Psychology of Addictive Behaviors最新文献

Objective: To examine early school leaving in a longitudinal cohort of all high school students treated for substance use disorder (SUD) and their demographic counterparts in Norway.

Method: From the National Patient and National Population Registries, we extracted (a) all high school students born in 1991-1992 who received SUD treatment during 2009-2010 (N = 648; n_alcohol = 95, n_cannabis = 327, and n_{other drugs} = 226) and (b) their age-and-gender matched counterparts (n = 647). From the National Educational Database, we obtained enrollment and graduation status for these two cohorts throughout the designated school period of 5 years. We estimated the hazards of early school leaving as a function of students' treatment for alcohol, cannabis, and other drug use disorders and other known risk factors.

Results: Nine out of 10 adolescents receiving SUD treatment left high school early (89%) compared with one in four (27%) from the matched cohort; 422 (73.5%) of these left high school during or after the treatment year. Multivariate discrete-time models revealed significant and ordered associations between receiving SUD treatment and early school leaving, HR_alcohol = 3.09 [1.96, 4.89], HR_cannabis = 3.83 [2.64, 5.56], HR_{other drugs} = 5.16 [3.32, 8.03], even after accounting for individual-level (sex, immigrant background, criminal charges, and mental health treatment), family-level (family structure, parental education, and family income), and structural risk factors (municipal size, county employment, and dropout rates).

Conclusion: Adolescents receiving SUD treatment remain especially vulnerable for early school leaving. These findings underscore the importance of improving and coordinating health and educational services for youth in SUD treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Daily cannabis use continues to increase, with over 19 million Americans meeting the past-year criteria for cannabis use disorder. Despite the availability of effective treatments, engagement remains low, as many individuals prefer to self-manage their cannabis use or are not interested in quitting entirely. The rise of the "sober curious" movement and temporary abstinence challenges, combined with widespread digital technology use, presents opportunities for scalable, wellness-oriented digital cannabis reduction interventions. This study characterizes individuals who downloaded a mobile app designed to facilitate a 30-day cannabis break.

Method: This secondary analysis used data from 4,415 self-selected Clear30 app users who completed a baseline assessment prior to their 30-day cannabis break. Measures included demographics, cannabis use behaviors, and motivations for taking a break.

Results: Most participants (83.3%) were aged 18-25, and 86.0% used cannabis 6-7 days per week. Two thirds (70.2%) believed that their cannabis use was at least as beneficial as it was harmful. Most (80.0%) had previously attempted a cannabis break. The top reasons for taking a break included gaining mental clarity (46.7%), improving self-control (30.7%), and reducing dependency (26.2%). Over half (58.9%) aimed to reduce their use after the 30-day break, while 24.4% intended to quit entirely.

Conclusions: This mobile health intervention supporting temporary cannabis abstinence may be especially appealing to young adults with daily cannabis use. While scalable approaches like this offer a promising tool for individuals seeking to reduce or quit cannabis use independently, further research is needed to assess their efficacy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: According to the dual-system theory of addiction, increased gaming craving and diminished inhibitory control constitute the core mechanisms underlying internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, developing effective interventions targeting these mechanisms remains challenging. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of cognitive reappraisal strategies on gaming craving and inhibitory control in adolescents with IGD.

Method: Experiment 1 recruited 60 adolescents with IGD (M_age ± SE = 15.58 ± 0.12, all male and of Asian descent), employing a cue-reactivity paradigm to examine whether cognitive reappraisal reduced gaming craving. Fifty-one of these participants returned for Experiment 2 1 week later, where a context-dependent Go/No-go task was utilized to assess the impact of cognitive reappraisal on inhibitory control.

Results: Experiment 1 revealed that the reappraisal group exhibited significantly lower gaming cravings than the immersion group. Experiment 2 demonstrated that in gaming-cue contexts, the reappraisal group achieved significantly higher No-go accuracy than the immersion group. However, no significant differences emerged between the groups in No-go accuracy under neutral contexts or in Go trial reaction times across conditions.

Conclusions: This study indicates the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal in gaming craving reduction and enhances cue-specific inhibitory control in adolescents with IGD but does not improve general inhibitory capacity or executive function. This research empirically validates the dual-system theory from the perspective of emotion regulation and provides intervention implications for IGD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: School-based health promotion programs can have a positive effect on behavioral and social outcomes among adolescents. Yet, limited classroom time and suboptimal program implementation can reduce the potential impact of these interventions. In the present randomized trial, we tested the effectiveness of a classroom-based substance use prevention program that was adapted for hybrid implementation.

Method: The hybrid adaptation included eight asynchronous e-learning modules that presented didactic content and eight classroom sessions designed to facilitate discussion and practice of refusal, personal self-management, and general social skills. Nineteen high schools were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions. Students (N = 1,235) completed confidential online pretest and posttest surveys to assess the effects of the intervention on tobacco and alcohol use and life skills. The sample was 50.7% female and 35.5% non-White with a mean age of 15.2 years.

Results: Analyses revealed significant program effects on current cigarette smoking, alcohol use, drunkenness, and intentions for future use. There were also program effects for communication, media resistance, anxiety management, and refusal skills.

Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that hybrid approaches can produce robust prevention effects and may help reduce barriers to the widespread adoption and implementation of evidence-based prevention programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Adherence is a persistent challenge that influences the effectiveness of mental health treatments. The present study assessed whether Functional Imagery Training (FIT) enhanced adherence to a 4-week self-guided online alcohol-related attentional bias modification (ABM) program to reduce their drinking.

Method: Participants were 89 young adult drinkers aged 18-25 (68.5% female) seeking to reduce their alcohol consumption. Participants in the intervention condition (n = 45) received brief FIT-based content prior to each of the eight sessions of self-guided alcohol-related ABM training over 4 weeks, while participants in the control condition (n = 44) received breathing exercises. Outcomes relating to adherence (number of completed training trials), alcohol consumption and treatment satisfaction were assessed 35 days post baseline.

Results: All participants reported a significant reduction in their alcohol consumption at follow-up, however, FIT was not superior to breathing exercises in enhancing adherence to ABM training or reducing drinking. A supplementary "per protocol" analysis of participants who commenced the online training found that females in the FIT condition completed significantly more trials than females in the control condition. The sample size did not permit a similar analysis for male participants.

Conclusions: FIT-based content delivered at the commencement of each session was equivalent to breathing control exercises at influencing program adherence. The findings indicate a need for exploring a more intensive instructional protocol, especially in initial sessions. Additionally, future research should address the challenge of recruiting young male problem drinkers to enable better exploration of gender effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Research on long-term outcomes in individuals with alcohol use disorders receiving treatment for controlled drinking is limited. This study investigated 2-year outcomes in adults with alcohol use disorder who received behavioral treatment aimed at controlled drinking.

Method: A randomized controlled trial including 250 participants (52% male) with assessments at baseline and 12, 26, 52, and 104 weeks at three specialized addiction clinics in Stockholm, Sweden, was conducted. Participants received either behavioral self-control training (five sessions) or motivational enhancement therapy (four sessions), both delivered over 12 weeks. Mixed linear regression models analyzed 2-year outcomes.

Results: No differences were detected between behavioral self-control training and motivational enhancement therapy in the primary outcome of mean weekly alcohol consumption or secondary outcomes at the 2-year, that is, the 104-week, follow-up. A total of 44.1% in behavioral self-control training, and 39.3% in motivational enhancement therapy reported less than 10 weekly standard drinks in both women and men, which is defined as low-risk drinking according to Swedish national guidelines.

Conclusions: Clinically meaningful reductions in alcohol consumption were maintained across the sample at 104 weeks, irrespective of treatment condition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Alcohol use offers social benefits for young adults, but also carries risk of significant negative consequences. Better understanding of processes driving alcohol use for those who experience negative consequences can prevent these harms. These at-risk young adults likely have drinking patterns in common and patterns unique to each individual. Evidence for these processes have been limited by methods that fail to capture the complex, heterogeneous, multivariate nature of drinking. We overcome these limitations with idiographic computational models.

Method: We studied a sample of 97 young adults who regularly binge drink and experience negative drinking consequences. Participants completed daily surveys for 120 days. We estimated temporal networks of each person's drinking patterns by searching all possible dynamic relations among self-reported alcohol consumption and various cognitive, motivational, and emotional constructs. This method allowed us to identify common and uncommon drinking processes in a data-driven manner.

Results: We found clear patterns of drinking characteristic of this population (i.e., shared by 60%-100% of the sample) in which young adults drink more per occasion, when they expect positive outcomes and are motivated to get drunk and enhance social experiences, which leads to positive and negative consequences. We also identified subsets of participants with uncommon (i.e., shared by < 51% of the sample) drinking patterns.

Conclusions: Most young adults may continue to drink despite experiencing negative drinking consequences, because it also satisfies their desire for fun and social connection. Additionally, subsets of young adults have relatively uncommon drinking patterns that may reflect risk or resilience factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: We examined whether hangover-related rumination-repeatedly dwelling on negative aspects of yesterday's drinking while hungover the following morning-predicts changes in three dimensions of heavy episodic drinking (HED) over time.

Method: N = 334 emerging adults (aged 19-29) from three Eastern Canadian universities who had recently experienced a hangover completed online self-report questionnaires at baseline (Wave 1) and 30 days later (Wave 2; 71.6% retention). HED was assessed in frequency (number of HED episodes), perceptions (how participants perceived the extent of their heavy drinking), and quantity (greatest number of alcoholic drinks consumed in a single HED episode) over the past 2 weeks.

Results: Levels of HED frequency, perceptions, and quantity declined overall from Waves 1 to 2. Exploratory factor analysis established two factors of hangover-related rumination: intrusiveness (unwanted thoughts about the previous night's drinking) and regret (desire to change future drinking behavior). Structural equation models revealed that intrusiveness at Wave 1 predicted the maintenance of higher frequency and perceptions of HED at Wave 2, even as these HED measures were generally declining; regret at Wave 1 also predicted the maintenance of HED perceptions at Wave 2. Neither Wave 1 hangover rumination factor predicted changes in HED quantity at Wave 2. Models controlled Wave 1 variables, including the relevant HED outcome, overall hangover severity, total number of hangovers, generalized anxiety symptoms, sex, age, and data collection site.

Conclusion: Hangover-related rumination factors are associated with the maintenance of higher HED frequency (intrusiveness factor) and HED perceptions (intrusiveness and regret factors), suggesting risk for problematic alcohol consumption. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Alcohol expectancies are well-studied between-person risk factors for problem drinking. However, no studies have tested mechanisms through which daily deviations in expectancies relate to drinking behavior during acute drinking episodes. This study filled this void, testing a sequential mediation model regarding the roles of social context, subjective responses, and craving in relations between daily deviations in expectancies and drinking behavior.

Method: Participants (N = 131) who reported past-month binge, social, and solitary drinking completed 21 days of morning and afternoon ecological momentary assessments and event-contingent drinking reports. Multilevel models tested whether daytime expectancies predicted social context at drink initiation, which indirectly predicted within-session drinking through deviations in subjective responses and craving. Expectancies/subjective responses were measured across valence/arousal (high arousal positive/reward, low arousal positive/relaxation, high arousal negative/aggression, low arousal negative/impairment).

Results: Increased daytime expectancies predicted experiencing the expected effect while drinking, even when controlling for context and consumption. Increased daytime rewarding expectancies predicted initiating drinking in social contexts, which indirectly predicted heavier within-session drinking via increased rewarding subjective effects and craving. In contrast, daytime relaxation expectancies predicted lesser within-session drinking, above and beyond context, subjective effects, and craving. Finally, increased daytime aggression expectancies predicted aggressive subjective effects, which indirectly predicted heavier within-session drinking via increased craving.

Conclusions: Expectancies regarding later drinking predicted context-specific drinking and subjective effects, consistent with self-fulfilling prophecies of alcohol effects. Future research should consider testing the efficacy of coupling daytime fluctuations in expectancies with adaptive interventions seeking to increase protective strategy utilization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Motivational theories hypothesizing that people drink to relieve negative affect have not been supported using data from people's daily lives. People may experience negative affect when alcohol is unavailable or when use would conflict with people's current goals, but people's thoughts about alcohol use, such as intentions to drink later in the day, are less contextually constrained. Alcohol intentions may serve as affect regulation and lead to decreases in negative or increases in positive affect prior to drinking itself.

Method: This registered report provides an initial test of this hypothesis across two large ecological momentary assessment samples of adolescents and young adults (total n = 1,511). We tested whether daily drinking intentions were associated with levels and within-day changes in negative and positive affect in two large samples of adolescents and young adults and whether drinking history and motives moderated these associations.

Results: We found evidence, replicated across studies, that positive affect was higher and increased more on days when people reported intending to drink more than usual, but negative affect was only very weakly associated with daily drinking intentions. We found no evidence of moderation that replicated across samples.

Conclusions: Results suggest that prior research linking positive affect and alcohol use is at least in part capturing the anticipation of drinking rather than a causal association between affect and drinking behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Theories should consider how anticipation, as well as the contexts in which drinking occurs, shapes people's motives for drinking and their drinking behaviors themselves. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).