Psychology of Addictive Behaviors最新文献

Reports the notice of retraction of "Preventing tobacco and alcohol use among high school students through a hybrid online and in-class intervention: A randomized controlled trial" by Christopher Williams, Kenneth W. Griffin, Sandra M. Sousa and Gilbert J. Botvin (Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2025[Sep], Vol 39[6], 528-540; see record 2025-86677-001). The published paper reported an incorrect registration number for https://clinicaltrials.gov/. When comparing the correct https://clinicaltrials.gov/ trial registration (NCT03219190) and the published article, there were several discrepancies between the protocol as reported in the published paper and the appropriate https://clinicaltrials.gov/ registry, which deviated from accepted standards for the reporting of RCTs. The outcomes reported in the published article were not specified as primary or secondary outcomes of the trial. The Allocation (randomized) sample size (n = 1804) was markedly less than the registered Anticipated sample size of n = 3000. The age range for the population listed in the https://clinicaltrials.gov/ registration (11-14 years old) was younger than the average age of participants in the published paper (mean age = 15.2). (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2025-86677-001.) Objective: School-based health promotion programs can have a positive effect on behavioral and social outcomes among adolescents. Yet, limited classroom time and suboptimal program implementation can reduce the potential impact of these interventions. In the present randomized trial, we tested the effectiveness of a classroom-based substance use prevention program that was adapted for hybrid implementation.

Method: The hybrid adaptation included eight asynchronous e-learning modules that presented didactic content and eight classroom sessions designed to facilitate discussion and practice of refusal, personal self-management, and general social skills. Nineteen high schools were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions. Students (N = 1,235) completed confidential online pretest and posttest surveys to assess the effects of the intervention on tobacco and alcohol use and life skills. The sample was 50.7% female and 35.5% non-White with a mean age of 15.2 years.

Results: Analyses revealed significant program effects on current cigarette smoking, alcohol use, drunkenness, and intentions for future use. There were also program effects for communication, media resistance, anxiety management, and refusal skills.

Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that hybrid approaches can produce robust prevention effects and may help reduce barriers to the widespread adoption and implementation of evidence-based prevention programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Despite the development of multiple gambling-related self-efficacy measures, their validation has often been conducted in convenience or clinical samples, limiting their generalizability to the broader gambling population. This gap is particularly relevant given that most individuals with gambling problems do not seek treatment, highlighting the need for tools that can be applied in both clinical and nonclinical settings. This study aimed to validate the Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire for Gambling (BSCQ-G), a 10-item adaptation of the Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire, for assessing gambling-related self-efficacy.

Method: Data were drawn from a nationwide online survey of 1,429 Spanish adults (aged 18-64 years). Analyses were conducted on a subsample of 921 individuals who reported past-year gambling.

Results: The BSCQ-G demonstrated excellent reliability (α and ω = 0.98), and a unidimensional structure was confirmed via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Measurement invariance was confirmed across age, sex, and gambling modality, indicating its applicability across diverse populations of gamblers. Importantly, its invariance across problem gambling severity levels measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (nonproblem: Problem Gambling Severity Index scores of 0-4 vs. problem gambling: Problem Gambling Severity Index scores of 5-27) reinforces its potential application in identifying and monitoring self-efficacy in individuals at varying levels of gambling risk. BSCQ-G scores ≥ 80% exhibited a sensitivity of 93.5% and specificity of 51.6% for identifying individuals with nonproblem gambling. Concurrent validity was supported through negative correlations with gambling frequency, expenditure, and problem gambling severity.

Conclusions: The BSCQ-G is a brief, psychometrically robust tool for assessing self-efficacy in high-risk situations, offering utility in both research and clinical contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Drawing on the dynamic model of relapse, this study examined real-time relationships between momentary gambling motives (enhancement, coping, social, financial) and gambling behavior (episodes, expenditure, duration), as well as the moderating role of stable (problem gambling severity, high-risk situations) and momentary (psychological distress, emotion dysregulation, distress intolerance, state impulsivity) vulnerability factors, and the concordance between stable (Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial) and momentary measures of gambling motives.

Method: A convenience sample of 132 Australian adults who endorsed gambling in a typical month (M_age = 29.9 years; 58.3% male; 94.7% endorsed gambling problems) completed a 28-day ecological momentary assessment protocol, involving twice-daily smartphone assessments of momentary variables and gambling episodes, following a preecological momentary assessment survey of stable variables.

Results: Mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression analyses revealed that momentary coping (OR = 2.03), enhancement (OR = 1.73), and social motives (OR = 1.57) predicted increased gambling expenditure. Mixed-effects binary logistic regression analyses revealed that longer gambling duration predicted increased momentary financial motives (OR = 3.31), though financial motives did not predict gambling behavior. Individuals with distress intolerance were more likely to report a subsequent gambling episode when coping or enhancement motives were endorsed. No other factors showed significant moderating effects. Stable and momentary motives were strongly correlated (r_s = 0.71-0.89), supporting the validity of single-item ecological momentary assessment measures relative to both the corresponding Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial item and subscale.

Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of momentary motives, particularly coping and enhancement, and emotional vulnerability in understanding gambling behavior in real time. Interventions targeting these dynamic processes and integrating distress tolerance training may enhance harm reduction efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: A defining characteristic of alcohol use disorders is the loss of control over drinking. Although this loss is associated with reduced self-control, the relationship is supported by limited research conducted in real-world contexts, and existing studies have certain limitations and produce inconsistent findings. Given these gaps, our study investigated whether perceived demands on self-control could predict a subsequent loss of control over drinking (i.e., drinking more than planned) in the daily lives of young adults. Additionally, we examined whether peer exposure and negative urgency act as moderators in this relationship, and explored other aspects of trait impulsivity as moderators.

Method: We observed 496 participants (45% female, 54% White, non-Hispanic, ages 18-22; M_age = 20.3) from Thursday to Sunday across 8 weeks. Participants completed five daily surveys assessing perceived self-control demands over moods and thoughts, peer exposure, and mood. Planned and actual drinking amounts were recorded at the second survey and the next morning, respectively. Loss of control over drinking was defined as the deviation between actual and planned consumption. Baseline measurements included trait impulsivity (urgency, premeditation, and perseverance). We used a mixed-effects linear model to analyze how self-control demands impacted loss of control over drinking across individuals.

Results: Within individuals, predrinking perceived self-control demands did not predict the degree of deviation from planned alcohol consumption. Additionally, neither peer exposure nor negative urgency moderated this relationship.

Conclusions: Utilizing a substantial sample size and rigorous methodology, this study demonstrates that predrinking self-control demands over moods and thoughts do not predict drinking more than intended. Moreover, neither peer exposure nor negative urgency moderate this relationship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: An important antecedent of substance use among young adults is intentions for use (e.g., planned vs. unplanned use). In contrast to previous theories, emerging evidence suggests planned use, rather than unplanned use, is primarily related to consumption and sometimes consequences. As this has been most recently investigated with alcohol-only use, there remains a limited understanding of planned versus unplanned cannabis use, as well as how cannabis consumption influences planned versus unplanned alcohol events.

Method: Using data from a 28-day ecological momentary assessment study in young adults (n = 110) that frequently use alcohol and cannabis, we examined how planned versus unplanned alcohol and cannabis use influence consumption levels and consequences while controlling for the impact of each substance on the other.

Results: Alcohol models revealed that planned alcohol use was linked to greater alcohol consumption at the day level and higher likelihood of experiencing positive alcohol consequences at the person level. The use of cannabis on a drinking day was also positively associated with experiencing a positive alcohol consequence. There were no day-level associations between planned alcohol use and negative alcohol consequences. Cannabis models revealed planned use was associated with higher likelihood of experiencing a negative cannabis consequence at the day level but was not associated with cannabis consumption or positive consequences.

Conclusions: This study highlighted differences in planned alcohol and cannabis use in predicting consumption and related consequences in young adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Extant survey measures of subjective response to alcohol, an important risk factor for alcohol problems, query the number of drinks to experience alcohol effects but do not consider how intensely individuals experience them. We tested whether new measures of the intensity of alcohol effects, alongside the "number of drinks," contributed uniquely or interactively in predicting alcohol problems. We examined associations among these subjective response variables with racial identity and sex assigned at birth.

Method: Participants (N = 246; 18-50 years; 44.3% Black; 55.7% White; 58.4% assigned female; 41.6% assigned male) were oversampled for alcohol-related risk and completed an online survey. Participants reported the number of drinks to experience alcohol effects (Fleming et al., 2016), the intensity of these alcohol effects, alcohol-related problems, and covariates (heavy drinking frequency, tolerance, demographics).

Results: According to confirmatory factor analyses, two factors underlay the number of drinks items ("stimulation number of drinks," "sedation number of drinks") and the same for alcohol effect intensity items ("stimulation intensity," "sedation intensity"). Stimulation intensity and sedation number of drinks were significantly associated with, and interacted to predict, alcohol problems; individuals reporting both greater stimulation intensity and needing more drinks to experience sedation showed the greatest risk. Black relative to White individuals reported greater intensity of, and needing more drinks to feel, stimulation. Male relative to female individuals reported needing more drinks to feel sedation.

Conclusions: Participants' self-reports of the intensity of alcohol effects may capture an important aspect of subjective response that could improve existing survey-based measures of this important alcohol-related risk factor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Alcohol advertising can induce craving and increase the consumption of alcohol, though individuals vary in their susceptibility. Recent findings suggest that attentional allocation toward alcohol adverts predicts subsequent alcohol craving and consumption. However, methodological limitations leave key issues unresolved, including whether attention to alcohol adverts causally impacts craving and consumption. This study tested the hypothesis that attentional allocation to alcohol adverts increases their impact on alcohol consumption via craving using an attentional manipulation approach.

Method: Seventy-one undergraduate students, who reported enjoying drinking beer, were exposed to beer and soft drink adverts in a dual advert viewing task designed to manipulate attentional allocation toward or away from beer adverts. Following advert viewing, relative craving for beer versus soft drinks and preferential beer consumption were assessed. A mediation model examined whether this attentional manipulation influenced consumption via craving.

Results: The attentional manipulation was successful, with participants in the "attend beer adverts" condition displaying a disproportionate attentional allocation toward beer adverts and those in the "avoid beer adverts" condition showing a disproportionate attentional allocation away from beer adverts. Mediation analysis, employing bootstrapped confidence intervals, confirmed that the attentional manipulation influenced beer consumption following advert viewing via its effect on beer craving.

Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that attentional allocation toward alcohol adverts causally influences alcohol consumption following advert exposure, mediated by its impact on alcohol craving. We discuss the implications of these findings for targeted interventions to mitigate the potentially harmful effects of alcohol advertising. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Many young adults use alcohol and cannabis to regulate sleep. Given the high prevalence of simultaneous alcohol-cannabis use in this population, there is a need to clarify the association between simultaneous use and sleep. This study examined daily relationships between simultaneous use (vs. cannabis-only, alcohol-only, and no use) and key sleep indices (i.e., subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and bedtime), exploring the moderating role of substance use problem severity.

Method: Young adults (N = 150; 64% female; M_age = 22.09) completed daily morning surveys in a smartphone app assessing prior-day alcohol and cannabis use, as well as sleep indices for the previous night. Participants also completed measures of alcohol and cannabis problem severity at baseline.

Results: Compared with simultaneous use days, participants reported worse sleep quality and shorter sleep duration on alcohol-only days, earlier bedtime on cannabis-only days, and poorer sleep quality and earlier bedtime on no use days. Further, individuals with greater alcohol problem severity reported shorter sleep durations on alcohol-only and cannabis-only days than simultaneous use days, as well as later bedtimes on alcohol-only versus simultaneous use days. By contrast, those with lower alcohol problem severity reported earlier bedtimes on no use days and alcohol-only days compared with simultaneous use days. Cannabis problem severity did not moderate any day-level associations, and sleep outcomes were not significantly associated with the likelihood of engaging in next-day simultaneous use.

Conclusions: Findings illuminate the daily-level relationships between simultaneous alcohol-cannabis use and sleep. Future research should explore tailoring sleep interventions based on simultaneous use behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Despite a robust literature on the relationship between protective behavioral strategies, also known as harm reduction strategies (HRS), and alcohol-specific harm reduction (Cox et al., 2024; Peterson et al., 2021), limited formative research has been conducted in the last decade to update the types of HRS currently being implemented. This study utilized qualitative data from open-ended questionnaires to identify HRS recommended by college students who drink heavily.

Method: Qualitative data were collected from 179 heavy-drinking college students (61% women, 49% White). Students responded in writing to a computer-delivered, open-ended prompt soliciting suggestions for preventing alcohol-related consequences related to drinking. Coders independently coded the written responses, resolving discrepancies via consensus, and then used thematic analysis to identify key themes in the data.

Results: Essays ranged from 37 to 700 words (M = 261.96, SD = 130.84), revealing 28 distinct HRS. While many strategies aligned with items on commonly used protective behavioral measures, new strategies were also revealed (e.g., social accountability and bodily awareness). Findings revealed that HRS can be organized according to when they might occur: before, during, and/or after a drinking event. Additionally, some HRS required social support, while others could be implemented independently.

Conclusions: The results suggest a novel framework for understanding HRS adopted by heavy-drinking college students. The temporal and social dimensions of the HRS described in this study differ from the many assessments that typically concentrate on the strategies a drinker can use during drinking events. Prevention efforts could benefit from expanding the pool of potential HRS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Increasing rates of marijuana use, especially in college students, can lead to unwanted use consequences that vary in severity. Marijuana protective behavioral strategies (MPBS) are harm reduction-based behaviors for minimizing use and undesirable use outcomes. While the use of MPBS is negatively associated with marijuana use metrics and related consequences, the relationship is complex, as use metrics, use outcomes, and MPBS seem to vary among individuals living within different cultural contexts. The present study sought to compare how participants living in different countries conceptualize and describe their use of MPBS.

Method: We used structural topic modeling to analyze a collection of write-in responses from participants in the United States and Argentina describing self-generated MPBS.

Results: Our results indicate that there is thematic overlap in the models related to self-efficacy, but that this theme was more generalized in the American model. We also observed topics that were unique to each model. In the Argentinian data set, strategies for enhancing one's use context emerged as a distinct topic (i.e., planned use), whereas topics centering on methods of distracting oneself and prioritizing other tasks were specific to the American model (i.e., distraction and prioritization).

Conclusions: These observations suggest culturally specific refinements are warranted for existing MPBS measurements and could be useful for developing more robust harm reduction interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).