Educational Psychology Review最新文献

Promoting children’s and adolescents’ mental, physical, and social wellbeing is highly important to help them learn, create social connections, and stay healthy. Nature has the potential to restore cognition, reduce stress and mental fatigue, and improve wellbeing, all factors that are conducive to learning. There is growing interest in understanding the effects of nature on the wellbeing of children and adolescents, particularly in the school context. This paper presents a PRISMA-guided systematic review of the literature examining the effects of school-led nature interventions on the mental, physical, and social wellbeing of school children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years. Examples of school-led nature interventions include outdoor learning, walks in nature and green schoolyards. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies employing quantitative measures were selected, yielding 19 studies from 17 papers. Included studies were rated as being of high (n = 6) and moderate quality (n = 13). The results provide some evidence that nature exposure in the school context can improve the wellbeing of children and adolescents, particularly their positive affect, physical activity, and social relationships/interactions. The wellbeing effects of school-led nature interventions were also examined according to age and gender, with results indicating a gender effect, but inconclusive findings for age. Findings from this review support the integration of nature in schools to enhance the mental, physical and social wellbeing of children and adolescents.

Systematic reviews are a time-consuming yet effective approach to understanding research trends. While researchers have investigated how to speed up the process of screening studies for potential inclusion, few have focused on to what extent we can use algorithms to extract data instead of human coders. In this study, we explore to what extent analyses and algorithms can produce results similar to human data extraction during a scoping review—a type of systematic review aimed at understanding the nature of the field rather than the efficacy of an intervention—in the context of a never before analyzed sample of studies that were intended for a scoping review. Specifically, we tested five approaches: bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) with bag of words, k-means clustering with TF-IDF, Sentence-BERT, or SPECTER, hierarchical clustering with Sentence-BERT, and BERTopic. Our results showed that topic modeling approaches (LDA/BERTopic) and k-means clustering identified specific, but often narrow research areas, leaving a substantial portion of the sample unclassified or in unclear topics. Meanwhile, bibliometric analysis and hierarchical clustering with SBERT were more informative for our purposes, identifying key author networks and categorizing studies into distinct themes as well as reflecting the relationships between themes, respectively. Overall, we highlight the capabilities and limitations of each method and discuss how these techniques can complement traditional human data extraction methods. We conclude that the analyses tested here likely cannot fully replace human data extraction in scoping reviews but serve as valuable supplements.

Achievement goals have been key concepts for describing what motivates individuals in educational contexts. While achievement goals have often merely been conceptualized in terms of aspired end-states (aims of goal striving), contemporary research has proposed a more holistic perspective synthesizing these aims alongside autonomous versus controlled reasons derived from Self-Determination Theory into so-called achievement goal complexes. How these aims and reasons align is a matter of further discussion. An overview of empirical studies on goal complexes as well as associations between achievement goals and overarching goal systems reveals that aims differ in whether they show strong communality (static goal regulation) or rather high situational fluctuation regarding underlying reasons (dynamic goal regulation). Particularly, mastery aims show primarily strong bounds with autonomous reasons, whereas performance aims are more ambiguously aligned with underlying reasons. This has implications for the development of an overarching theory as well as for educational practice aiming to foster certain goals and goal complexes. Potential avenues for future research such as further investigations into goal valence, a broader set of aims, the impact of culture, and goal development are discussed.

This meta-analytical review aims to investigate the overall effect of comprehensive interventions on teacher well-being and the factors that moderate the effect by synthesizing empirical evidence. A total number of 176 effect sizes from 44 studies were included in this study. The results reported the mean effect size of intervention on teacher well-being was significant (g = 0.35). The study quality (F = 5.38, p < .01), intervention type (F = 3.03, p < .05), and intervention duration (F = 2.80, p < .05) were identified as the statistically significant moderators for the overall effect. The further multiple moderator model reported a significant outcome (F = 2.91, p < .01). This study is the first attempt to synthesize the impact of the intervention on teacher well-being using a three-level model. Conceptual, methodological, and practical implications were provided and particular guidelines for professionals and education policy makers to better promote teacher wellness were also presented. 

Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) have a long history in clinical and educational disciplines. One underdeveloped area in advancing SCED design and analysis is understanding the process of how internal validity threats and operational concerns are avoided or mitigated. Two strategies to ameliorate such issues in SCED involve replication and randomization. Although replication and randomization are indispensable tools in improving the internal validity of SCEDs, little attention has been paid to (a) why this is the case; or (b) the ways in which these design features are not immune from internal validity threats and operational concerns. In the current paper, we describe the use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to better understand, discover, and mitigate internal validity threats and operational concerns in SCEDs. DAGs are a tool for visualizing causal relations among variables and can help researchers identify both causal and noncausal relations among their variables according to specific algorithms. We introduce the use of DAGs in SCEDs to prompt applied researchers to conceptualize internal validity threats and operational concerns, even when an SCED includes replication and randomization in the design structure. We discuss the general principles of causal inference in conventional “group” designs and in SCEDs, the unique factors impacting SCEDs, and how DAGs can be incorporated into SCEDs. We also discuss the limitations of DAGs applied to SCEDs, as well as future directions for this area of work.

Childhood and adolescence are pivotal developmental stages for psychological health. An understanding of psychological mechanisms related to well-being is important for promoting positive life outcomes for youth. Research generally shows that the basic psychological need for autonomy is significantly associated with well-being. To examine the magnitude and sources of variation in this relationship, we conducted a meta-analysis of 90 reports to analyze the average effect of autonomy need satisfaction (ANS) and frustration (ANF) on indicators of psychological well- and ill-being for K-12 (Kindergarten to 12th grade) youth. Results indicated that ANS was positively associated with psychological well-being and negatively associated with psychological ill-being among youth. Further, ANF was negatively associated with psychological well-being and positively associated with psychological ill-being. Moderator analyses indicated that the association between ANS and well-being was stronger for studies conducted with children and adolescents in East Asian countries compared to studies conducted in the USA, Canada, or Northern Europe when controlling for publication status and measurement reliability. Results also showed that the average correlation between ANS and well-being was stronger for studies located in more collectivistic countries compared to individualistic countries when controlling for publication status and measurement reliability. The relationship between ANS and ill-being was stronger for studies conducted in the USA and Canada compared to East Asian and European contexts. Together, results suggest that autonomy satisfaction is related to the well- and ill-being of youth across cultural contexts, but that there is cultural variation in the association between experiences of autonomy and well-being.

Unproctored and teacher-proctored exams have been widely used to prevent cheating at many universities worldwide. However, no empirical studies have directly compared their effectiveness in promoting academic integrity in actual exams. To address this significant gap, in four preregistered field studies, we examined the effectiveness of unproctored and teacher-proctored exam formats in deterring cheating behavior among university students and the role of academic integrity reminders. All four studies used a double-blind, randomized, controlled design. Before taking an exam, students were randomly assigned to take either an unproctored condition or a teacher-proctored exam, with or without receiving an academic integrity reminder. We found that the unproctored exam format is significantly more effective in reducing cheating than the teacher-proctored exam format and adding academic integrity reminders before the exams significantly reduces cheating. These findings demonstrate that incorporating unproctored exams and pre-exam academic integrity reminders into a university’s assessment practices may be a useful strategy for reducing academic dishonesty and upholding assessment validity.

Writing and mathematics are essential in academic achievement. In the present study, we investigated whether writing skills and mathematics skills are related and if so, whether their relation is moderated by participants’ grade level (a proxy for developmental phase), subskills of mathematics and writing skills, and assessment characteristics (normed and standardized nature of mathematics and writing tasks, and reliability of mathematics and writing measures), using a meta-analysis. A total of 211 studies (k = 564, N = 1,207,983) met inclusion criteria. Overall, mathematics and writing were moderately related (r = .48). The overall magnitude of their relation differed as a function of grade level such that the relation was stronger for students in primary grade levels compared to those in university and above. When explored by higher order and lower order writing and mathematics skills and grade levels, lower order writing and mathematics (.59) and higher order writing and mathematics (.48) had substantial relations in primary grades, whereas higher order writing and mathematics were weakly related in adulthood (.25). The relation also differed by the reliability of mathematics tasks such that the magnitude was stronger for mathematics tasks with higher reliability. For writing, the relation was stronger for writing tasks that were normed and standardized compared to those that were not. These results confirm not only a mathematics–writing relation but also factors that influence this relation. Future work is warranted to investigate mechanisms of the relation and potential practical implications.

Over the last decades, a multitude of results in educational and psychological research have shown that the implementation of multiple external representations (MERs) in educational contexts represents a valuable tool for fostering learning and problem-solving skills. The context of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has received great attention because it necessitates using various symbolic (e.g., text and formula) and graphical representations (e.g., pictures and graphs) to convey subject content. Research has mainly explored effects of combining two representations, but the potential benefits of integrating more than two representations on students’ learning remain underexplored. This gap limits our understanding of promising educational practices and restricts the development of effective teaching strategies catering to students’ cognitive needs. To close this gap, we conducted a systematic review of 46 studies and a meta-analysis that included 132 effect sizes to evaluate the effectiveness of using more than two representations in STEM education and to identify moderating factors influencing learning and problem-solving. A network diagram analysis revealed that the advantages of learning and problem-solving with MERs are also applicable to more than two representations. A subsequent meta-analysis revealed that the learning with more than two representations in STEM can have advantageous effects on students cognitive load (({text{Hedges}}{^prime}g =0.324,~p<.001,~95%~text{CI}~[0.164, 0.484])) and performance (({text{Hedges}}{^prime}g =0.118,~p<.001,~95%~text{CI}~[0.050, 0.185])) compared to learning with two representations without notable differences in learning time. The analysis of moderating factors revealed that benefits of learning with more than two representations primarily depend on the provision of appropriate support.

Research on classroom motivational climates and microclimates—students’ shared and idiosyncratic perceptions of motivational classroom features—demonstrates their importance for fostering adaptive motivational and achievement-related outcomes. However, a lack of coherent theoretical guidance about the nature of students’ classroom climate perceptions has yielded numerous conceptualizations and measurement approaches for these processes. Further, although existing theories and conceptualizations vary in the specific motivational climate features they propose, considerable conceptual overlap exists among them. Working toward conceptual clarity, theoretical integration, and guidance for measurement, we performed a systematic review to identify prominent measurement trends in motivational climate research. Results revealed teacher autonomy support and classroom goal structures as the most frequently measured classroom climate qualities. We observed a wide variety of validity evidence for the measures; in particular, a low incidence of studies assessed the factor structure and considered the multilevel nature of climate data, with most treating climate perceptions as student-level phenomena. In addition to providing a much-needed guide of existing measurement practices, this systematic review lays a foundation for the continued theoretical advancement of motivational climate. We call for more rigorous reporting of validity evidence, rationales for measure selection, and the underlying assumptions guiding measure selection when conducting classroom climate research, as well as focused development of instruments targeting less-frequently measured climate constructs.