—offers researchers a flexible approach to identify and describe infant development. Over the past quarter century, cascades have surged in popularity among infancy researchers. In this review, we provide a history of developmental cascades research and highlight its contributions to the science of infant behavior and development. We discuss contemporary themes and challenges cascades researchers face (e.g., how to clear the high bar needed to establish causality among links in a cascading chain of events) and make recommendations for future research. Specifically, we propose that adopting a cascades approach encourages researchers to: (1) consider the ‘whole child’ by charting connections across different domains; (2) examine multiple timescales by linking moment-to-moment interactions to broader changes across development; (3) embrace complexity and foster interdisciplinary collaboration; and (4) gather evidence for causal pathways by combining the rigor of lab experiments with the richness of natural observations. Finally, we consider future directions for the next quarter century of cascades research—for developmental science, applied psychology, and clinical intervention.

婴儿发育的速度和广度是惊人的——到三岁时，婴儿在多个领域获得了令人印象深刻的技能。然而，研究跨领域开发的复杂性对具有传统的竖井专业知识的研究人员提出了挑战。发育级联框架——不同领域相互联系和相互影响的概念观点——为研究人员提供了一种灵活的方法来识别和描述婴儿发育。在过去的25年里，瀑布教学法在婴儿研究人员中越来越受欢迎。在这篇综述中，我们提供了发育级联研究的历史，并强调了其对婴儿行为和发育科学的贡献。我们讨论了当代主题和级联研究人员面临的挑战（例如，如何清除在级联事件链中的链接之间建立因果关系所需的高门槛），并为未来的研究提出建议。具体来说，我们建议采用级联方法鼓励研究人员：(1)通过绘制不同领域的连接图来考虑“整个孩子”；(2)通过将即时相互作用与整个发展过程中更广泛的变化联系起来，检查多个时间尺度；(3)拥抱复杂性，促进跨学科合作；(4)通过将实验室实验的严谨性与自然观测的丰富性相结合，收集因果关系的证据。最后，我们考虑了未来25年级联研究的发展方向——发展科学、应用心理学和临床干预。

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引用次数: 0

Infant manipulation complexity trajectories as predictors of language outcomes at 2 years of age 婴儿操作复杂性轨迹作为2岁时语言结果的预测因子

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102080

Kaityn Contino , Julie M. Campbell , Emily C. Marcinowski , George F. Michel , Stefany Coxe , Eliza L. Nelson

Motor development during infancy provides opportunities for social interactions in a changing environment, which in turn, has been linked to the emergence of language and communication. Using the theoretical framework of developmental cascades, we examined whether infant motor trajectories, measured as manipulation complexity (MC), could predict later language skills. Ninety typically developing monolingual English infants were assessed for manipulation complexity at six monthly visits from 9 to 14 months of age from a battery of 8 objects. MC was scaled from 1 to 8 based on all possible combination of the following actions: (i) unimanual or bimanual manipulation; (ii) synchronous or asynchronous use of the hands; (iii) dependent or independent finger use; and (iv) whether the hands manipulated one object or multiple objects. Average MC scores from each month were used in analyses. Trained observers administered the Preschool Language Scales 5th edition when children were 2 years old. Latent class growth analysis identified two infant MC classes: high MC and average MC. MC classes predicted 2-year language skills. Children in the high MC class had higher expressive and receptive language scores relative to children in the average MC class. Results have implications for unraveling the mechanisms underlying motor-language cascades.

婴儿时期的运动发育为在不断变化的环境中进行社会互动提供了机会，这反过来又与语言和沟通的出现有关。利用发展级联的理论框架，我们研究了婴儿的运动轨迹，以操作复杂性（MC）来衡量，是否可以预测以后的语言技能。90名典型发育的单语英语婴儿在9至14个月大的6个月访问期间从8个物体中评估操作复杂性。MC根据以下所有可能的组合从1到8进行评分：(i)单手或双手操作；（ii）双手的同步或非同步使用；（iii）依赖或独立使用手指；（iv）手是操作一个物体还是多个物体。每个月的平均MC分数用于分析。训练有素的观察员在孩子2岁时使用第5版学前语言量表。潜类增长分析确定了两个婴儿语言能力等级：高语言能力等级和平均语言能力等级。高语料班儿童的表达性和接受性语言得分高于普通语料班儿童。研究结果揭示了运动-语言级联的潜在机制。

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引用次数: 0

Speech perception 40 years after Werker and Tees (1984) 语音感知在Werker和Tees（1984）之后的40年。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102035

Ao Chen , Martha E. Arterberry

引用次数: 0

A reappraisal of attachment theory: The role of affective touch 依恋理论的再评价：情感触摸的作用。

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102053

Francis McGlone, Lela Rankin

引用次数: 0

A multimethod perspective on mother–infant interaction in free and semi-structured play: Associations with parental reflective functioning 自由和半结构化游戏中母婴互动的多方法视角：与父母反思功能的关联

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102076

Saara J. Salo , Eveliina Mykkänen , Sari Peltonen , Mervi Vänskä

The quality of mother–infant interactions may vary across situations and have differential relationships to other parenting variables. The current study focuses on examining the quality of observed interactions between free play and structured play situations with maternal self-assessment of the relationship and relations to maternal reflective functioning among six-month-old infants and their mothers. Sixty-three voluntary mothers from a community sample with their infants were observed in a laboratory setting during structured and free play sessions. Interaction quality was assessed using observer ratings of the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS) and Dyadic Emotional Interaction Style (DEIS) as well as maternal self-ratings (EA-SR). Maternal reflective functioning was assessed using the infant version of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ-I). The results showed that EAS ratings were significantly higher in the free play situation than in structured play for both mothers and infants. Maternal assessment of the infant’s EA had a modest significant association with EAS ratings in the semi-structured situation. Reflective functioning predicted higher observed DEIS quality in the structured situation while higher EAS ratings in the free play situation were predicted by older infant age and lower maternal depression scores. The results suggest clinical relevance of using both free and structured situations and a multimethod perspective to assess mother–infant interaction quality in planning interventions.

母婴互动的质量可能在不同的情况下有所不同，并且与其他养育变量有不同的关系。目前的研究重点是在6个月大的婴儿和他们的母亲之间，通过母亲对这种关系的自我评估，以及对母亲反思功能的关系，来检查观察到的自由游戏和结构化游戏情境之间相互作用的质量。来自社区样本的63位自愿母亲和她们的婴儿在实验室环境中进行了有组织和自由的游戏。互动质量采用情绪可用性量表（EAS）和二元情绪互动风格（DEIS）的观察者评分以及母亲自我评分（EA-SR）进行评估。使用婴儿版的父母反思功能问卷（PRFQ-I）评估母亲的反思功能。结果表明，母亲和婴儿在自由游戏情境下的EAS评分明显高于在结构化游戏情境下的评分。在半结构化情况下，母亲对婴儿EA的评估与EAS评分有适度的显著关联。在结构化情境中，反思功能预测较高的DEIS质量，而在自由游戏情境中，较高的EAS评分由婴儿年龄较大和母亲抑郁评分较低预测。结果表明，在规划干预措施时，使用自由情境和结构化情境以及多方法视角来评估母婴互动质量具有临床意义。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative approach to maternal behavior in humans and other apes 人类和其他类人猿母性行为的比较研究

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102077

Federica Amici , Katja Liebal , Manuela Ersson-Lembeck , Manfred Holodynski

In many species, including humans, maternal care is crucial for infants’ survival and development. Here, we used a comparative developmental approach to investigate the factors that predict variation in primate maternal styles and, specifically, in the allocation of body contact, carrying, nursing, touching, grooming, restraining, rejection, object stimulation, approaches and leaves. We conducted behavioral observations on mother-infant pairs from the genus Homo (i.e., White German mothers: N = 10) and four other primate genera (Pan, Hylobates, Nomascus, Symphalangus: N = 38), when infants were 1, 6 and 12 months old. We observed that mothers partially adjusted their behavior to the offspring’s age (decreasing some protective/proximal behaviors and increasing some rejective/distal ones as infants grew up), and to the potential risks experienced by offspring (with protective/proximal behaviors being often higher in Homo than Pan). Despite the limitations of only including captive ape groups, this work provides novel insight into the development of mother-infant interactions across five primate genera and contributes to our understanding of the evolutionary roots of human parenting behavior.

在包括人类在内的许多物种中，母亲的照顾对婴儿的生存和发育至关重要。在这里，我们使用比较发育的方法来研究预测灵长类母性风格变化的因素，特别是在身体接触、携带、护理、触摸、梳理、约束、拒绝、物体刺激、接近和离开的分配中。我们对来自人属（即德国白人母亲：N = 10）和其他四个灵长类属（Pan, hyloates, Nomascus, Symphalangus: N = 38）的母子对在婴儿1、6和12个月时进行了行为观察。我们观察到，母亲根据后代的年龄（随着婴儿的成长，一些保护/近端行为减少，一些排斥/远端行为增加）和后代所经历的潜在风险（保护/近端行为在人属动物中往往高于潘属动物）对其行为进行了部分调整。尽管只包括圈养类人猿群体的局限性，这项工作为五种灵长类动物的母婴互动发展提供了新的见解，并有助于我们理解人类养育行为的进化根源。

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引用次数: 0

A screening measure for infant attachment: The Turkish adaptation of the Brief Attachment Scale-16 婴儿依恋的筛选措施：简短依恋量表-16的土耳其改编

IF 1.9 3区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Infant Behavior & Development

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102074

Nebi Sümer , Yasemin Kahya , Sema Erel , Cansu Alsancak-Akbulut

Considering the need for a brief but valid screening measure for infant attachment, we aimed to examine the psychometric quality of Cadman et al.’s (2018) Brief Attachment Scale-16 (BAS-16) in Turkish mother-child samples. The validity of the BAS-16 Turkish was examined in two independent samples based on its associations with well-established constructs of attachment security and maternal sensitivity, child adjustment, and temperament measures, namely, the Attachment Q-Set (AQS), the Maternal Behavior Q-Set (MBQS), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Emotionality, Activity, Sociability Temperament Survey (EAS), respectively. The results of Study 1 and Study 2 supported the two-factor structure of BAS-16 Turkish. In Study 1, the BAS-16 Turkish total scores were significantly associated with the AQS security and MBQS sensitivity scores, and marginally with child externalizing problems but not with child temperament. In Study 2, aiming to cross-validate the findings of Study 1, the BAS-16 Turkish total and subscale scores strongly correlated with the AQS security scores; the BAS-16 Turkish total and Harmonious Interaction (HI) subscale scores were related to the MBQS sensitivity scores. In both samples, regression analyses showed that maternal sensitivity significantly predicted the BAS-16 Turkish total score above and beyond the effects of demographic characteristics and temperament. The findings from two studies suggest that the BAS-16 has adequate validity in assessing infant/child attachment in Turkish samples, representing a non-WEIRD cultural context, and can be used as a practical screening tool.

考虑到需要一个简短但有效的婴儿依恋筛查措施，我们的目的是在土耳其母子样本中检验Cadman等人（2018）简短依恋量表-16 （BAS-16）的心理测量质量。BAS-16土耳其语的有效性在两个独立的样本中进行了检验，基于其与已建立的依恋安全和母亲敏感性、儿童适应和气质测量的关联，即依恋q集（AQS）、母亲行为q集（MBQS）、儿童行为检查表（CBCL）、情绪、活动、社交气质调查（EAS）。研究1和研究2的结果支持BAS-16土耳其语的双因子结构。在研究1中，BAS-16土耳其总分与AQS安全性和MBQS敏感性得分显著相关，与儿童外化问题轻微相关，但与儿童气质无关。在研究2中，为了交叉验证研究1的结果，BAS-16土耳其总分和子量表得分与AQS安全得分呈强相关；BAS-16土耳其总分和和谐互动（HI）分量量表得分与MBQS敏感性得分相关。在这两个样本中，回归分析表明，母亲敏感性显著预测BAS-16土耳其总分高于人口统计学特征和气质的影响。两项研究的结果表明，BAS-16在评估土耳其样本中的婴儿/儿童依恋方面具有足够的有效性，代表了非weird文化背景，可以用作实用的筛选工具。

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引用次数: 0