Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2229741
Maxwell J. Fuerderer
Abstract Since the Arab Spring’s overthrow of leadership in Tunisia and Egypt in 2011, both states find themselves in severe fiscal crisis due to currency shortages, high external debt and inflation, despite loan arrangements from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Why has a decade of IMF loan programmes been unable to offset these economic imbalances? This article assesses the financial situations in both state cases, outlines the processes and provisions of IMF loan programmes, looks to specific examples of application in post-Arab Spring Tunisia and Egypt, and then articulates whether domestic leadership, exogenous crises, or IMF conditionality arrangements best explain the inability of the IMF to address these fiscal issues. It concludes by placing most of the blame on conditionality of IMF loan programmes, which encourage austerity and increased debt rates, creating a ‘Sisyphean arrangement’ where both states remain continuously inclined to accept further loan programmes, without alternative for economic reform to offset debt. However, effects of domestic leadership actions and exogenous crises remain highly influential on the performance of state economies, illustrating that the IMF’s position as being able to solve most fiscal problems is inhibited by these factors as well.
{"title":"Presidential prerogatives, exogenous situations, and Sisyphean IMF loan arrangements: examining fiscal crises in post-Arab Spring Tunisia and Egypt","authors":"Maxwell J. Fuerderer","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2229741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2229741","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the Arab Spring’s overthrow of leadership in Tunisia and Egypt in 2011, both states find themselves in severe fiscal crisis due to currency shortages, high external debt and inflation, despite loan arrangements from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Why has a decade of IMF loan programmes been unable to offset these economic imbalances? This article assesses the financial situations in both state cases, outlines the processes and provisions of IMF loan programmes, looks to specific examples of application in post-Arab Spring Tunisia and Egypt, and then articulates whether domestic leadership, exogenous crises, or IMF conditionality arrangements best explain the inability of the IMF to address these fiscal issues. It concludes by placing most of the blame on conditionality of IMF loan programmes, which encourage austerity and increased debt rates, creating a ‘Sisyphean arrangement’ where both states remain continuously inclined to accept further loan programmes, without alternative for economic reform to offset debt. However, effects of domestic leadership actions and exogenous crises remain highly influential on the performance of state economies, illustrating that the IMF’s position as being able to solve most fiscal problems is inhibited by these factors as well.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47551024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2233918
Jinlong Liu, Chunhong Sheng
Abstract Forest cover loss in the DPRK is intrinsically related to food insecurity and energy insufficiency. This study used qualitative research methods to understand the deforestation and afforestation history of DPRK. Forest cover in the DPRK decreased during the period of Japanese colonisation, increased slightly after liberation, decreased again during the Korean War, increased because of socialist economic progress, and decreased, when Eastern European socialism collapsed after 1990. Between 1990 and 2010, the decrease amounted to 2.2 million ha, while the volume of growing stock continued to decrease by approximately 3% per year. This was due to the copious amounts of fuel wood harvested from forests. Slash-and-burn cultivation of food crops also increased during that time. The decline in forest quantity and quality required comprehensive measures, including favourable international relations, political and institutional reforms, the decentralisation of forest management, and proper technical support for local communities. The forestry issue in DPRK is complex and, therefore, is no longer solely the prerogative of the forestry sector, but is embodied in political, social, cultural, economic, environmental, and other broad development challenges to country faces. Solving the forestry crisis in DPRK requires addressing challenges related to international political engagement and domestic multi-sector coordination and collaboration.
{"title":"A historic review of deforestation and afforestation in North Korea","authors":"Jinlong Liu, Chunhong Sheng","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2233918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2233918","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forest cover loss in the DPRK is intrinsically related to food insecurity and energy insufficiency. This study used qualitative research methods to understand the deforestation and afforestation history of DPRK. Forest cover in the DPRK decreased during the period of Japanese colonisation, increased slightly after liberation, decreased again during the Korean War, increased because of socialist economic progress, and decreased, when Eastern European socialism collapsed after 1990. Between 1990 and 2010, the decrease amounted to 2.2 million ha, while the volume of growing stock continued to decrease by approximately 3% per year. This was due to the copious amounts of fuel wood harvested from forests. Slash-and-burn cultivation of food crops also increased during that time. The decline in forest quantity and quality required comprehensive measures, including favourable international relations, political and institutional reforms, the decentralisation of forest management, and proper technical support for local communities. The forestry issue in DPRK is complex and, therefore, is no longer solely the prerogative of the forestry sector, but is embodied in political, social, cultural, economic, environmental, and other broad development challenges to country faces. Solving the forestry crisis in DPRK requires addressing challenges related to international political engagement and domestic multi-sector coordination and collaboration.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43743452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2231854
B. De Conti, Patricia Villen
Abstract This article aims to investigate whether the interpretation of the social movements which emerged in the turn of the century as movements defined by their struggles against neoliberalism is applicable for Latin America. With this purpose, the text follows a methodology based on the discussion of some of the main social movements that are currently active in the region, through an analytical scheme, which prioritises the understanding of the historical formation of this subcontinent and its position in the world economy. The hypothesis is that these elements are crucial for a proper appreciation of the material and ideological ground in which these movements carry out their struggles, as well as the huge socioeconomic contradictions, which may create obstacles, but also impetus for contestation. Finally, the text debates the promotion of these movements on regional and international level, taking into consideration the potential of internationalisation related to four axes which were identified in the research—namely livelihood, territory, ethnical identity and sustainability. Through this analysis, the article contributes to the understanding of the raison d’être of these Latin American social movements, but also to the discussions on the emancipatory potential ingrained in their struggles.
{"title":"Emancipatory movements in Latin America: challenges and impetus arising from the historical formation of the region","authors":"B. De Conti, Patricia Villen","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2231854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2231854","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article aims to investigate whether the interpretation of the social movements which emerged in the turn of the century as movements defined by their struggles against neoliberalism is applicable for Latin America. With this purpose, the text follows a methodology based on the discussion of some of the main social movements that are currently active in the region, through an analytical scheme, which prioritises the understanding of the historical formation of this subcontinent and its position in the world economy. The hypothesis is that these elements are crucial for a proper appreciation of the material and ideological ground in which these movements carry out their struggles, as well as the huge socioeconomic contradictions, which may create obstacles, but also impetus for contestation. Finally, the text debates the promotion of these movements on regional and international level, taking into consideration the potential of internationalisation related to four axes which were identified in the research—namely livelihood, territory, ethnical identity and sustainability. Through this analysis, the article contributes to the understanding of the raison d’être of these Latin American social movements, but also to the discussions on the emancipatory potential ingrained in their struggles.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41265058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2230901
Erika Jiménez
Despite the increased application of settler colonial theory to analyse settler colonial contexts, critical scholars have highlighted its inade-quacies – primarily, that it has marginalised Indigenous knowledge and agency. Palestinian scholars have questioned the paradigm’s ability to fully capture the particularities of the Israel–Palestine context. This paper seeks to contribute to these critiques by exploring Palestinian youth’s interpretations of settler colonialism in the West Bank. It draws on qualitative research that explored Palestinian youth’s views on and experiences of human rights. This article suggests that Indigenous analyses of settler colonialism seem more relevant to Palestinian youth than the settler colonial analytic. These, along with consideration of the interplay between neoliberalism and colonisation, may better assist them to understand and articulate settler colonialism and strategise against it.
{"title":"‘The occupation wants to delete us’: Palestinian youth’s interpretations of and resistance to settler colonialism","authors":"Erika Jiménez","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2230901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2230901","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increased application of settler colonial theory to analyse settler colonial contexts, critical scholars have highlighted its inade-quacies – primarily, that it has marginalised Indigenous knowledge and agency. Palestinian scholars have questioned the paradigm’s ability to fully capture the particularities of the Israel–Palestine context. This paper seeks to contribute to these critiques by exploring Palestinian youth’s interpretations of settler colonialism in the West Bank. It draws on qualitative research that explored Palestinian youth’s views on and experiences of human rights. This article suggests that Indigenous analyses of settler colonialism seem more relevant to Palestinian youth than the settler colonial analytic. These, along with consideration of the interplay between neoliberalism and colonisation, may better assist them to understand and articulate settler colonialism and strategise against it.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48515896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2229742
Ghassan Elkahlout, Sansom Milton
{"title":"The evolution of the Gulf states as humanitarian donors","authors":"Ghassan Elkahlout, Sansom Milton","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2229742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2229742","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46890914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2227109
M. Fantappie
{"title":"Politicians, officers and political transition: the case of post 2003 Iraq","authors":"M. Fantappie","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2227109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2227109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46313363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2226607
Olga Demetriou, C. Constantinou, Maria Tselepou
Abstract This article contributes to an understanding of how the world outside the Global North is complicit in the visibility politics that render spaces of harm relevant or irrelevant to the reproduction of racism. Extending insights from decolonial theorising, we examine the colonial matrix that produces ongoing legacies of violence and racism through the case of Cyprus. As a peripheral location, Cyprus has been invisible to this story yet had a role in the distribution and mitigation of colonial violence through the institution of what we call lateral colonialism. Through this concept, we explore how peoples otherwise situated and outside the purview of these violences (non-colonisers and non-Blacks) were also enveloped and complicit in them. The case of Cypriots in Africa helps delineate three modalities of this involvement: governmental, entrepreneurial and religious. Lateral colonialism, we argue, is indispensable in linking decolonial possibilities to a global political agenda. The paper re-scripts Africa into Cypriot histories and Cyprus-qua-periphery into the decolonial narrative. In this double sense, lateral colonialism excavates connections that have been forgottern and obscured.
{"title":"Lateral colonialism: exploring modalities of engagement in decolonial politics from the periphery","authors":"Olga Demetriou, C. Constantinou, Maria Tselepou","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2226607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2226607","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article contributes to an understanding of how the world outside the Global North is complicit in the visibility politics that render spaces of harm relevant or irrelevant to the reproduction of racism. Extending insights from decolonial theorising, we examine the colonial matrix that produces ongoing legacies of violence and racism through the case of Cyprus. As a peripheral location, Cyprus has been invisible to this story yet had a role in the distribution and mitigation of colonial violence through the institution of what we call lateral colonialism. Through this concept, we explore how peoples otherwise situated and outside the purview of these violences (non-colonisers and non-Blacks) were also enveloped and complicit in them. The case of Cypriots in Africa helps delineate three modalities of this involvement: governmental, entrepreneurial and religious. Lateral colonialism, we argue, is indispensable in linking decolonial possibilities to a global political agenda. The paper re-scripts Africa into Cypriot histories and Cyprus-qua-periphery into the decolonial narrative. In this double sense, lateral colonialism excavates connections that have been forgottern and obscured.","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48586905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2228715
J. Bachman, Esther Brito Ruiz
{"title":"The geopolitics of human suffering: a comparative study of media coverage of the conflicts in Yemen and Ukraine","authors":"J. Bachman, Esther Brito Ruiz","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2228715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2228715","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46791254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2223133
Aditya Ray
{"title":"Professionalism as a soft skill: the social construction of worker identity in India’s new services economy","authors":"Aditya Ray","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2223133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2223133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49172115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2023.2226068
Carola Ramos-Cortez, Timothy MacNeill
{"title":"Truth processes and decolonial transformation: a comparative view of Guatemala, Peru, Chile and Colombia","authors":"Carola Ramos-Cortez, Timothy MacNeill","doi":"10.1080/01436597.2023.2226068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2226068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48280,"journal":{"name":"Third World Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42116650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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