British Journal of Criminology最新文献

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Review Symposium: Respectable Citizens—Shady Practices: The Economic Morality of the Middle Classes 评论研讨会：受人尊敬的公民——肮脏的实践：中产阶级的经济道德

IF 2.6 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

British Journal of Criminology

Pub Date : 2021-04-24 DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZAB012

M. Benson, S. Messner, M. Levi, S. Farrall, S. Karstedt

引用次数: 1

Parental Migration and Children’s Problem Behaviours in Rural China: Testing an Integrative Theoretical Model 父母迁移与中国农村儿童问题行为：一个综合理论模型的检验

IF 2.6 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

British Journal of Criminology

Pub Date : 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZAB028

Xiaojin Chen

This study aims to investigate the social mechanism underlying the associations between parental migration and left-behind children’s delinquent and deviant behaviours in rural China. Using a middle school student sample, our results reveal that the effects of parental migration on children’s delinquency differ across caretaking arrangements. Specifically, compared with children living with non-migrant parents, those cared for by a remaining father (with a mother migrated) or by one grandparent (with both parents migrated) had weaker bonding with primary caretakers and schools, which led to delinquency and deviance directly or indirectly through more frequent association with deviant peers. In contrast, children living with a remaining mother or with two grandparents did not differ significantly from those living with non-migrant parents.

本研究旨在探讨父母迁移与农村留守儿童违法越轨行为之间关系的社会机制。以中学生为样本，我们的研究结果表明，父母迁移对儿童犯罪的影响在照顾安排上存在差异。具体来说，与非移民父母生活的孩子相比，那些由父亲(母亲移民)或祖父母(父母双方都移民)照顾的孩子与主要照顾者和学校的联系较弱，这导致犯罪和越轨行为直接或间接地通过与越轨同龄人更频繁的联系。相比之下，与一位母亲生活在一起或与两位祖父母生活在一起的孩子与与非移民父母生活在一起的孩子没有显著差异。

引用次数: 4

Exception, Symbolism and Compromise: The Resilience of Treason as a Capital offence 例外、象征与妥协：叛国罪作为死罪的弹性

IF 2.6 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

British Journal of Criminology

Pub Date : 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZAB036

R. Dudai

This article explores the causes, forms and consequences of the resilience of treason as a capital offence. Though generally overlooked by the literature on the death penalty, treason has been the second most common capital offence—after murder—in states’ law books in the post-WWII world and has had tangible effects on abolition trajectories. The article first traces the transformation of treason from the paradigmatic capital offence in the pre-modern era to a peripheral yet persistent component of contemporary death penalty. It then analyses and explains the dynamic of ‘exempting’ treason from abolition for common crimes. The third section examines situations where treason remains a capital offence on the books but is rarely used, functioning as ‘symbolic law’ with important consequences and spillover effects. In the conclusion, I argue that treason laws could become a central obstacle in the path to full global abolition of the death penalty.

本文探讨了叛国罪作为死罪恢复力的原因、形式和后果。尽管死刑文献普遍忽视了叛国罪，但在二战后的世界里，叛国罪一直是各州法律中仅次于谋杀的第二常见死罪，并对废除死刑的轨迹产生了切实的影响。本文首先追溯了叛国罪从前现代典型的死刑转变为当代死刑的一个边缘但持久的组成部分。然后分析和解释了普通犯罪“豁免”叛国罪废除的动态。第三节考察了叛国罪在书中仍然是死罪，但很少被使用的情况，它作为具有重要后果和溢出效应的“象征性法律”发挥作用。最后，我认为叛国法可能成为全球全面废除死刑的核心障碍。

引用次数: 5

Politics, Research Design, and the ‘Architecture’ of Criminal Careers Studies 政治、研究设计与犯罪生涯研究的“架构”

IF 2.6 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

British Journal of Criminology

Pub Date : 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZAB033

S. Farrall

Criminal careers research is one of the bedrocks—if not the bedrock—of criminology. It remains a key focal point of criminological research and has embraced ideas and theories from sociology, psychology, psychiatry and urban and community studies. Despite the widening of the landscape of what might be termed ‘the criminological enterprise’ (to include victimology, prisons research, punishment, deterrence and environmental criminology), criminal careers (now differentiated into studies of onset, persistence and desistance) remains a key plank of criminology. This article critiques the research design of longitudinal studies of criminal careers, arguing that a key explanatory factor has been consistently overlooked in criminal careers research due, in part, to the research design of such studies. In focussing on the role of politically motivated changes to economic policies and the restructuring of the industrial base this produced, I empirically relate individual offending careers to politics in ways very few have done before. The article touches upon a series of suggestions for how empirical studies of criminal careers might be improved.

犯罪生涯研究是犯罪学的基石之一，如果不是基石的话。它仍然是犯罪学研究的一个关键焦点，并接受了社会学、心理学、精神病学以及城市和社区研究的思想和理论。尽管可以被称为“犯罪学事业”（包括受害者学、监狱研究、惩罚、威慑和环境犯罪学）的领域不断扩大，但犯罪生涯（现在分为开始、持续和停止的研究）仍然是犯罪学的一个关键板块。本文批评了犯罪生涯纵向研究的研究设计，认为在犯罪生涯研究中，一个关键的解释因素一直被忽视，部分原因是此类研究的研究设置。在关注出于政治动机的经济政策变化和由此产生的工业基础重组的作用时，我以很少有人能做到的方式，将个人冒犯性的职业生涯与政治联系起来。这篇文章就如何改进犯罪生涯的实证研究提出了一系列建议。

引用次数: 5

Cybercrime is (often) Boring: Infrastructure and Alienation in a Deviant Subculture 网络犯罪(通常)很无聊:一种偏离常规的亚文化中的基础设施和异化

IF 2.6 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

British Journal of Criminology

Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZAB026

Ben Collier, R. Clayton, Alice Hutchings, Daniel R. Thomas

The boredom and alienation produced by capitalist societies and countervailing forces of attraction and excitement are at the heart of the subcultural account of crime. The underground hacker subculture is no exception, commonly represented as based around exciting, technically skilled practices and high-profile deviance. However, the illicit economy associated with these practices has become industrialized, developing shared infrastructures that facilitate the sale of illicit services rather than skilled technical work. We explore how this shift in the nature of work has shaped the culture and experiences of this subculture. Developing a novel concept—the ‘illicit infrastructure’—and drawing on an extensive analysis of empirical data from interviews and novel data sources such as forums and chat channels, we argue that as they industrialize, deviant subcultures can begin to replicate the division of labour, cultural tensions and conditions of alienation present in mainstream capitalist economies.

资本主义社会产生的无聊和疏离感，以及相互抵消的吸引力和兴奋感，是亚文化对犯罪解释的核心。地下黑客亚文化也不例外，通常以令人兴奋的、技术娴熟的实践和高调的越轨行为为基础。然而，与这些做法相关的非法经济已经工业化，发展了共享的基础设施，促进了非法服务的销售，而不是熟练的技术工作。我们将探讨这种工作性质的转变是如何塑造这种亚文化的文化和经历的。我们提出了一个新概念——“非法基础设施”，并通过对访谈和论坛、聊天渠道等新数据源的经验数据进行广泛分析，认为随着亚文化的工业化，越界亚文化可以开始复制主流资本主义经济中存在的劳动分工、文化紧张和异化状况。

引用次数: 19

The policing of cuckooing in ‘County Lines’ drug dealing: an ethnographic study of an amplification spiral “郡界”毒品交易中杜鹃叫声的监管:一个放大螺旋的人种学研究

IF 2.6 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

British Journal of Criminology

Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZAB027

J. Spicer

Responding to cases of ‘cuckooing’, where drug dealers take over other people’s homes, has become a significant policing activity in the United Kingdom. Drawing on ethnographic data and the deviancy amplification spiral model, this article theorizes how police responses to cuckooing emerged, developed and became established. Five stages of the spiral are outlined: identifying cuckooing as a problem; demonstrating a response; spreading the problem; making it other people’s problem too; the establishment of a policing priority. The article advances amplification theory by considering it from within the setting of the police and the contemporary drug supply context of County Lines. It concludes by stressing the importance of critically considering the dynamic relationship between the police and their drug market targets.

在英国，应对“布谷鸟”案件已成为一项重要的警务活动。本文利用人种学数据和异常放大螺旋模型，对警方对杜鹃鸟的反应是如何产生、发展和建立的进行了理论分析。概述了螺旋上升的五个阶段：将布谷鸟视为一个问题；表现出回应；传播问题；这也是别人的问题；确立警务优先事项。本文从警察的背景和当代县线毒品供应的背景出发，提出了放大理论。报告最后强调，必须认真考虑警察与其毒品市场目标之间的动态关系。

引用次数: 2

'We're both here to do a job and that's all that matters': Cisgender correctional officer recruit reflections within an unsettled correctional prison culture. “我们在这里都是为了工作，这才是最重要的”:在不稳定的监狱文化中，顺性狱警招聘的反思。

IF 2.6 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

British Journal of Criminology

Pub Date : 2021-04-05 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azab006

Michael Adorjan, Rosemary Ricciardelli, James Gacek

Reflecting on new trans prisoner placement policies within Canadian federal prisons, in light of recent changes instigated under the Canadian Liberal Trudeau government, we provide knowledge from cisgender correctional officer (CO) recruits regarding these policy changes and underscore their views of working with officers who identify as transgender. Canada's new policies recognize the presence of trans prisoners and create new protocols accordingly, simultaneously challenging some of the foundational tenets of the carceral system. While overwhelming support exists from cisgender recruits for their trans colleagues, support among a relative minority of COs is contingent upon notions like safety and security grounded in a dominantly cisgender prison culture; a culture we situate within the wider context of an unsettled correctional prison culture.

鉴于加拿大自由党特鲁多政府最近的变化，我们反思了加拿大联邦监狱内新的跨性别囚犯安置政策，我们提供了顺性别惩教官(CO)新兵关于这些政策变化的知识，并强调了他们与变性警官合作的观点。加拿大的新政策承认变性囚犯的存在，并相应地制定了新的协议，同时挑战了监狱系统的一些基本原则。虽然顺性别新兵对跨性别同事的支持是压倒性的，但在相对少数的狱警中，对他们的支持取决于在以顺性别为主的监狱文化中建立的安全和保障等概念;我们把这种文化置于不稳定的惩教监狱文化的更大背景下。

引用次数: 5

The Legitimacy of Change: Adopting/Adapting, Implementing and Sustaining Reforms within Community Corrections Agencies. 变革的合法性:在社区矫正机构内采用/调整、实施和维持改革。

IF 2.6 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

British Journal of Criminology

Pub Date : 2021-04-05 eCollection Date: 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azab020

Danielle S Rudes, Shannon Portillo, Faye S Taxman

Many criminal justice institutions implement evidence-based reforms. While most scholars are aware of implementation challenges, we still know relatively little about sustainability. Using longitudinal data from criminal legal staff implementing an evidence-based reform, this paper considers: What happens during the implementation of an organizational reform that affects continued use of these reforms? Guided by an organizational change framework, findings suggest sustainability aligns with key organizational goals including legitimacy, efficiency and effectiveness. While all sites saw the reformed practices as legitimate enough to initially consider adoption, two sites never adopted, four sites toyed with reform, and two sites continued to use the reform after the study was over. This paper explores sustainability and identifies legitimacy as an important factor that affects the routinization of new practices. Transformation of organizational change initiatives into routine practices should consider efforts to build legitimacy in lieu of primarily rationalizing on the values of efficiency and effectiveness.

许多刑事司法机构实行循证改革。虽然大多数学者都意识到实施的挑战，但我们对可持续性的了解相对较少。本文利用实施循证改革的刑事法律工作人员的纵向数据，考虑:在组织改革的实施过程中发生了什么，影响了这些改革的持续使用?在组织变革框架的指导下，研究结果表明可持续性与组织的关键目标一致，包括合法性、效率和有效性。虽然所有的网站都认为改革后的做法是合法的，可以开始考虑采用，但有两个网站从未采用，四个网站玩弄改革，还有两个网站在研究结束后继续使用改革。本文探讨了可持续性，并将合法性确定为影响新实践常规化的重要因素。将组织变革的主动性转变为常规实践应该考虑建立合法性的努力，而不是首先对效率和有效性的价值进行合理化。

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引用次数: 6

Nested Complex Crime: Assessing the Convergence of Wildlife Trafficking, Organized Crime and Loose Criminal Networks 巢状复杂犯罪:评估野生动物走私、有组织犯罪和松散犯罪网络的融合

IF 2.6 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

British Journal of Criminology

Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZAB005

William D. Moreto, D. Uhm

Wildlife trafficking is considered to be an example of a transnational organized crime by policymakers and enforcement agencies. Empirically, however, there is mixed support for this. Recently, there has been increased attention on the convergence of different illegal activities in an effort to share resources, personnel and transport routes. The present study attempts to qualitatively examine the intersection of wildlife trafficking and organized crime from a crime mutualism framework in order to explore how these criminal activities and entities converge. Based on fieldwork conducted in Uganda and China, we find that while organized crime appears to have a presence in illegal wildlife markets, such involvement appears to be more relevant during specific stages. Furthermore, it appears that illegal wildlife markets in both case studies reflect both loose, informal criminal networks and more organized crime groups. These findings have implications for the criminological study of and the response to complex wildlife crime.

野生动物贩运被决策者和执法机构视为跨国有组织犯罪的一个例子。然而，从经验上看，对此的支持褒贬不一。最近，为了共享资源、人员和运输路线，人们越来越注意各种非法活动的汇合。本研究试图从犯罪互助框架定性地考察野生动物贩运和有组织犯罪的交集，以探索这些犯罪活动和实体如何汇合。根据在乌干达和中国进行的实地调查，我们发现，虽然有组织犯罪似乎在非法野生动物市场中存在，但这种参与似乎在特定阶段更为相关。此外，在这两个案例研究中，非法野生动物市场似乎既反映了松散的非正式犯罪网络，也反映了更有组织的犯罪集团。这些发现对复杂野生动物犯罪的犯罪学研究和应对具有启示意义。

引用次数: 11

Consequences of Judging in Transitional Justice Courts 过渡时期司法法院审判的后果

IF 2.6 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

British Journal of Criminology

Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZAB008

H. N. Brehm, Laura C. Frizzell, C. Uggen, Evelyn A. Gertz

Research has found that participation in transitional justice (TJ) is associated with increased social capital and decreased well-being. This article extends this scholarship by examining how TJ mechanisms affect the social capital and well-being of the people who implement them via interviews with 135 Rwandan gacaca court judges. In terms of well-being, judges discuss pride and confidence yet also highlight stress and trauma. In terms of social capital, many judges are now mediators and local leaders, though numerous judges have also experienced grudges from the families of those they sentenced. These negative consequences were particularly prominent among judges with more authority.

研究发现，参与过渡正义(TJ)与社会资本增加和幸福感下降有关。本文通过对135名卢旺达加卡卡法院法官的访谈，研究了TJ机制如何影响实施这些机制的人的社会资本和福祉，从而扩展了这一学术研究。在幸福感方面，评委们讨论了骄傲和自信，但也强调了压力和创伤。在社会资本方面，许多法官现在是调解人和地方领导人，尽管许多法官也经历过被判刑者家属的怨恨。这些负面后果在权威较高的法官中尤为突出。

引用次数: 2

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