Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1177/02637758231197012
Liz Calhoun
A shift in crime analysis software used by municipal police departments in the US is currently underway from simpler predictive models to criminal ‘risk’ forecasting that uses data not specific to crime to direct police to areas with ‘environmental risk factors’ such as bars, transit stops and mental health facilities. Through analyses of interviews with developers, industry professionals and law enforcement as well as published statements, this article offers a detailed examination of how the function and premises of ‘data-driven’ policing are altered by this turn to epistemologies of risk. I argue that the latent presence of ‘disorder’ supplements visible aberrations of ‘order.’ Statistical indeterminacies are called upon to justify a range of police interventions, and a focus on arenas of contagion supplements the spatial logic of containment. These turns reveal that the paradigm of ‘risk’ participates in the cooptation by technocratic reform of critiques exposing the problematic geographies of policing. I therefore suggest a shift away from critique oriented by revealing spatial bias in purported objectivity and towards interventions in the operationalization of indeterminacy itself and the vision of public life that undergirds and is enacted by this software.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1177/02637758231196414
Aya Nassar
This article is an attempt at reading the city through what gets extended and/or suspended in it in a time of an interruption, or a glitch. It does this while thinking about Cairo's curfew during the summer of 2020. I focus on this short pause that disrupted what is perceived to be regular urban life in a place like Cairo. Centering a collaboration with the Egyptian visual artist Azza Ezzat, we read some snapshots of this seemingly minor interruption through three ordinary objects that inhabit the city’s skyline: kites, billboards, and bridges. Through these three objects that suspend at the interstices of a skyline, I trace suspensions and extensions of infrastructure, broadly defined. My contention is that the glitch of the curfew helps to make apparent ongoing processes and infrastructures that keep a post-revolutionary Cairo going (for better or for worse). I propose that the material and affective affordance of the glitch provide a lens that disinvests from the logics of exception and states of emergency that have dominated research on the country and even on the city.
{"title":"Kites, billboards and bridges: Reading the city’s curfew through the glitch","authors":"Aya Nassar","doi":"10.1177/02637758231196414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231196414","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an attempt at reading the city through what gets extended and/or suspended in it in a time of an interruption, or a glitch. It does this while thinking about Cairo's curfew during the summer of 2020. I focus on this short pause that disrupted what is perceived to be regular urban life in a place like Cairo. Centering a collaboration with the Egyptian visual artist Azza Ezzat, we read some snapshots of this seemingly minor interruption through three ordinary objects that inhabit the city’s skyline: kites, billboards, and bridges. Through these three objects that suspend at the interstices of a skyline, I trace suspensions and extensions of infrastructure, broadly defined. My contention is that the glitch of the curfew helps to make apparent ongoing processes and infrastructures that keep a post-revolutionary Cairo going (for better or for worse). I propose that the material and affective affordance of the glitch provide a lens that disinvests from the logics of exception and states of emergency that have dominated research on the country and even on the city.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"23 1","pages":"726 - 744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78285289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1177/02637758231191656
Jack Jen Gieseking
people thinking they can go from being poor to a millionaire as part of a shared American dream. Imagination turns Brown bombers into terrorists and white bombers into mentally ill victims. Imagination gives us borders, gives us superiority, gives us race as an indicator of ability. I often feel I am trapped inside someone else’s capability. I often feel I am trapped inside someone’ else’s imagination, and I must engage my own imagination in order to break free. (2017: 18)
{"title":"Reflections on a cis discipline","authors":"Jack Jen Gieseking","doi":"10.1177/02637758231191656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231191656","url":null,"abstract":"people thinking they can go from being poor to a millionaire as part of a shared American dream. Imagination turns Brown bombers into terrorists and white bombers into mentally ill victims. Imagination gives us borders, gives us superiority, gives us race as an indicator of ability. I often feel I am trapped inside someone else’s capability. I often feel I am trapped inside someone’ else’s imagination, and I must engage my own imagination in order to break free. (2017: 18)","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"63 1","pages":"571 - 591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77454125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1177/02637758231187449
Sage Brice
This essay makes a two-fold argument. First, that in failing its trans constituents, the discipline of geography falls short of its ethical, intellectual, and imaginative commitments. Second, that the task of developing a concept of space adequate to the diversity of trans experience offers an opportunity to tackle long-standing tensions in the discipline. Taking trans experience seriously requires a transversal conception of space, preferencing neither individual bodies nor societal structures as the principal site of meaning, but situating meaning instead in the ongoing, transformative, and mutually constitutive encounter between an individual and its – their – milieu. 1 The second part of this essay sketches out the provisional contours of such a trans concept of space. Both strands of this argument come together in a call for a kinder, more vulnerable, and more solidary discipline. In his deeply moving and powerful essay, Gieseking (2023) sums up some of the ways that geography as a discipline is failing trans people; the ways geography is failing to step through the door that is opened up by what we could call the current ‘trans moment’ (with scare quotes, because this has in fact been a very long, drawn-out, and painful ‘moment’ for many of us and thus we should – following Jules Gill-Peterson (2018) – perhaps speak instead of the long trans century 2 ). I am pleased to note that there was a strong trans presence at this year’s American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting, where Gieseking first delivered his essay as a talk. When I last attended the conference in New Orleans in 2018, there was virtually nothing trans-related in the programme. But as Eden Kinkaid (2020, 2022), among others, has pointed out, this heightened visibility is a double-edged sword for both trans scholars and trans people more generally (Gosset et al., 2022). 3
这篇文章进行了双重论证。首先，地理学科在其跨部门的缺失中，未能履行其伦理、知识和想象的承诺。其次，发展一个足以适应跨性别经验多样性的空间概念的任务，为解决该学科长期存在的紧张关系提供了机会。认真对待跨性别体验需要一种横向的空间概念，既不选择个体身体也不选择社会结构作为意义的主要场所，而是将意义置于个体与其环境之间持续的、变革的、相互构成的遭遇中。本文的第二部分勾勒出这种空间跨概念的初步轮廓。这两种观点结合在一起，呼吁建立一种更友善、更脆弱、更团结的纪律。在他那篇感人而有力的文章中，giesking(2023)总结了地理学作为一门学科辜负跨性别者的一些方式;地理无法跨越我们所称的当前“跨世纪时刻”所打开的大门(使用引号，因为对我们许多人来说，这实际上是一个非常漫长、漫长和痛苦的“时刻”，因此我们应该——按照朱尔斯·吉尔-彼得森(2018)的说法——也许我们应该谈论的不是漫长的跨世纪2)。我很高兴地注意到，在今年的美国地理学家协会年会上，有很多跨性别者出席，giesseek在会上首次发表了他的论文。我上次参加2018年在新奥尔良举行的会议时，会议议程中几乎没有任何与跨性别相关的内容。但正如Eden Kinkaid(2020, 2022)等人指出的那样，这种高度的知名度对跨性别学者和跨性别者来说都是一把双刃剑(Gosset et al.， 2022)。3.
{"title":"Making space for a radical trans imagination: Towards a kinder, more vulnerable, geography","authors":"Sage Brice","doi":"10.1177/02637758231187449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231187449","url":null,"abstract":"This essay makes a two-fold argument. First, that in failing its trans constituents, the discipline of geography falls short of its ethical, intellectual, and imaginative commitments. Second, that the task of developing a concept of space adequate to the diversity of trans experience offers an opportunity to tackle long-standing tensions in the discipline. Taking trans experience seriously requires a transversal conception of space, preferencing neither individual bodies nor societal structures as the principal site of meaning, but situating meaning instead in the ongoing, transformative, and mutually constitutive encounter between an individual and its – their – milieu. 1 The second part of this essay sketches out the provisional contours of such a trans concept of space. Both strands of this argument come together in a call for a kinder, more vulnerable, and more solidary discipline. In his deeply moving and powerful essay, Gieseking (2023) sums up some of the ways that geography as a discipline is failing trans people; the ways geography is failing to step through the door that is opened up by what we could call the current ‘trans moment’ (with scare quotes, because this has in fact been a very long, drawn-out, and painful ‘moment’ for many of us and thus we should – following Jules Gill-Peterson (2018) – perhaps speak instead of the long trans century 2 ). I am pleased to note that there was a strong trans presence at this year’s American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting, where Gieseking first delivered his essay as a talk. When I last attended the conference in New Orleans in 2018, there was virtually nothing trans-related in the programme. But as Eden Kinkaid (2020, 2022), among others, has pointed out, this heightened visibility is a double-edged sword for both trans scholars and trans people more generally (Gosset et al., 2022). 3","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"52 1","pages":"592 - 599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90070735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1177/02637758231183439
N. Anand
In this article, I describe Mumbai’s sea as an “anthroposea” – a sea made with ongoing anthropogenic processes across landwaters – to draw attention to the ways in which it troubles both urban planning and the making of environmental futures. I focus on three moments in which Mumbai’s more-than-human life now emerges in the anthroposea. First, I describe the surprising proliferations of lobsters, gulls, and fishers in a sewage outfall. Second, I draw attention to the city’s flourishing flamingo population amidst industrial effluents in the city’s industrial zone. Finally, the article floats towards a popular city beach where citizen scientists at Marine Life of Mumbai show the ways in which the city’s phenomenal biodiversity is making homes in and with the city’s plastic waste. I argue that these ongoing and dynamic relations between urban waste and more-than-human life make unstable and tenuous the modernist distinctions of nature/culture on which environmental and urban projects depend. The anthroposea does not easily permit the making of near futures. Instead, by crossing spatial scales and epistemological boundaries, the anthroposea holds the city and its citizens in the muddy materialities of an ongoing present; a present in which the vitalities of waste are intransigent, permanent, and generate life in the city’s landwaters.
{"title":"Anthroposea: Planning future ecologies in Mumbai’s wetscapes","authors":"N. Anand","doi":"10.1177/02637758231183439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231183439","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I describe Mumbai’s sea as an “anthroposea” – a sea made with ongoing anthropogenic processes across landwaters – to draw attention to the ways in which it troubles both urban planning and the making of environmental futures. I focus on three moments in which Mumbai’s more-than-human life now emerges in the anthroposea. First, I describe the surprising proliferations of lobsters, gulls, and fishers in a sewage outfall. Second, I draw attention to the city’s flourishing flamingo population amidst industrial effluents in the city’s industrial zone. Finally, the article floats towards a popular city beach where citizen scientists at Marine Life of Mumbai show the ways in which the city’s phenomenal biodiversity is making homes in and with the city’s plastic waste. I argue that these ongoing and dynamic relations between urban waste and more-than-human life make unstable and tenuous the modernist distinctions of nature/culture on which environmental and urban projects depend. The anthroposea does not easily permit the making of near futures. Instead, by crossing spatial scales and epistemological boundaries, the anthroposea holds the city and its citizens in the muddy materialities of an ongoing present; a present in which the vitalities of waste are intransigent, permanent, and generate life in the city’s landwaters.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"47 1","pages":"683 - 706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88497383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/02637758231179224
E. Russell, Poppy de Souza
Following significant social and legal challenges to Australia’s colonial policy of ‘offshoring’ immigration detention, the system has become more mobile and diffuse, expanding through a range of new, ad-hoc, and established detention sites both ‘on’ and ‘offshore’. Refugees, asylum seekers and other non-citizens are frequently transferred and dispersed between these sites, which form ‘spaces of disappearance’. In this article, we draw upon concepts of racial surveillance capitalism and data justice to analyse a work by the Manus Recording Project Collective, titled where are you today, that sought to expose and counter the colonial border’s disappearing effects. The work involved the creation and distribution of audio-recordings from inside detention sites to subscribers. Recordings were distributed via text messages that also plotted individual subscribers in spatiotemporal relation to the detained artists that created them. The Collective thereby appropriated the tools of surveillance capitalism – such as GPS tracking and timestamping – to create dynamic digital cartographies of the mobile-carceral border. Through studying this work, we aim to deepen understandings of colonial bordering practices and highlight possibilities for disrupting the social divisions and exclusions that they reproduce.
{"title":"Counter-mapping the mobile border: Racial surveillance and data justice in spaces of disappearance","authors":"E. Russell, Poppy de Souza","doi":"10.1177/02637758231179224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231179224","url":null,"abstract":"Following significant social and legal challenges to Australia’s colonial policy of ‘offshoring’ immigration detention, the system has become more mobile and diffuse, expanding through a range of new, ad-hoc, and established detention sites both ‘on’ and ‘offshore’. Refugees, asylum seekers and other non-citizens are frequently transferred and dispersed between these sites, which form ‘spaces of disappearance’. In this article, we draw upon concepts of racial surveillance capitalism and data justice to analyse a work by the Manus Recording Project Collective, titled where are you today, that sought to expose and counter the colonial border’s disappearing effects. The work involved the creation and distribution of audio-recordings from inside detention sites to subscribers. Recordings were distributed via text messages that also plotted individual subscribers in spatiotemporal relation to the detained artists that created them. The Collective thereby appropriated the tools of surveillance capitalism – such as GPS tracking and timestamping – to create dynamic digital cartographies of the mobile-carceral border. Through studying this work, we aim to deepen understandings of colonial bordering practices and highlight possibilities for disrupting the social divisions and exclusions that they reproduce.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"33 1","pages":"494 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87260945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/02637758231184881
T. White
Representations of the friction of terrain play a significant role in the production of the territorial imagination in contemporary China. As infrastructure and its attendant promises are rolled out to once-remote corners of the nation, the state has sought to memorialize the heroic experience of the friction of terrain during the Chinese Revolution and subsequent projects of territorial incorporation in Inner Asia, before the proliferation of durable infrastructure. At the same time, even as the Chinese state deploys increasingly high-tech, disembodied means to police its borders, representations of charismatic transport animals used to patrol select sections of these borders have circulated in various media. This article argues that the mobility of animal bodies is deployed to produce a distinctive form of territorial imagination in China, one which foregrounds the friction of terrain at certain sites, and conjures up state fantasies of interspecies relations as/and interethnic friendship. While much recent scholarly literature focusses on the collocation of infrastructure and state power, this article calls for attention to the ways in which states can also mobilize representations of selected sites of roadlessness, and concomitant animal-based mobilities.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/02637758231178031
L. Gibson
The single-use plastic bag is the most legislated item of plastic in the world, banned in over 92 countries. The bans are largely concentrated in Africa and the Caribbean, where the plastic bags are often black and the plastic footprints small. The bans have destabilised essential economic, social, and technical arrangements of marginalised communities reliant on plastic engagements and adaptations to improvise against multiple, overlapping, incursive forms of violence. This article seeks to understand the spatial and material nature of these legislative actions and the particular item of single-use plastic they target. Acknowledging the (spatialised) material realities of the single-use plastic bag, this article argues that these bans are a legislative response to the black plastic bag as spatialised, racialised, sexualised, abject Other. Drawing from monster theory, the article reflects on the trans-corporeal body burdening of black plastic bags and the black hands, black bodies, black markets, and black, corrupt, illicit actions with whom and which they are associated. Reconceptualising the (black) single-use plastic bag as an agape, plastic monster that defines, patrols, and transgresses cultural/economic boundaries, this article calls for making explicit the vermicular activities within economic marginalisation and distinguishing them from the discursively constructed amorphous, tentacled mass.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/02637758231181398
Alexandrine Boudreault‐Fournier
Pressure refers to a force exerted on humans, objects, and ecosystems that prevents or facilitates the flow and growth of things, movements, bodies, and ideas. Cuba has to cope with a lot of pressure due to the collapse of the tourist industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, an aging infrastructure, a malfunctioning system, and the long-lasting U.S. embargo. I propose to think through pressure in order to highlight some of the strategies adopted by people and other organisms to deal with or lower the pressure felt in their daily life. In reflecting on the current Cuban economic, social and humanitarian crisis, I aim at catching the pulse of the moment to shift the crisis-based discourse to one based on pressure. I focus on two types of pressure – air and blood – to think through the pulse of the post-COVID Cuban crisis. Pressure allows for a cross-sectorial and multi-scalar understanding of the connections between how people live and how they strive to develop coping mechanisms to face pressure.
{"title":"Under pressure: Catching the pulse of a Cuban crisis","authors":"Alexandrine Boudreault‐Fournier","doi":"10.1177/02637758231181398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758231181398","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure refers to a force exerted on humans, objects, and ecosystems that prevents or facilitates the flow and growth of things, movements, bodies, and ideas. Cuba has to cope with a lot of pressure due to the collapse of the tourist industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, an aging infrastructure, a malfunctioning system, and the long-lasting U.S. embargo. I propose to think through pressure in order to highlight some of the strategies adopted by people and other organisms to deal with or lower the pressure felt in their daily life. In reflecting on the current Cuban economic, social and humanitarian crisis, I aim at catching the pulse of the moment to shift the crisis-based discourse to one based on pressure. I focus on two types of pressure – air and blood – to think through the pulse of the post-COVID Cuban crisis. Pressure allows for a cross-sectorial and multi-scalar understanding of the connections between how people live and how they strive to develop coping mechanisms to face pressure.","PeriodicalId":48303,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning D-Society & Space","volume":"78 1","pages":"392 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74216014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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