This article explores platform workers’ strategies for producing sustainable, quality services within platform structures that simultaneously over- and under-determine their work. We present findings from interviews with U.S.-based mental health professionals (n = 48) working on teletherapy platforms. These therapists describe navigating both the presence of platformic controls and the absence of features supporting professional best practices and regulatory requirements. We describe this absence as the “empty shell” characteristic of platforms and argue that it is a central technique through which platforms create scale. Our findings detail the communicative strategies therapists employ to navigate the empty shell and provide quality care to their clients. These strategies can be seen as a form of “articulation work,” a concept drawn from the sociology of work. Attending to articulation work in an emerging platform labor context, such as teletherapy, contributes to our understanding of the politics of platforms.
{"title":"Navigating the empty shell: the role of articulation work in platform structures","authors":"Linda Huber, Casey S. Pierce","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores platform workers’ strategies for producing sustainable, quality services within platform structures that simultaneously over- and under-determine their work. We present findings from interviews with U.S.-based mental health professionals (n = 48) working on teletherapy platforms. These therapists describe navigating both the presence of platformic controls and the absence of features supporting professional best practices and regulatory requirements. We describe this absence as the “empty shell” characteristic of platforms and argue that it is a central technique through which platforms create scale. Our findings detail the communicative strategies therapists employ to navigate the empty shell and provide quality care to their clients. These strategies can be seen as a form of “articulation work,” a concept drawn from the sociology of work. Attending to articulation work in an emerging platform labor context, such as teletherapy, contributes to our understanding of the politics of platforms.","PeriodicalId":48319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86154303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various occupations are increasingly confronted with promises that new technologies will transform their work long before these technologies are deployed in their workplace. Although we know how new technologies are framed when they are introduced to work, we have limited understanding of how practitioners frame an emerging technology before it is deployed. Building on frame literature and examining the case of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic radiology, I show how radiologists go beyond technological promises by engaging in constructing multiple frames ex ante (pre-frames). These pre-frames are neither technology-centric nor work-centric, but rather are dialectic technology–work frames, through which their accounts of both technology and work are simultaneously (re)constructed. They not only help radiologists settle around certain ways of relating AI to their work, but also unsettle their accounts by unearthing unresolved debates, raising new questions, and impelling them to consider divergent reaction strategies.
{"title":"Pre-framing an emerging technology before it is deployed at work: the case of artificial intelligence and radiology","authors":"M. R. Rezazade Mehrizi","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmad029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Various occupations are increasingly confronted with promises that new technologies will transform their work long before these technologies are deployed in their workplace. Although we know how new technologies are framed when they are introduced to work, we have limited understanding of how practitioners frame an emerging technology before it is deployed. Building on frame literature and examining the case of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic radiology, I show how radiologists go beyond technological promises by engaging in constructing multiple frames ex ante (pre-frames). These pre-frames are neither technology-centric nor work-centric, but rather are dialectic technology–work frames, through which their accounts of both technology and work are simultaneously (re)constructed. They not only help radiologists settle around certain ways of relating AI to their work, but also unsettle their accounts by unearthing unresolved debates, raising new questions, and impelling them to consider divergent reaction strategies.","PeriodicalId":48319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78524922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online innovation competitions are ecosystems where institutions source numerous solutions from knowledge workers through a platform intermediary. By considering how an individual competitor’s performance varies based on their social positioning in a competition ecosystem’s collaboration network, we illustrate the value of social networks for individual outcomes in online competitions. The study reports results from Kaggle, a popular online competition platform for data science, where a sample of 350,956 users participated in 2,789 competitions over 4 years. We investigate how the number of collaborations, membership in the largest connected component in the network, and diversity of collaboration experiences impact the points and medals earned and how quickly competitors earn their first medal. Results show that positioning has a positive relationship with performance in competitive ecosystems. Relevant to the future of work, the study considers how knowledge workers in future workplaces should manage their online collaborations.
{"title":"Positioning in a collaboration network and performance in competitions: a case study of Kaggle","authors":"Marlon Twyman, Goran Muric, Weiwei Zheng","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Online innovation competitions are ecosystems where institutions source numerous solutions from knowledge workers through a platform intermediary. By considering how an individual competitor’s performance varies based on their social positioning in a competition ecosystem’s collaboration network, we illustrate the value of social networks for individual outcomes in online competitions. The study reports results from Kaggle, a popular online competition platform for data science, where a sample of 350,956 users participated in 2,789 competitions over 4 years. We investigate how the number of collaborations, membership in the largest connected component in the network, and diversity of collaboration experiences impact the points and medals earned and how quickly competitors earn their first medal. Results show that positioning has a positive relationship with performance in competitive ecosystems. Relevant to the future of work, the study considers how knowledge workers in future workplaces should manage their online collaborations.","PeriodicalId":48319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84701849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theories and research in human–machine communication (HMC) suggest that machines, when replacing humans as communication partners, change the processes and outcomes of communication. With artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly used to interview and evaluate job applicants, employers should consider the effects of AI on applicants’ psychology and performance during AI-based interviews. This study examined job applicants’ experience and speech fluency when evaluated by AI. In a three-condition between-subjects experiment (N = 134), college students had an online mock job interview under the impression that their performance would be evaluated by a human recruiter, an AI system, or an AI system with a humanlike interface. Participants reported higher uncertainty and lower social presence and had a higher articulation rate in the AI-evaluation condition than in the human-evaluation condition. Through lowering social presence, AI evaluation increased speech rate and reduced silent pauses. Findings inform theories of HMC and practices of automated recruitment and professional training.
{"title":"Speech production under uncertainty: how do job applicants experience and communicate with an AI interviewer?","authors":"Bingjie Liu, Lewen Wei, Mu Wu, Tianyi Luo","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Theories and research in human–machine communication (HMC) suggest that machines, when replacing humans as communication partners, change the processes and outcomes of communication. With artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly used to interview and evaluate job applicants, employers should consider the effects of AI on applicants’ psychology and performance during AI-based interviews. This study examined job applicants’ experience and speech fluency when evaluated by AI. In a three-condition between-subjects experiment (N = 134), college students had an online mock job interview under the impression that their performance would be evaluated by a human recruiter, an AI system, or an AI system with a humanlike interface. Participants reported higher uncertainty and lower social presence and had a higher articulation rate in the AI-evaluation condition than in the human-evaluation condition. Through lowering social presence, AI evaluation increased speech rate and reduced silent pauses. Findings inform theories of HMC and practices of automated recruitment and professional training.","PeriodicalId":48319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81758368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Remote and hybrid workers know fewer of their colleagues and have fewer strong workplace relationships. If strong relationships support knowledge sharing, workers will have a harder time getting knowledge they need. Prior research shows that digital communication technologies increase workers’ network-level knowledge of “who knows what” and “who knows who.” Yet, knowledge seekers may be hesitant to ask for knowledge, particularly when they have concerns that their relationship with a knowledge source is too distant. We conduct a dyad-level study of 141 instances of knowledge seeking among employees of a South American telecommunications company employing a hybrid work arrangement and using an enterprise social media called Chatter. We find that specific uses of the technology help develop what we call “relational confidence,” or the confidence that one has a close enough relationship to a colleague to ask and get needed knowledge. With greater relational confidence, knowledge sharing is more successful.
{"title":"Building relational confidence in remote and hybrid work arrangements: novel ways to use digital technologies to foster knowledge sharing","authors":"S. Keppler, P. Leonardi","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmad020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Remote and hybrid workers know fewer of their colleagues and have fewer strong workplace relationships. If strong relationships support knowledge sharing, workers will have a harder time getting knowledge they need. Prior research shows that digital communication technologies increase workers’ network-level knowledge of “who knows what” and “who knows who.” Yet, knowledge seekers may be hesitant to ask for knowledge, particularly when they have concerns that their relationship with a knowledge source is too distant. We conduct a dyad-level study of 141 instances of knowledge seeking among employees of a South American telecommunications company employing a hybrid work arrangement and using an enterprise social media called Chatter. We find that specific uses of the technology help develop what we call “relational confidence,” or the confidence that one has a close enough relationship to a colleague to ask and get needed knowledge. With greater relational confidence, knowledge sharing is more successful.","PeriodicalId":48319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79660709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the groupware calendar system (GCS) has sought to understand its situated use in workplace contexts, revealing insights around design, culture, and self-understanding. A critical look at how knowledge workers use the GCS, and conceptualize of this use, reveals often overlooked sociotechnical values that figure prominently in workers’ lives. At a time when the public–private entanglement has become top-of-mind, this article adds to research on the GCS and professional subjectivity. It shows how organizational values circulate through use of the GCS and explores how hierarchy is negotiated on it, in part through design. It finds that senior-level workers are afforded opportunities to make their calendars private, while nonsenior workers are met with frustration when doing so. The article draws from a multi-sited ethnography, focusing on interviews with software workers in Canada. Findings suggest that the logistical functions of the GCS shape the affective dimensions related to its use.
{"title":"Transparency, openness and privacy among software professionals: discourses and practices surrounding use of the digital calendar","authors":"Vanessa Ciccone","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmad015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Research on the groupware calendar system (GCS) has sought to understand its situated use in workplace contexts, revealing insights around design, culture, and self-understanding. A critical look at how knowledge workers use the GCS, and conceptualize of this use, reveals often overlooked sociotechnical values that figure prominently in workers’ lives. At a time when the public–private entanglement has become top-of-mind, this article adds to research on the GCS and professional subjectivity. It shows how organizational values circulate through use of the GCS and explores how hierarchy is negotiated on it, in part through design. It finds that senior-level workers are afforded opportunities to make their calendars private, while nonsenior workers are met with frustration when doing so. The article draws from a multi-sited ethnography, focusing on interviews with software workers in Canada. Findings suggest that the logistical functions of the GCS shape the affective dimensions related to its use.","PeriodicalId":48319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74345029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Communication networks do not predict success in attempts at peer production","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmad012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135001569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Video-mediated communication (VMC) has become particularly important for geographically dispersed families. Drawing on a 2-year video-based ethnographic study of under-resourced Chinese rural-to-urban migrant parents and their left-behind children, this article captures on-site distant parent–child VMC. Applying qualitative video analysis to study video calls, this article focuses on how people “choreograph” these video calls and investigates the improvised composition of actions and activities in mediated environment. The findings reveal that people coordinate the materiality, amplify the emotionality, and underpin the morality of love to sustain intimate relationships. Multigenerational parties, including parents, children, and grandparents, actively manage their connections through the moment-by-moment unfolding of choreographed actions in VMC. This study also highlights the bittersweet experiences, including the tension, contradictions, and asymmetries, among migrant parents, children, and the caregivers.
{"title":"Choreographing digital love: materiality, emotionality, and morality in video-mediated communication between Chinese migrant parents and their left-behind children","authors":"Yumei Gan","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmad006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Video-mediated communication (VMC) has become particularly important for geographically dispersed families. Drawing on a 2-year video-based ethnographic study of under-resourced Chinese rural-to-urban migrant parents and their left-behind children, this article captures on-site distant parent–child VMC. Applying qualitative video analysis to study video calls, this article focuses on how people “choreograph” these video calls and investigates the improvised composition of actions and activities in mediated environment. The findings reveal that people coordinate the materiality, amplify the emotionality, and underpin the morality of love to sustain intimate relationships. Multigenerational parties, including parents, children, and grandparents, actively manage their connections through the moment-by-moment unfolding of choreographed actions in VMC. This study also highlights the bittersweet experiences, including the tension, contradictions, and asymmetries, among migrant parents, children, and the caregivers.","PeriodicalId":48319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","volume":"41 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89158610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction of: Digital Communication Media Use and Psychological Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136340495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrian Meier, Ine Beyens, Teun Siebers, J. Pouwels, P. Valkenburg
There is a popular concern that adolescents’ social media use, especially via smartphones, leads to the delay of intended, potentially more important tasks. Automatic social media use and frequent phone checking may especially contribute to task delay. Prior research has investigated this hypothesis through between-person associations. We advance the literature by additionally examining within-person and person-specific associations of automatic social media use and mobile phone checking frequency with each other and task delay. Preregistered hypotheses were tested with multilevel modeling on data from 3 weeks of experience sampling among N = 312 adolescents (ages 13–15), including T = 22,809 assessments. More automatic social media use and more frequent phone checking were, on average, associated with more task delay at the within-person level. However, heterogeneity analyses found these positive associations to be significant for only a minority of adolescents. We discuss implications for the media habit concept and adolescents’ self-regulation.
{"title":"Habitual social media and smartphone use are linked to task delay for some, but not all, adolescents","authors":"Adrian Meier, Ine Beyens, Teun Siebers, J. Pouwels, P. Valkenburg","doi":"10.1093/jcmc/zmad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There is a popular concern that adolescents’ social media use, especially via smartphones, leads to the delay of intended, potentially more important tasks. Automatic social media use and frequent phone checking may especially contribute to task delay. Prior research has investigated this hypothesis through between-person associations. We advance the literature by additionally examining within-person and person-specific associations of automatic social media use and mobile phone checking frequency with each other and task delay. Preregistered hypotheses were tested with multilevel modeling on data from 3 weeks of experience sampling among N = 312 adolescents (ages 13–15), including T = 22,809 assessments. More automatic social media use and more frequent phone checking were, on average, associated with more task delay at the within-person level. However, heterogeneity analyses found these positive associations to be significant for only a minority of adolescents. We discuss implications for the media habit concept and adolescents’ self-regulation.","PeriodicalId":48319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72824416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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