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Judith Butler: Life, Philosophy, Politics, Ethics: E-Special Issue Introduction 朱迪斯-巴特勒生活、哲学、政治学、伦理学:电子特刊导言
IF 1.7 2区 社会学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/02632764241259922
Elena Loizidou
This e-special issue of Theory, Culture & Society presents works published by and about US philosopher and activist Judith Butler (b. 1956), Distinguished Scholar at the Graduate School, University of California, Berkeley. They have contributed to Theory, Culture & Society and inspired key debates and scholarship around their work. Gender Trouble transformed our understanding of gender, influencing generations of academics, activists, and cultural producers. Butler is an exceptional thinker who aims to build more inclusive and sustainable societies through their writing, which has influenced numerous fields, e.g. sociology, gender studies, politics, and the arts. The editorial introduction juxtaposes earlier and subsequent writings by Butler in order to encourage a wider reading of their work. Drawing upon the full catalogue of Theory, Culture & Society and Body & Society, the collection includes articles published by Butler, interviews with them, a book review, and articles about their work.
本期《理论、文化与社会》电子特刊介绍了美国哲学家和活动家、加州大学伯克利分校研究生院杰出学者朱迪斯-巴特勒(生于 1956 年)发表的作品以及有关她的作品。他们为《理论、文化与社会》做出了贡献,并激发了围绕其作品的重要辩论和学术研究。性别烦恼》改变了我们对性别的理解,影响了几代学者、活动家和文化生产者。巴特勒是一位杰出的思想家,他希望通过他们的著作建立更具包容性和可持续性的社会,这些著作影响了社会学、性别研究、政治学和艺术等众多领域。编辑导言将巴特勒的早期著作和后续著作并列,以鼓励读者更广泛地阅读他们的作品。根据《理论、文化与社会》(Theory, Culture & Society)和《身体与社会》(Body & Society)的全部目录,该文集收录了巴特勒发表的文章、与他们的访谈、书评以及有关他们作品的文章。
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引用次数: 0
Amílcar Cabral, Colonial Soil and the Politics of Insubmission 阿米尔卡-卡布拉尔、殖民土壤和不服从政治
IF 1.7 2区 社会学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/02632764241253752
Filipe Carreira da Silva, Monica Brito Vieira
This article discusses the concept of ‘insubmission’. This concept is the cornerstone of Amílcar Cabral’s critical theory. Introduced in his early agronomic writings, it refers to the human species’ refusal to submit to the nature of which we are always a part. The context is the anticolonial critique of traditional European humanism. Insubmission is Cabral’s response to the dehumanizing effects of colonialism and the environmental impact of anthropocentric extractivism that accompanies it. As a linchpin in Cabral’s theoretical framework, insubmission serves to structure and impart meaning to other concepts. Notably, it provides fresh insights into the multifaceted concept of ‘resistance’. Cabral underscores the imperative of combating dehumanization through physical fortitude (physical and armed resistance), intellectual resilience (cultural resistance), and institutional strength (political resistance). Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of averting environmental catastrophes through a socio-economic development model (economic resistance) underpinned by a resolute ethical commitment to responsible soil conservation practices.
本文讨论 "不臣服 "的概念。这一概念是阿米尔卡-卡布拉尔批判理论的基石。这个概念在他早期的农艺学著作中被提出,指的是人类拒绝屈服于大自然,而我们始终是大自然的一部分。其背景是对传统欧洲人文主义的反殖民批判。不屈服 "是卡布拉尔对殖民主义非人化影响以及伴随殖民主义而来的以人类为中心的采掘主义对环境造成的影响的回应。作为卡布拉尔理论框架的关键,"不臣服 "有助于构建其他概念并赋予其意义。值得注意的是,它为 "抵抗 "这一多层面概念提供了新的见解。卡布拉尔强调,必须通过身体毅力(身体和武装抵抗)、思想韧性(文化抵抗)和制度力量(政治抵抗)来对抗非人化。此外,它还强调了通过社会经济发展模式(经济抵抗)避免环境灾难的必要性,这种模式的基础是对负责任的水土保持做法做出坚定的道德承诺。
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引用次数: 0
Decolonising the Earth: Anticolonial Environmentalism and the Soil of Empire 地球非殖民化:反殖民主义环保主义与帝国的土壤
IF 1.7 2区 社会学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/02632764241242380
Joe P. L. Davidson, Filipe Carreira da Silva
The relationship between humanity and the soil is an increasingly important topic in social theory. However, conceptualisations of the soil developed by anticolonial thinkers at the high point of the movement for self-determination between the 1940s and the 1970s have remained largely ignored. This is a shame, not least because theorists like Eric Williams, Walter Rodney, Suzanne Césaire and Amílcar Cabral were concerned with the soil. Building on recent work on human-soil relations and decolonial ecology, we argue that these four thinkers conceptualised the connection between soil, empire, and anticolonial revolt. Williams and Rodney ground understanding of soil degradation in global relations of economic power, while Césaire and Cabral reconceptualise postcolonial nationhood in terms of the mutability and diversity of the soil. The article concludes by suggesting that these two anticolonial counterpoints, global connectivity and more-than-human identification, anticipate and deepen contemporary attempts to decolonise ecological thinking.
人类与土壤之间的关系是社会理论中一个日益重要的话题。然而,反殖民主义思想家在 20 世纪 40 年代至 70 年代自决运动高潮时期提出的土壤概念在很大程度上仍被忽视。这是一个遗憾,尤其是因为埃里克-威廉斯、沃尔特-罗德尼、苏珊娜-塞泽尔和阿米尔卡-卡布拉尔等理论家都关注土壤问题。在最近关于人类与土壤关系和非殖民化生态学的研究基础上,我们认为这四位思想家将土壤、帝国和反殖民主义反抗之间的联系概念化了。威廉姆斯和罗德尼将对土壤退化的理解建立在全球经济权力关系的基础上,而塞泽尔和卡布拉尔则从土壤的可变性和多样性的角度重新认识了后殖民民族性。文章最后指出,这两个反殖民主义的对立面,即全球连通性和超人类认同,预见并深化了当代非殖民化生态思想的尝试。
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引用次数: 0
From the Confessional Booth to Digital Enclosures: Absolution as Cultural Technique 从忏悔室到数字围栏:作为文化技术的赦免
IF 1.7 2区 社会学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/02632764241233227
Joshua Reeves, Ethan Stoneman
This article examines the confessional booth as an architected space that, by serving as a geo-epistemological enclosure, prefigures digital forms of data capture and production. In conversation with critical scholarship about ‘confessional culture,’ it analyzes how confessionals and digital enclosures embody different historical iterations of a cultural technique that promises absolution – understood as a cleansing process of transparent exposure. It argues that, with digital enclosures, the renunciative self-mortification that lies at the heart of classic Christian confession is reprogrammed into what Byung-Chul Han calls a ‘pornographic self-presentation.’ The self-death dealt by the confessional thus becomes an apparently voluntary self-exploitation for the social media subject. In both cases, however, absolution governs via rituals of cathartic transparency, submitting interiority to processes of legible exteriorization and articulating the subject via an exhibitive logic that blurs the boundaries between communicative freedom and compulsory self-exposure.
这篇文章将忏悔室作为一个建筑空间进行研究,忏悔室作为一个地理认识论的围墙,预示着数据捕捉和生产的数字化形式。文章结合 "忏悔文化 "的批判性学术研究,分析了忏悔室和数字封闭空间如何体现了一种文化技术的不同历史迭代,这种技术承诺赦免--被理解为透明暴露的净化过程。它认为,随着数字封存的出现,作为经典基督教忏悔核心的放弃式自我折磨被重新编程,变成了 Byung-Chul Han 所说的 "色情的自我展示"。因此,忏悔中的自我死亡变成了社交媒体主体表面上自愿的自我剥削。然而,在这两种情况下,赦免都是通过宣泄性的透明仪式进行的,将内在性置于可辨认的外表化过程中,并通过一种展示性的逻辑将主体表述出来,从而模糊了交流自由与强制性自我暴露之间的界限。
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引用次数: 0
From Scapegoating to the Culture of Cruelty: (Mis)Managing Mimetic Desire and Violence in Late Modernity 从 "替罪羊 "到 "残忍文化":(错误)管理晚期现代性的模仿欲望与暴力
IF 1.7 2区 社会学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1177/02632764241239594
Domonkos Sik
Due to the ‘civilizing process’ (Elias), the overall level of violence is decreasing; yet its transforming patterns persist. The article aims at examining the contemporary structures and mechanisms responsible for violence control, while also exploring the newly emerging, naturalized patterns of cruelty. Firstly, René Girard’s mimetic theory is overviewed: while in archaic societies, mimetic crisis is controlled by sacrificial rites, modernization reconfigures this paradigm. Secondly, these transformations are mapped: mimetic desire is channelled into the market processes, while mimetic crisis is managed by the state monopolizing violence. Thirdly, the structural transformations of late modernity upsetting the fragile balance of state and market are analysed: secular scapegoating becomes part of the political toolset, while the private sphere is overwhelmed by undetectable new forms of hurting and self-harming. As a culture of cruelty is naturalized, mimetic crisis becomes a continuous threat, which generates a need for the functional equivalents of sacrificial violence control.
由于 "文明化进程"(埃利亚斯语),暴力的总体水平正在下降,但其转变模式依然存在。本文旨在研究当代控制暴力的结构和机制,同时探讨新出现的、自然化的残酷模式。首先,文章概述了勒内-吉拉德(René Girard)的拟态理论:在古代社会中,拟态危机由祭祀仪式控制,而现代化则重新构建了这一范式。其次,描绘了这些转变:拟态欲望被引导到市场过程中,而拟态危机则由国家垄断暴力来管理。第三,分析了晚期现代性打破国家与市场脆弱平衡的结构性转变:世俗的替罪羊成为政治工具的一部分,而私人领域则被难以察觉的伤害和自我伤害的新形式所淹没。随着残酷文化的自然化,拟态危机成为一种持续的威胁,从而产生了对牺牲暴力控制的功能等同物的需求。
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引用次数: 0
The Logic of the Synthetic Supplement in Algorithmic Societies 算法社会中的合成补充逻辑
IF 1.7 2区 社会学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231225768
Benjamin N. Jacobsen
What happens when there is not enough data to train machine learning algorithms? In recent years, so-called ‘synthetic data’ have been increasingly used to add to or supplement the training regimes of various machine learning algorithms. Seeking to read the notion of supplementarity differently through an engagement with the work of Jacques Derrida, I propose that the nascent emergence of synthetic data embodies what I call the logic of the synthetic supplement in algorithmic societies. I argue, on the one hand, that the synthetic supplement promises and claims to resolve the ethico-political tensions, frictions, and intractabilities of machine learning. On the other hand, it always falls short of these promises because it necessarily intervenes in that which it claims to merely augment. Ultimately, this means that the gaps and frictions of machine learning cannot be completely filled, supplemented, or resolved.
当没有足够的数据来训练机器学习算法时会发生什么?近年来,所谓的 "合成数据 "被越来越多地用于添加或补充各种机器学习算法的训练机制。我试图通过与雅克-德里达(Jacques Derrida)的研究合作,以不同的方式解读 "补充"(supplementarity)这一概念,我提出,合成数据的新生体现了我所说的算法社会中合成补充的逻辑。我认为,一方面,合成补充有望并声称能解决机器学习的伦理政治紧张、摩擦和棘手问题。另一方面,它总是达不到这些承诺,因为它必然会干预它声称只是增强的东西。归根结底,这意味着机器学习的空白和摩擦无法被完全填补、补充或解决。
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引用次数: 0
The Oceanic Feeling: Experiencing the Eternal through Swimming 海洋的感觉:通过游泳体验永恒
2区 社会学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231199896
Evan Boyle
Recent times have seen an emergence of cold-water sea swimming as a popular pasttime for increased numbers of people in coastal regions. Within this paper, we seek to outline the philosophical relationship between water and society, right back to Thales. From this we continue through anthropological sources to highlight the relationship between culture and the sea throughout much of human history. Sociology offers only piecemeal theoretical bases for this relationship. Here, the concept of liminality is deployed as a mechanism through which we can interpret human-water relations. On from this, the concept of the ‘oceanic feeling’, coined by French intellectual Romain Rolland, is discussed to situate how the experience of swimming might offer one among many means through which we can return to the world as it is given to us, in a Nietzschean sense, and in doing so return at once to an experience of the eternal borne from presence.
近年来,在沿海地区,越来越多的人开始在冷水海水中游泳,作为一种流行的消遣方式。在本文中,我们试图勾勒出水与社会之间的哲学关系,这可以追溯到泰勒斯。在此基础上,我们继续通过人类学资料来强调在人类历史的大部分时间里文化与海洋之间的关系。社会学只能为这种关系提供零敲碎打的理论基础。在这里,阈限的概念被用作一种机制,通过它我们可以解释人与水的关系。在此基础上,法国知识分子罗曼·罗兰(Romain roland)创造了“海洋感”的概念,讨论了游泳的经验如何在许多方式中提供一种方式,通过这种方式,我们可以在尼采的意义上回到给予我们的世界,并在这样做时立即回到永恒的体验。
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引用次数: 0
Human Interest: Usury from Luther to Bentham 人类利益:从路德到边沁的高利贷
2区 社会学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231203559
Arthur Bradley
This article revisits a set of classic political, theological and economic scenes in the (early) modern debate on usury from Luther to Bentham. To summarize, I argue that this theory of usury – which polemically mobilizes counter-Aristotelian tropes of the breeding, reproduction and husbandry of money – might also be read as a theory of what Foucault famously calls pastoral power. If this debate nominally concerns the ‘repeal’ of the ancient prohibition against money-lending at interest, I argue that what is really at stake here is the pastoral production of a new theory of the subject as ‘human interest’: a self whose allegedly intrinsic self-interest expresses itself paradigmatically through financial interest. In conclusion, I situate this genealogy of human interest within the larger history of the self-interested, capitalist and indebted subject from Hirschman, through Foucault, to Lazzarato.
本文回顾了从路德到边沁(Bentham)的(早期)现代关于高利贷的辩论中的一系列经典的政治、神学和经济场景。总而言之,我认为这个关于高利贷的理论——它激烈地动员了反亚里士多德的关于金钱的繁殖、繁殖和管理的比喻——也可以被解读为福柯著名的“牧权”理论。如果这场辩论名义上是关于“废除”古代禁止高利贷利息的禁令,我认为这里真正利害攸关的是一种新的主题理论的田园生产,即“人类利益”:一个所谓的内在自利的自我,通过经济利益范式地表达自己。最后,我将人类兴趣的谱系置于自利、资本主义和负债主体的更大历史中,从赫希曼,到福柯,再到拉扎拉托。
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引用次数: 0
Out of Place 不合时宜的
2区 社会学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231203155
Bryan S. Turner
This article examines a post-war generation of academics in the United States and in Britain, who, coming from lower-class families without any previous experience of university education, became internationally famous but nevertheless continued to feel out of place in the academic world. Pierre Bourdieu’s framework of habitus, field and doxa is useful in studying the world of such outsiders and exiles who shaped post-war sociology. Without an established canon of sociology, these students typically developed critical and creative perspectives on society. In Britain the post-war welfare state was the foundation of this new breed of academics. John O’Neill is the classic example. In America ‘The Disobedient Generation’ were influenced by race, the Vietnam War, and the draft. William Connolly and Stephen Turner provide two case studies of highly successful academics who were often subjectively outsiders. ‘Event’ and ‘hazard’ imply that successful careers are in fact merely accidental. Neoliberalism may have closed off such accidental careers.
这篇文章考察了战后美国和英国的一代学者,他们来自下层阶级家庭,没有受过任何大学教育,成为国际知名人士,但仍然感到与学术界格格不入。皮埃尔·布迪厄(Pierre Bourdieu)关于惯习(habitus)、场域(field)和doxa的框架,对于研究塑造了战后社会学的局外人和流亡者的世界非常有用。在没有社会学的既定标准的情况下,这些学生通常会对社会产生批判性和创造性的看法。在英国,战后的福利国家是这种新型学者的基础。约翰·奥尼尔就是一个典型的例子。在美国,“不听话的一代”受到种族、越南战争和征兵的影响。威廉·康诺利(William Connolly)和斯蒂芬·特纳(Stephen Turner)提供了两个非常成功的学者的案例研究,他们通常是主观上的局外人。“事件”和“危险”意味着成功的事业实际上仅仅是偶然的。新自由主义可能已经关闭了这种偶然的职业生涯。
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引用次数: 66
Repairability as a Condition of the World: Ernesto Oroza’s Archive of Dis/repair 可修复性作为世界的一种状态:埃内斯托·奥罗萨的“破坏/修复档案”
2区 社会学 Q1 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231204858
Lucy Benjamin
In an age of apparent disrepair as the climate crisis takes hold and neoliberalism fails to liberate, as the cost of living rises and rights are retracted, the need for a reparative turn is overdue. But what is repair? If repair is contained in moments of total breakdown, then the reparative acts of care that sustain the world are denied. Countering these forces and the urgency prescribed by the crisis of disrepair and in what too often appears as the proprietary epistemology of repair, in this paper I offer an account of ‘repairability’. Structured in relation to the reparative gaze of feminist theory and poetic thinking, repairability assumes a material trace, I contend, through the vernacular archive of Cuban artist-ethnographer Ernesto Oroza. Oroza’s work offers a compelling case study through which to think the possibility of repair as an act of worldly becoming.
在一个明显年久失修的时代,气候危机根深蒂固,新自由主义未能解放,生活成本上升,权利被收回,需要一个修复性的转变是迟来的。但什么是修复?如果修复被包含在完全崩溃的时刻,那么维持世界的修复行为就被否定了。为了对抗这些力量和失修危机所规定的紧迫性,以及在经常出现的修理专有认识论中,我在本文中提供了一个关于“可修复性”的解释。我认为,与女权主义理论和诗意思维的修复性凝视相关的结构,可修复性通过古巴艺术家-民族志学家埃内斯托·奥罗萨(Ernesto Oroza)的方言档案呈现出物质痕迹。奥罗萨的作品提供了一个引人注目的案例研究,通过它来思考修复作为一种世俗行为的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
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