Psychology of Addictive Behaviors最新文献

Objective: Emotion measurement is central to capturing acute alcohol reinforcement and so to informing models of alcohol use disorder etiology. Yet our understanding of how alcohol impacts emotion as assessed across diverse response modalities remains incomplete. The present study leverages a social alcohol-administration paradigm to assess drinking-related emotions, aiming to elucidate impacts of intoxication on self-reported versus behaviorally expressed emotion.

Method: Participants (N = 60; M_age = 22.5; 50% male; 55% White) attended two counterbalanced laboratory sessions, on one of which they were administered an alcoholic beverage (target blood alcohol content .08%) and on the other a nonalcoholic control beverage. Participants in both conditions were accurately informed of beverage contents and consumed study beverages in assigned groups of three while their behavior was videotaped. Emotion was assessed via self-report as well as continuous coding of facial muscle movements.

Results: The relationship between self-reported and behaviorally expressed emotion diverged significantly across beverage conditions: positive affect: b = -0.174, t = -2.36, p = .022; negative affect, b = 0.4319, t = 2.37, p = .021. Specifically, self-reports and behavioral displays converged among sober but not intoxicated participants. Further, alcohol's effects on positive facial displays remained significant in models controlling for self-reported positive and negative emotion, with alcohol enhancing Duchenne smiles 20% beyond effects captured via self-reports, pointing to unique effects of alcohol on behavioral indicators of positive emotion.

Conclusions: Findings highlight effects of acute intoxication on the convergence and divergence of emotion measures, thus informing our understanding of measures for capturing emotions that are most proximal to drinking and thus most immediately reinforcing of alcohol consumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This article introduces the common and unique latent transition analysis (CULTA), a novel approach to studying alcohol intoxication dynamics in young adults engaged in heavy episodic drinking. CULTA merges the common and unique trait-state model with latent transition analysis to separate stable, traitlike intoxication components from transient fluctuations while modeling transitions between distinct drinking profiles.

Method: A sample of 222 young adults wore transdermal alcohol concentration sensors for 6 days, capturing real-time alcohol levels. The CULTA model decomposed intoxication variability into common and unique influences across four transdermal alcohol concentration features-peak, rise rate, fall rate, and duration. Latent intoxication profiles were identified, and transition probabilities between profiles were estimated with a focus on the influence of alcohol use disorder risk measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.

Results: Two latent intoxication profiles emerged. The first, chronic heavy episodic drinking, was characterized by persistently high intoxication without significant inertia, while the second, inertia-driven drinking, featured moderate episodic intoxication with a strong autoregressive effect, reflecting lingering intoxication that dissipates over time. Individuals with higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores were more likely to remain in or transition to the chronic heavy episodic drinking profile. Although peak intoxication and rise rate showed limited individual variability, fall rate and duration varied substantially, marking them as potential targets for intervention.

Conclusions: CULTA advances our understanding of alcohol intoxication by distinguishing stable from transient influences and modeling transitions between drinking states. These findings suggest that interventions should address both persistent and situational aspects of intoxication-especially by reducing duration and fall rate-and encourage research across longer periods and populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Understanding the consequences that occur when bystanders intervene to address problematic alcohol use in others is of utmost importance because the consequences that bystanders experience can influence their behavior in future situations. Consequences are defined as the effects of attempting to help another person and may be positive and/or negative. Given the dearth of measurement scales for alcohol-related bystander intervention, the present study aimed to develop two valid and reliable measures of consequences following alcohol-related bystander intervention: one assessing positive consequences and one assessing negative consequences.

Method: Young adults (N = 1,011; 51.2% men) participated in an online survey containing bystander consequence items. A subset of participants (n = 345) completed a 2-week follow-up to evaluate test-retest reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory were used to examine model fit and reduce the number of items. Correlations with established measures were used to evaluate validity.

Results: One-factor solutions demonstrated the best fit for both measures. Both measures demonstrated strong internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and evidence of convergent validity.

Conclusions: The newly developed Bystanders to Alcohol Risk Scale-Positive Consequence and Bystanders to Alcohol Risk Scale-Negative Consequence are valid and reliable measures of the consequence bystanders experience when they intervene during alcohol-related situations. These measures might be used for surveillance of consequences among bystanders or as a measure of outcomes following bystander intervention training. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) are two widely used instruments for assessing anxiety and depression, respectively, but no studies have examined their psychometric properties among individuals with substance use disorders. This study's objectives were to (a) validate the factor structures, examining single and two-factor models, and (b) examine measurement invariance across age and sex.

Method: Inpatients with substance use disorders (N = 1,220, 70.9% male, M_age = 41 years) completed the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 as part of routine measurement-based care at admission. Confirmatory factor analysis assessed one-factor and two-factor latent models for the GAD-7 and PHQ-9.

Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that in both cases, the one-factor structures exhibited a moderately good fit, with acceptable values for two of four fit indices, but the two-factor structure (with item clusters reflecting cognitive and somatic features) met acceptable fit for all indices. The two-factor models were also invariant across age (examined using quartiles) and sex (female, male).

Conclusions: These findings generally support the psychometric validity of the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 in patients with substance use disorders, but particularly a two-factor model that separates cognitive from somatic features. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The U.S. electronic cigarette marketplace is diverse and has evolved rapidly. To provide a standardized research model, the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse developed the Standard Research E-Cigarette (SREC). This study characterized potential gender differences in product use, acceptability, reinforcement, and nicotine dependence symptoms when switching from combustible cigarettes (CCs) to nicotine and placebo SRECs.

Method: In total, 169 adults (82 women) who smoke were enrolled in this all-remote randomized double-blind crossover trial. During Weeks 1-2, participants used their usual brand cigarettes (UBCs). During Weeks 3-4 and 5-6, they were instructed to use the tobacco-flavored SREC (either nicotine [SREC-NIC] or placebo [SREC-PLA]) in a counterbalanced order between subjects whenever they had the urge to smoke.

Results: Participants reported smoking fewer CCs during the SREC phases compared to the UBC phase, but this did not differ between the SREC-NIC and SREC-PLA phases. The levels of urine nicotine and its metabolites were similar between the SREC-NIC and UBC phases but lower during the SRE-PLA phase. The SREC products were perceived as being less risky and were associated with a reduction in cigarette dependence and the reinforcing value of CCs. Daily measures of symptoms indicated that the SREC-PLA led to greater withdrawal and craving than the UBCs. None of these findings differed by gender.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that both adult men and women who smoke show similar responses to the National Institute on Drug Abuse SRECs in terms of product switching behavior and human abuse potential. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This research evaluates how two methodological factors (delivery modality and incentives) influence the efficacy of a brief computer-delivered personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention for heavy-drinking college students. Empirical studies have not yet identified whether computer-delivered interventions are more effective when administered in the lab versus remotely within the same design. Additionally, intervention trials typically provide participants with some kind of incentive (e.g., monetary compensation). We expected PNF to result in reduced alcohol consumption and consequences compared to the control (Hypothesis 1) and that this would be stronger among in-lab participants compared to remote (Hypothesis 2a) and among those receiving no incentive compared to those who received an incentive (Hypothesis 2b). We also explored differences by sex.

Method: Heavy-drinking college students (N = 498; 57% female; M_age = 21.7; 47% Caucasian; 33% Latinx) participated in a 2 (intervention: PNF vs. attention control) × 2 (delivery: in-lab vs. remote) × 2 (compensation: $0 vs. $30) design with 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments occurring remotely. Primary outcomes included alcohol consumption (average weekly drinks, past-month drinks, and past-month peak drinks) and related consequences (Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire and Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index).

Results: Results from multilevel negative binomial models supported the efficacy of PNF for monthly drinking and one index of consequences (Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire). PNF was more effective for reducing consumption when completed in-lab, but only for male participants. PNF was more effective when participants were not paid, but only for one of five outcomes (past-month drinks).

Conclusions: Future applications of interventions for college students should carefully weigh the advantages of remote implementation over the possible loss in efficacy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Alcohol impairs judgment, often increasing risk-taking behaviors such as reckless driving and gambling, which can result in severe consequences. However, laboratory studies have inconsistently observed alcohol-induced risk taking, raising questions about the specific contexts in which these effects emerge. This study investigated alcohol's impact on decision making within a reward uncertainty framework.

Method: Participants were given a moderate dose of alcoholic (N = 40), placebo (N = 40), or a nonalcoholic drink (N = 42) before completing a validated Reward Uncertainty Task in which they chose between certain and uncertain monetary rewards.

Results: Nonintoxicated participants demonstrated an expected aversion to uncertainty, favoring certain rewards even when objectively less advantageous. Alcohol appeared to reduce this reward uncertainty aversion. No placebo effects were observed, indicating a pharmacological rather than expectancy effect. We also explored the neural mechanisms underlying these behaviors using the P3 event-related potential. Alcohol significantly attenuated the P3 response to choice presentations, reflecting disrupted cognitive processing, potentially facilitating riskier choices.

Conclusions: These findings complement previous research that showed alcohol dampens responses to uncertain aversive stressors, with a novel extension from aversive to appetitive domains. Future research should explore nuances in these effects to help aid targeted interventions for mitigating alcohol's negative impact on decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Alcohol use is associated with suicidal thoughts, urges, and behavior. However, prior research has been mostly cross-sectional, limiting understanding of how these variables influence one another across short time periods. The present study used ecological momentary assessment methods to establish the temporal ordering of alcohol- and suicide-related phenomena, specifically exploring the momentary dynamic between these variables.

Method: A diverse sample of college students (N = 527, 50.5% Asian, 72.0% cisgender female, M_age = 19.4) completed smartphone ecological momentary assessment up to 6 times daily for 6 to 8 weeks (81,299 total observations; M_Observations = 154 per person), answering questions about current urge to use alcohol and urge to engage in suicidal behavior. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to investigate within-person autoregressive and cross-lagged effects.

Results: Autoregressive effects were found, such that urge to do a behavior at the previous time point (t-1) positively predicted urge to do that same behavior at the current time point (t). Cross-lagged analyses revealed that alcohol urges at the previous time point positively predicted suicide urges at the current time point, and suicide urges at the previous time point positively predicted alcohol urges at the current time point, demonstrating a reciprocal dynamic (i.e., positive feedback loop).

Conclusions: Results provide initial empirical support for a reciprocal dynamic between drinking urges and urge to engage in suicidal behavior among young people and college students that occurs over a short time period, underscoring the potential importance of in the moment intervention strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The present study examined the impact of smartphone breathalyzer feedback on individuals' decisions to drive when they are moderately intoxicated. Although the legal driving limit for blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in the United States is < 0.08%, crash risk begins to increase at moderate BACs ≥ 0.04%.

Method: We conducted a laboratory-based, randomized controlled trial in 20 adult drivers aged 21-39 with a history of binge drinking. Participants were given sex- and weight-based doses of alcohol over 90 min with a target peak BAC of 0.10%. Smartphone breathalyzer measurements were taken every 15 min until the participant's BAC declined to 0.03%. Ten participants received feedback on their BAC readings, while the other 10 were blinded to BAC readings. After each measurement, participants were asked to rate on 10-point scales how much they were intoxicated, able to drive, and willing to drive.

Results: At BACs ≥ 0.04% and < 0.08%, learning about BAC was associated with lower perceived intoxication (-2.0, confidence interval [-3.1, -0.8]), greater perceived ability to drive (2.4, confidence interval [1.0, 3.9]), and greater willingness to drive (3.9, confidence interval [2.5, 5.3]), all ps < .001.

Conclusions: Being aware of their BAC may make drinkers more willing to drive up to the legal BAC limit of 0.08%, despite being in a range associated with increased crash risk. We recommend that breathalyzer apps provide salient feedback about the risks of driving with a BAC in the moderately intoxicated range. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This scoping review was to synthesize the rapidly accelerating literature on Indigenous peoples and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and to identify barriers to implementation and sustainability. The article also addressed outcomes, perspectives, and suggestions for implementing culturally adapted MOUD programs.

Method: We conducted a scoping review of articles indexed in MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, and ERIC (through September 2024). Articles needed to include substantive information on an Indigenous population (in Canada, the United States, New Zealand, or Australia), include content on MOUD, and address the intersection of MOUD and Indigenous populations. Titles/abstracts were screened by two reviewers, followed by a full-text review and data extraction.

Results: Forty articles met inclusion criteria, organized under two primary categories: medication type (n = 18) and nonmedication specific (n = 22). Overall, Indigenous clients have a mixed degree of engagement, retention, and positive outcomes within methadone, buprenorphine, and injectable opioid agonist treatment programs. Promising findings emerged for MOUD programs targeting Indigenous youth and that incorporate comprehensive cultural and health frameworks. Across MOUD types, Indigenous clients had consistently lower rates of treatment access and retention than did non-Indigenous clients.

Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of aligning MOUD programs with Indigenous cultural frameworks and involving Indigenous consultation at all stages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).