Psychology of Addictive Behaviors最新文献

Objective: A defining characteristic of alcohol use disorders is the loss of control over drinking. Although this loss is associated with reduced self-control, the relationship is supported by limited research conducted in real-world contexts, and existing studies have certain limitations and produce inconsistent findings. Given these gaps, our study investigated whether perceived demands on self-control could predict a subsequent loss of control over drinking (i.e., drinking more than planned) in the daily lives of young adults. Additionally, we examined whether peer exposure and negative urgency act as moderators in this relationship, and explored other aspects of trait impulsivity as moderators.

Method: We observed 496 participants (45% female, 54% White, non-Hispanic, ages 18-22; M_age = 20.3) from Thursday to Sunday across 8 weeks. Participants completed five daily surveys assessing perceived self-control demands over moods and thoughts, peer exposure, and mood. Planned and actual drinking amounts were recorded at the second survey and the next morning, respectively. Loss of control over drinking was defined as the deviation between actual and planned consumption. Baseline measurements included trait impulsivity (urgency, premeditation, and perseverance). We used a mixed-effects linear model to analyze how self-control demands impacted loss of control over drinking across individuals.

Results: Within individuals, predrinking perceived self-control demands did not predict the degree of deviation from planned alcohol consumption. Additionally, neither peer exposure nor negative urgency moderated this relationship.

Conclusions: Utilizing a substantial sample size and rigorous methodology, this study demonstrates that predrinking self-control demands over moods and thoughts do not predict drinking more than intended. Moreover, neither peer exposure nor negative urgency moderate this relationship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Alcohol advertising can induce craving and increase the consumption of alcohol, though individuals vary in their susceptibility. Recent findings suggest that attentional allocation toward alcohol adverts predicts subsequent alcohol craving and consumption. However, methodological limitations leave key issues unresolved, including whether attention to alcohol adverts causally impacts craving and consumption. This study tested the hypothesis that attentional allocation to alcohol adverts increases their impact on alcohol consumption via craving using an attentional manipulation approach.

Method: Seventy-one undergraduate students, who reported enjoying drinking beer, were exposed to beer and soft drink adverts in a dual advert viewing task designed to manipulate attentional allocation toward or away from beer adverts. Following advert viewing, relative craving for beer versus soft drinks and preferential beer consumption were assessed. A mediation model examined whether this attentional manipulation influenced consumption via craving.

Results: The attentional manipulation was successful, with participants in the "attend beer adverts" condition displaying a disproportionate attentional allocation toward beer adverts and those in the "avoid beer adverts" condition showing a disproportionate attentional allocation away from beer adverts. Mediation analysis, employing bootstrapped confidence intervals, confirmed that the attentional manipulation influenced beer consumption following advert viewing via its effect on beer craving.

Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that attentional allocation toward alcohol adverts causally influences alcohol consumption following advert exposure, mediated by its impact on alcohol craving. We discuss the implications of these findings for targeted interventions to mitigate the potentially harmful effects of alcohol advertising. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Many young adults use alcohol and cannabis to regulate sleep. Given the high prevalence of simultaneous alcohol-cannabis use in this population, there is a need to clarify the association between simultaneous use and sleep. This study examined daily relationships between simultaneous use (vs. cannabis-only, alcohol-only, and no use) and key sleep indices (i.e., subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and bedtime), exploring the moderating role of substance use problem severity.

Method: Young adults (N = 150; 64% female; M_age = 22.09) completed daily morning surveys in a smartphone app assessing prior-day alcohol and cannabis use, as well as sleep indices for the previous night. Participants also completed measures of alcohol and cannabis problem severity at baseline.

Results: Compared with simultaneous use days, participants reported worse sleep quality and shorter sleep duration on alcohol-only days, earlier bedtime on cannabis-only days, and poorer sleep quality and earlier bedtime on no use days. Further, individuals with greater alcohol problem severity reported shorter sleep durations on alcohol-only and cannabis-only days than simultaneous use days, as well as later bedtimes on alcohol-only versus simultaneous use days. By contrast, those with lower alcohol problem severity reported earlier bedtimes on no use days and alcohol-only days compared with simultaneous use days. Cannabis problem severity did not moderate any day-level associations, and sleep outcomes were not significantly associated with the likelihood of engaging in next-day simultaneous use.

Conclusions: Findings illuminate the daily-level relationships between simultaneous alcohol-cannabis use and sleep. Future research should explore tailoring sleep interventions based on simultaneous use behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Despite a robust literature on the relationship between protective behavioral strategies, also known as harm reduction strategies (HRS), and alcohol-specific harm reduction (Cox et al., 2024; Peterson et al., 2021), limited formative research has been conducted in the last decade to update the types of HRS currently being implemented. This study utilized qualitative data from open-ended questionnaires to identify HRS recommended by college students who drink heavily.

Method: Qualitative data were collected from 179 heavy-drinking college students (61% women, 49% White). Students responded in writing to a computer-delivered, open-ended prompt soliciting suggestions for preventing alcohol-related consequences related to drinking. Coders independently coded the written responses, resolving discrepancies via consensus, and then used thematic analysis to identify key themes in the data.

Results: Essays ranged from 37 to 700 words (M = 261.96, SD = 130.84), revealing 28 distinct HRS. While many strategies aligned with items on commonly used protective behavioral measures, new strategies were also revealed (e.g., social accountability and bodily awareness). Findings revealed that HRS can be organized according to when they might occur: before, during, and/or after a drinking event. Additionally, some HRS required social support, while others could be implemented independently.

Conclusions: The results suggest a novel framework for understanding HRS adopted by heavy-drinking college students. The temporal and social dimensions of the HRS described in this study differ from the many assessments that typically concentrate on the strategies a drinker can use during drinking events. Prevention efforts could benefit from expanding the pool of potential HRS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Increasing rates of marijuana use, especially in college students, can lead to unwanted use consequences that vary in severity. Marijuana protective behavioral strategies (MPBS) are harm reduction-based behaviors for minimizing use and undesirable use outcomes. While the use of MPBS is negatively associated with marijuana use metrics and related consequences, the relationship is complex, as use metrics, use outcomes, and MPBS seem to vary among individuals living within different cultural contexts. The present study sought to compare how participants living in different countries conceptualize and describe their use of MPBS.

Method: We used structural topic modeling to analyze a collection of write-in responses from participants in the United States and Argentina describing self-generated MPBS.

Results: Our results indicate that there is thematic overlap in the models related to self-efficacy, but that this theme was more generalized in the American model. We also observed topics that were unique to each model. In the Argentinian data set, strategies for enhancing one's use context emerged as a distinct topic (i.e., planned use), whereas topics centering on methods of distracting oneself and prioritizing other tasks were specific to the American model (i.e., distraction and prioritization).

Conclusions: These observations suggest culturally specific refinements are warranted for existing MPBS measurements and could be useful for developing more robust harm reduction interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: A few studies have tested for negative reinforcement of alcohol and cannabis use at the daily level by examining changes in negative affect following substance use. However, changes in affect may not be perceived by participants or may not be attributed by participants to substance use. This study aimed to test whether using cannabis to cope with negative affect was associated with participants' perception that their negative affect was reduced by cannabis use (cannabis-contingent relief) and to determine whether this perceived relief predicted subsequent cannabis use.

Method: We used ecological momentary assessment data (two observations per day for 14 days) from 571 young adult females who regularly used cannabis, including an oversampling of sexual minority women and gender diverse individuals (77.6%).

Results: At the event-level, using cannabis to cope with negative affect was associated with experiencing perceived cannabis-contingent relief from negative affect, but only when motives and relief were reported in the same survey. Cannabis-contingent relief predicted an increased likelihood of using cannabis on the next day when anxious or depressed affect was elevated. When participants had experienced more cannabis-contingent relief during the ecological momentary assessment, they were more likely to use cannabis when they subsequently experienced depressed affect, but not if they had experienced less cannabis-contingent relief.

Conclusions: Findings were consistent with theories of negative reinforcement. Participants experienced relief from undesired states following cannabis use and this relief predicted a higher likelihood of using cannabis when these undesired states were experienced again, particularly when cannabis-contingent relief was experienced on the prior day. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Self-determination theory provides a useful framework for understanding engagement and change in health behaviors and has informed efficacious health intervention, but applications to alcohol use are limited. In the present research, we test hypotheses that greater satisfaction of the psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) is associated with protective factors for alcohol use, whereas greater need frustration is associated with risk factors.

Method: In Studies 1 and 2, convenience samples of college students across the United States completed a cross-sectional survey (Study 1: n = 1,401; M_age = 20.6, SD = 4.0; 73.3% female; 60.3% non-Hispanic White; Study 2: n = 2,276; M_age = 21.1, SD = 5.0; 70.4% female; 52.4% non-Hispanic White). In Study 3, a national sample of U.S. adults completed five surveys over 2 years (n = 1,719; M_age = 49.0, SD = 15.4; 57.4% men; 71.8% non-Hispanic White).

Results: In Studies 1 and 2, we found small associations of greater need satisfaction with more engagement in alcohol harm reduction behaviors, lower alcohol use severity, and fewer alcohol problems; need frustration demonstrated the opposite pattern of associations. In Study 3, we found large positive associations between need frustration and alcohol use severity at each time point, and a large positive association between change in need frustration and change in alcohol use severity.

Conclusions: These findings suggest preliminary support for associations between psychological needs and alcohol use and related outcomes that may lead to future research on alcohol intervention development and refinement based on self-determination theory. However, further research is needed, especially examination of psychological needs in the context of alcohol use or changes in alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: In The Rooms (ITR) is a commonly used digital recovery support service, yet little is known about ITR participation or its benefits. Greater knowledge would help inform the field about its potential utility.

Method: U.S. adults in, seeking, or interested in learning more about substance use disorder recovery (N = 250; M_age = 46 years; 63.6% female; 18.4% non-White; 59.6% with substance use disorder; 95.2% in recovery with M duration = 6.5 years, SD = 8.5) were recruited from ITR and assessed at study intake and 3 (n = 217; 86.8%) and 6 months (n = 213; 85.2%) later. Analyses of variance examined whether time spent on ITR (ITR time) or number of activities (ITR activity) differed by recovery duration (<1 year/not in recovery; 1-<5 years; and 5+ years). Generalized estimating equation models examined whether each of ITR time and ITR activities was independently associated with abstinence and quality of life contemporaneously and in time-lagged analyses, controlling for relevant confounders.

Results: Individuals with 5+ years had initially lower ITR time but similar ITR activity. ITR time was independently associated with abstinent days, and, in time-lagged models, more ITR activity was independently associated with greater abstinence for those with <1 year or not yet in recovery. Neither ITR participation measure was associated with quality of life.

Conclusions: ITR may be a promising digital recovery support service that promotes greater abstinence, especially for those in early recovery. Further comparative research is warranted to examine incremental benefits attributable specifically to ITR participation and to investigate for whom, and how, this accessible and widely used service may be helpful. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Family risk factors frequently cluster together and play important roles in adolescent problematic internet use (PIU). However, the longitudinal association between cumulative family risk and PIU among adolescents and its potential mediation mechanisms are largely unexplored. Grounded in motivational theories, this study aims to examine the longitudinal association between cumulative family risk and adolescent PIU 2 years later and to determine whether this association is mediated by internal need (i.e., basic psychological need satisfaction) and external incentive (i.e., maladaptive cognition).

Method: Participants were 1,365 Chinese adolescents (M_age = 14.68 years, SD = 1.56; 46.8% girls) involved in this three-wave longitudinal study between 2015 and 2017.

Results: After controlling for demographic covariates and baseline core variables, cumulative family risk was significantly associated with the increase in adolescent PIU over time. Furthermore, the relationship was mediated by basic psychological need satisfaction and maladaptive cognition. Multigroup analyses confirmed that the mediation model remained invariant across gender and schooling periods.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that cumulative family risk may impair adolescents' basic psychological need satisfaction and increase their maladaptive cognition over internet use, thereby increasing the risk of PIU. These findings provide valuable implications for preventing and intervening in adolescent PIU. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) is prevalent among young adults, particularly college students. This study utilized structural equation modeling to examine differences in alcohol use, cannabis use, and alcohol consequences across PSM groups, (no use, appropriate use, medical misuse [i.e., not using one's own prescription as directed], and nonmedical misuse [i.e., using prescription stimulants not prescribed to oneself]) while controlling for psychological factors and other prescription drug use.

Method: Participants (N = 1,692, M_age = 19.1, 52.5% male, 70.5% White, 19.5% Hispanic/Latinx) were undergraduates who completed self-reported measures of prescription drug use, alcohol use, cannabis use, alcohol consequences (Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire), impulsivity (Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale), and internalizing symptoms (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 [DASS-21]).

Results: Compared to no stimulant use, nonmedical stimulant misuse was associated with higher alcohol use (Wald χ² = 7.288, p = .007, d = 0.275) and cannabis use (Wald χ² = 25.491, p < .001, d = 0.444). Compared to appropriate use, nonmedical misuse was also associated with higher alcohol use (Wald χ² = 4.928, p = .026, d = 0.271) and cannabis use (Wald χ² = 8.215, p = .004, d = 0.349). Medical misuse was linked to greater cannabis use compared to nonuse (Wald χ² = 6.488, p = .011, d = 0.375), but not to alcohol use or consequences.

Conclusions: Nonmedical misuse was associated with higher alcohol and cannabis use, while medical misuse was more specifically linked to cannabis use. These findings support tailored interventions addressing unique misuse subtypes and substance use patterns. Future research should explore motivational and contextual factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).