ABSTRACT This paper examines the effectiveness of migration policies in dealing with the challenges that Nepalese migrants faced during this pandemic from a disaster justice perspective. Like in other periods of natural or human-made crises, the Nepal Government brought new policies and programmes to help the victims in their reintegration. In this context, this paper examines what policies and programmes worked and what did not work based on the findings of a large survey conducted among migrants and qualitative information collected during the implementation of a programme on reintegration. The paper highlights that understanding the social vulnerability of migrants is critical to devising policies that could benefit them in such disasters. It demonstrates that socially vulnerable groups are not only disproportionately affected by disasters and are less capable of resilience and recovery; they are also not supported well by public institutions like the government. This situation makes such migrants further vulnerable to poverty, physical exploitation and psychological stresses, which calls for policies and programmes that support them in preparedness and, in the event of a disaster, long-term recovery until they become resilient. This study shows that local governments are in a better position to target the ‘socially vulnerable’ and to implement reintegration programmes.
{"title":"Foreign labour migration in Nepal in relation to COVID-19: analysis of migrants’ aspirations, policy response and policy gaps from disaster justice perspective","authors":"Jagannath Adhikari, Mahendra Kumar Rai, Mahendra Subedi, Chiranjivi Baral","doi":"10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268983","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the effectiveness of migration policies in dealing with the challenges that Nepalese migrants faced during this pandemic from a disaster justice perspective. Like in other periods of natural or human-made crises, the Nepal Government brought new policies and programmes to help the victims in their reintegration. In this context, this paper examines what policies and programmes worked and what did not work based on the findings of a large survey conducted among migrants and qualitative information collected during the implementation of a programme on reintegration. The paper highlights that understanding the social vulnerability of migrants is critical to devising policies that could benefit them in such disasters. It demonstrates that socially vulnerable groups are not only disproportionately affected by disasters and are less capable of resilience and recovery; they are also not supported well by public institutions like the government. This situation makes such migrants further vulnerable to poverty, physical exploitation and psychological stresses, which calls for policies and programmes that support them in preparedness and, in the event of a disaster, long-term recovery until they become resilient. This study shows that local governments are in a better position to target the ‘socially vulnerable’ and to implement reintegration programmes.","PeriodicalId":48371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","volume":"29 7","pages":"5219 - 5237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268963
S. Irudaya Rajan, J. Arcand
ABSTRACT Academic interest for the scholarship on return migration has received new vigour owing in part to the massive return migration waves observed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This special issue consolidates studies conducted in the aftermath of COVID-19 that study return migration experiences from South and Southeast Asia. These studies harness primary as well as secondary data in order to document what happened to migrants as a result of lockdowns and related measures of immobility, the flow of migrants when borders reopened, and the condition since return to their countries of origin. Despite the fact that we draw from the context of the pandemic-induced return migration phenomena, the insights generated by our special issue are important for the scholarship of return migration at large.
{"title":"COVID-19 return migration phenomena: experiences from South and Southeast Asia","authors":"S. Irudaya Rajan, J. Arcand","doi":"10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268963","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Academic interest for the scholarship on return migration has received new vigour owing in part to the massive return migration waves observed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This special issue consolidates studies conducted in the aftermath of COVID-19 that study return migration experiences from South and Southeast Asia. These studies harness primary as well as secondary data in order to document what happened to migrants as a result of lockdowns and related measures of immobility, the flow of migrants when borders reopened, and the condition since return to their countries of origin. Despite the fact that we draw from the context of the pandemic-induced return migration phenomena, the insights generated by our special issue are important for the scholarship of return migration at large.","PeriodicalId":48371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","volume":"228 ","pages":"5133 - 5152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268994
Donika Limani, J. Arcand
ABSTRACT We construct a panel of 242 households from five consecutive Kerala Migration Surveys that span 20 years at five-year intervals to study the fundamental determinants of the decision to migrate abroad as well as the decision to remit. Accounting for time-invariant unobservables and allowing migration and remittance behavior to depend upon previous choices clarifies our understanding of both decisions. Migration and remittance behavior display positive serial correlation over a five-year time horizon and the presence of a return migrant in the household increases the likelihood of migration by 13% and remittances by 4%. Migration is 1% more likely in female-headed households, 4% less likely when the household head is employed, increases by 0.4% for each additional year of the household head's age and is 6% more likely in households that are asset-poor. Remittances are between 20% and 70% more likely to obtain when the migrant was married at the time of migration and 3% less likely when the household head is employed, the latter suggesting either an old-age security or a co-insurance motive. Evidence in favor of a very strong inheritance competition motive is found in that each additional male heir increases the likelihood of remittances by between 8% and 31%. Based on our econometric evidence, and in particular our findings pertaining to serial correlation and the presence of a return migrant in the household, it is likely that both migration from and remittances to Kerala will quickly rebound to their pre-pandemic levels.
{"title":"Remembrances of things past: evidence from a twenty-year Kerala panel","authors":"Donika Limani, J. Arcand","doi":"10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268994","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We construct a panel of 242 households from five consecutive Kerala Migration Surveys that span 20 years at five-year intervals to study the fundamental determinants of the decision to migrate abroad as well as the decision to remit. Accounting for time-invariant unobservables and allowing migration and remittance behavior to depend upon previous choices clarifies our understanding of both decisions. Migration and remittance behavior display positive serial correlation over a five-year time horizon and the presence of a return migrant in the household increases the likelihood of migration by 13% and remittances by 4%. Migration is 1% more likely in female-headed households, 4% less likely when the household head is employed, increases by 0.4% for each additional year of the household head's age and is 6% more likely in households that are asset-poor. Remittances are between 20% and 70% more likely to obtain when the migrant was married at the time of migration and 3% less likely when the household head is employed, the latter suggesting either an old-age security or a co-insurance motive. Evidence in favor of a very strong inheritance competition motive is found in that each additional male heir increases the likelihood of remittances by between 8% and 31%. Based on our econometric evidence, and in particular our findings pertaining to serial correlation and the presence of a return migrant in the household, it is likely that both migration from and remittances to Kerala will quickly rebound to their pre-pandemic levels.","PeriodicalId":48371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"5305 - 5321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268992
Jeremaiah M. Opiniano, Alvin Ang
ABSTRACT The paper sought to determine if the varied forms of assistance to returnee overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) during this COVID-19 pandemic prompt them to stay home or return overseas. This mixed methods study combined a logistic regression of a large-scale survey of returnee migrant workers (N = 8,266, done by the International Organization for Migration) and a documentary analysis of efforts by the Philippines to assist returnees. It was found that the Philippine government's migration and non-migration agencies have laid out the red carpet to provide multifarious economic and non-economic forms of assistance to returnee OFWs. However, logistic regression results reveal that in spite of business capital, skills training and income support given to returnees, amount differentials between local and overseas earnings plus pandemic-induced income disruptions propel their desires to repeat their overseas labour migration. The paper methodologically contributes the logical connection between logistic regression results with the running documented efforts of the Philippine government for returnees as part of that Southeast Asian country's overall COVID-19 containment strategy. Meanwhile, as overseas work and remittances provide enduring solutions for returnees and their families to move forward from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Philippine government's instrumentalities may have to reconfigure the country's overall approach to migrant reintegration.
{"title":"Should I stay or should I go? Analysing returnee overseas Filipino workers’ reintegration measures given the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Jeremaiah M. Opiniano, Alvin Ang","doi":"10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268992","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper sought to determine if the varied forms of assistance to returnee overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) during this COVID-19 pandemic prompt them to stay home or return overseas. This mixed methods study combined a logistic regression of a large-scale survey of returnee migrant workers (N = 8,266, done by the International Organization for Migration) and a documentary analysis of efforts by the Philippines to assist returnees. It was found that the Philippine government's migration and non-migration agencies have laid out the red carpet to provide multifarious economic and non-economic forms of assistance to returnee OFWs. However, logistic regression results reveal that in spite of business capital, skills training and income support given to returnees, amount differentials between local and overseas earnings plus pandemic-induced income disruptions propel their desires to repeat their overseas labour migration. The paper methodologically contributes the logical connection between logistic regression results with the running documented efforts of the Philippine government for returnees as part of that Southeast Asian country's overall COVID-19 containment strategy. Meanwhile, as overseas work and remittances provide enduring solutions for returnees and their families to move forward from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Philippine government's instrumentalities may have to reconfigure the country's overall approach to migrant reintegration.","PeriodicalId":48371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","volume":"163 ","pages":"5281 - 5304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268976
Shujaat Farooq, G. M. Arif
ABSTRACT The present study investigates the adverse impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on overseas migration of Pakistani workers - both outflows and return flows. The key objective is to propose a policy framework for successful reintegration of return migrants in their origin communities. The findings reveal that around 2 million overseas Pakistanis have been affected due to COVID pandemic; 1.6 million could not go abroad and another 0.3 to 0.4 million had to return back only from the Middle East. The reintegration measures by the Government of Pakistan were mainly made on a smaller scale and most of the returnees lack information on governmental support and follow-up mechanisms. Our proposed reintegration policy framework suggests that intending or potential migrants and their families need to be educated about their reintegration or resettlement in home communities when they plan for overseas employment. The prudent use of remittances by directing them to productive investment will not only ensure successful reintegration of returning workers but will also promote entrepreneurship in the country, creating more job opportunities. The support by the government and enabling factors (district-level opportunities) will ensure various aspects of reintegration, including economic self-sufficiency, social stability, and psychosocial well-being of return migrations.
{"title":"The facts of return migration in the wake of COVID-19: a policy framework for reintegration of Pakistani workers","authors":"Shujaat Farooq, G. M. Arif","doi":"10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268976","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study investigates the adverse impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on overseas migration of Pakistani workers - both outflows and return flows. The key objective is to propose a policy framework for successful reintegration of return migrants in their origin communities. The findings reveal that around 2 million overseas Pakistanis have been affected due to COVID pandemic; 1.6 million could not go abroad and another 0.3 to 0.4 million had to return back only from the Middle East. The reintegration measures by the Government of Pakistan were mainly made on a smaller scale and most of the returnees lack information on governmental support and follow-up mechanisms. Our proposed reintegration policy framework suggests that intending or potential migrants and their families need to be educated about their reintegration or resettlement in home communities when they plan for overseas employment. The prudent use of remittances by directing them to productive investment will not only ensure successful reintegration of returning workers but will also promote entrepreneurship in the country, creating more job opportunities. The support by the government and enabling factors (district-level opportunities) will ensure various aspects of reintegration, including economic self-sufficiency, social stability, and psychosocial well-being of return migrations.","PeriodicalId":48371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"5190 - 5218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268987
Md Mizanur Rahman, Sabnam Sarmin Luna, P. Raj
ABSTRACT Several Asian countries that encourage international migration of labour call their emigrants ‘national heroes and heroines’ because of their contributions to foreign currency reserves and subsequent national development. However, the massive involuntary return amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the health risk associated with returning from virus-affected regions, such as the Gulf states, call the development narratives of migrants and migrant remittances into question. This study examines the experiences of Gulf return migrants in Bangladesh, focusing on their arrivals at the airport, their travels home, their receptions at the origin communities, their financial hardship upon return and the shifting development narratives in the origin country. The paper draws on primary data, collected through interviews of Gulf returnees in Bangladesh between 2020 and 2021. This study finds that the image of migrants as ‘national heroes’ is not only challenged during the pandemic but replaced almost overnight by a new one, such as ‘COVID-19 super-spreaders’. This research reports that migrants confront with unpleasant circumstances during their return migration process that render their return to their country of origin disgraceful. The paper stresses developing policy measures to protect involuntary returnees from victimisation and disgraceful circumstances.
{"title":"Disgraceful return: Gulf migration and shifting national narratives amid COVID-19","authors":"Md Mizanur Rahman, Sabnam Sarmin Luna, P. Raj","doi":"10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268987","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Several Asian countries that encourage international migration of labour call their emigrants ‘national heroes and heroines’ because of their contributions to foreign currency reserves and subsequent national development. However, the massive involuntary return amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the health risk associated with returning from virus-affected regions, such as the Gulf states, call the development narratives of migrants and migrant remittances into question. This study examines the experiences of Gulf return migrants in Bangladesh, focusing on their arrivals at the airport, their travels home, their receptions at the origin communities, their financial hardship upon return and the shifting development narratives in the origin country. The paper draws on primary data, collected through interviews of Gulf returnees in Bangladesh between 2020 and 2021. This study finds that the image of migrants as ‘national heroes’ is not only challenged during the pandemic but replaced almost overnight by a new one, such as ‘COVID-19 super-spreaders’. This research reports that migrants confront with unpleasant circumstances during their return migration process that render their return to their country of origin disgraceful. The paper stresses developing policy measures to protect involuntary returnees from victimisation and disgraceful circumstances.","PeriodicalId":48371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","volume":"58 2","pages":"5238 - 5258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268965
Sajid Ghani, Nestor A. Morgandi
ABSTRACT This paper explores the impact of return migration on labour market outcomes, more specifically, wage, consumption and welfare outcomes for workers in South Asia. The unprecedented changes brought about by the pandemic have led to mass upheaval and the return migration of millions of workers over the past two years. This return migration is likely to lead to an expansion of the labour force and employment in South Asia. The impact of this labour force supply shock is evaluated using the GMig2 version of the GTAP model. We find heterogeneous results in terms of labour returns by levels of skill and industry. The sectoral demand composition changes with manufacturing and services gaining demand over agriculture and primary industries.
{"title":"Return migration and labour market outcomes in South Asia: a CGE exploration","authors":"Sajid Ghani, Nestor A. Morgandi","doi":"10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268965","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper explores the impact of return migration on labour market outcomes, more specifically, wage, consumption and welfare outcomes for workers in South Asia. The unprecedented changes brought about by the pandemic have led to mass upheaval and the return migration of millions of workers over the past two years. This return migration is likely to lead to an expansion of the labour force and employment in South Asia. The impact of this labour force supply shock is evaluated using the GMig2 version of the GTAP model. We find heterogeneous results in terms of labour returns by levels of skill and industry. The sectoral demand composition changes with manufacturing and services gaining demand over agriculture and primary industries.","PeriodicalId":48371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"5153 - 5168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268989
Bilesha Weeraratne
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic-related labour market issues and the rapid departure from countries of destination have heightened wage theft issues faced by migrant workers. This article provides scientific evidence on pandemic-induced wage theft experienced by migrant workers with the aim of minimising migrant workers’ exposure to similar cases of injustice in the future. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of data on migrant workers who returned to Sri Lanka during the pandemic provides evidence of the dimensions of wage theft. These dimensions include non-negotiable wage reductions and delays in payment of dues, non-payment of salary dues, non-provision of other dues and benefits, unconsented setting off of benefits, non-transparent calculation of benefits and their setting off against other goods and services provided by employer and holding migrant workers in situations of bonded labour. The findings also highlight that non-payment of due wages is more common among vulnerable migrant workers. The article suggests strategies to remedy wage theft issues faced by migrant workers by changing the behaviour of the migrant workers as well as by changing the behaviour the employers. Moreover, the punitive measures to offending employers need to be combined with remedial financial compensation measures to victimised migrant workers.
{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic induced wage theft: evidence from Sri Lankan migrant workers","authors":"Bilesha Weeraratne","doi":"10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268989","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic-related labour market issues and the rapid departure from countries of destination have heightened wage theft issues faced by migrant workers. This article provides scientific evidence on pandemic-induced wage theft experienced by migrant workers with the aim of minimising migrant workers’ exposure to similar cases of injustice in the future. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of data on migrant workers who returned to Sri Lanka during the pandemic provides evidence of the dimensions of wage theft. These dimensions include non-negotiable wage reductions and delays in payment of dues, non-payment of salary dues, non-provision of other dues and benefits, unconsented setting off of benefits, non-transparent calculation of benefits and their setting off against other goods and services provided by employer and holding migrant workers in situations of bonded labour. The findings also highlight that non-payment of due wages is more common among vulnerable migrant workers. The article suggests strategies to remedy wage theft issues faced by migrant workers by changing the behaviour of the migrant workers as well as by changing the behaviour the employers. Moreover, the punitive measures to offending employers need to be combined with remedial financial compensation measures to victimised migrant workers.","PeriodicalId":48371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","volume":"15 ","pages":"5259 - 5280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268970
S. Irudaya Rajan, Balasubramanyam Pattath, Hossein Tohidimehr
ABSTRACT In this article, we explore how precise information about migrants' working conditions in their destination countries impacts their decision to migrate again upon returning home. Using household data from Kerala and Tamil Nadu from 2020–21, we study return emigrants (REM) who returned during the first COVID-19 lockdowns in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Through a binary choice model, we discover that negative experiences in the destination country significantly influence the decision to re-migrate. Specifically, issues with salary payment and reduced working hours make re-migration less likely. We then apply a two-stage multinomial regression to identify the causes of these negative experiences and how they shape a migrant's future decisions. We conclude that such experiences discourage re-migration and increase the preference to work in the country of origin. Our research offers insights for shaping future migration policies in the region.
{"title":"The last straw? Experiences and future plans of returned migrants in the India-GCC corridor","authors":"S. Irudaya Rajan, Balasubramanyam Pattath, Hossein Tohidimehr","doi":"10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2024.2268970","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we explore how precise information about migrants' working conditions in their destination countries impacts their decision to migrate again upon returning home. Using household data from Kerala and Tamil Nadu from 2020–21, we study return emigrants (REM) who returned during the first COVID-19 lockdowns in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Through a binary choice model, we discover that negative experiences in the destination country significantly influence the decision to re-migrate. Specifically, issues with salary payment and reduced working hours make re-migration less likely. We then apply a two-stage multinomial regression to identify the causes of these negative experiences and how they shape a migrant's future decisions. We conclude that such experiences discourage re-migration and increase the preference to work in the country of origin. Our research offers insights for shaping future migration policies in the region.","PeriodicalId":48371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","volume":"23 6","pages":"5169 - 5189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.1080/1369183x.2023.2282389
A. Pisarevskaya, Ilona van Breugel, Peter Scholten
{"title":"Understanding the diversity of local diversities: an analysis of the (mis)match between policies and diversity configurations in Dutch municipalities","authors":"A. Pisarevskaya, Ilona van Breugel, Peter Scholten","doi":"10.1080/1369183x.2023.2282389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2023.2282389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48371,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","volume":"650 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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