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A very British state capitalism: Variegation, political connections and bailouts during the COVID-19 crisis. 一种非常英国式的国家资本主义:新冠肺炎危机期间的多样化、政治关系和救助。
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X211072545
Geoffrey T Wood, Enrico Onali, Anna Grosman, Zulfiquer Ali Haider

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in governments playing increasingly prominent roles as active economic agents. However, state capitalism does not necessarily serve broad developmental purposes, and rather can be directed to supporting sectional and private interests. As the literature on variegated capitalism alerts us, governments and other actors regularly devise fixes in response to a systemic crisis, but the focus, scale, and scope of the interventions vary considerably, according to the constellation of interests. Rapid progress with vaccines notwithstanding, the UK government's response to COVID-19 has been associated with much controversy, not only because of an extraordinarily high death rate, but also because of allegations of cronyism around the granting of government contracts and bailouts. We focus on the latter, investigating more closely who got bailed out. We find that badly affected sectors (e.g. hospitality, transportation) and larger employers were more likely to get bailouts. However, the latter also favored the politically influential and those who had run up debt profligately. Although, as with state capitalism, crony capitalism is most often associated with emerging markets, we conclude that the two have coalesced into a peculiarly British variety, but one that has some common features with other major liberal markets. This might suggest that the eco-systemic dominance of the latter is coming to an end, or, at the least, that this model is drifting towards one that assumes many of the features commonly associated with developing nations.

COVID-19大流行导致政府作为积极的经济主体发挥着越来越突出的作用。然而,国家资本主义并不一定服务于广泛的发展目标,相反,它可以直接用于支持局部和私人利益。正如有关多元化资本主义的文献提醒我们的那样,政府和其他行为者经常制定应对系统性危机的措施,但干预的重点、规模和范围却因利益的不同而有很大差异。尽管在疫苗方面取得了迅速进展,但英国政府对COVID-19的反应引发了很多争议,不仅是因为死亡率极高,还因为在授予政府合同和救助方面存在任人唯亲的指控。我们专注于后者,更密切地调查谁得到了救助。我们发现,受影响严重的行业(如酒店业、运输业)和规模较大的雇主更有可能获得救助。然而,后者也青睐那些在政治上有影响力的人和那些挥霍债务的人。尽管与国家资本主义一样,裙带资本主义最常与新兴市场联系在一起,但我们得出的结论是,这两者已经融合成一种独特的英国形式,但它与其他主要自由市场有一些共同特征。这可能表明,后者的生态系统主导地位即将结束,或者,至少,这种模式正在向一种假设许多通常与发展中国家相关的特征的模式漂移。
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引用次数: 6
State capitalism as Lazarus meets Loch Ness: Insights from the Asiatic mode of production. 国家资本主义是拉撒路与尼斯湖的交汇:亚洲生产方式的启示。
IF 4.6 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231157747
Heather Whiteside

This paper comments on the unexamined bifurcation of new state capitalism studies into two camps: changes in liberal capitalism and analyses of illiberal state forms. I characterize these aspects as Lazarus meets Loch Ness: Lazarus-like when focused on the ever-reborn market interventions of the liberal capitalist state, and Loch Ness-like in its rediscovery of the resurfaced 'other.'

本文评论了新国家资本主义研究中未经审视的两大阵营:自由资本主义的变化和对非自由主义国家形式的分析。我将这些方面描述为拉撒路与尼斯湖的相遇:在关注自由资本主义国家不断重生的市场干预时,它是拉撒路式的,而在重新发现复活的'他者'时,它又是尼斯湖式的。
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引用次数: 0
Making space for the new state capitalism, part II: Relationality, spatiotemporality and uneven development. 为新国家资本主义留出空间,第二部分:关系性、时空性和不均衡发展。
IF 4.6 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231156913
Ilias Alami, Heather Whiteside, Adam D Dixon, Jamie Peck

The theme issue 'Making Space for the New State Capitalism' brings together insights from critical economic geography and heterodox political economy through a series of papers published in three installments, each accompanied by an introductory essay written by the guest editors. In this, the second of these introductory commentaries, we explore the consequences of embracing relationality, spatiotemporality and uneven development, together with the second group of papers. Introducing a final group of papers, the third installment will address the challenges and opportunities of thinking conjuncturally.

为新国家资本主义留出空间 "主题期刊通过分三期发表的一系列论文,汇集了批判经济地理学和异端政治经济学的见解,每篇论文都附有特邀编辑撰写的介绍性文章。在本文,即第二篇介绍性评论中,我们将与第二组论文一起探讨接受关系性、时空性和不均衡发展的后果。第三篇将介绍最后一组论文,探讨结合性思维的挑战与机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Silicon Savannahs and motorcycle taxis: A Southern perspective on the frontiers of platform urbanism 硅谷稀树草原与摩托出租车:平台城市主义前沿的南方视角
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231170193
L. Cirolia, R. Sitas, A. Pollio, Alexis Gatoni Sebarenzi, P. Guma
The rise of digital platforms in urban Africa has been rightfully critiqued as an example of global techno-capital seeking new frontiers of profit among precarious lives and from fragile infrastructures. However, this techno-pessimistic reading of so-called “platform urbanism” leaves us with a bleak outlook on the future of the African city as a mere site of accumulation and exploitation. In this article, in contrast, we offer a more ambivalent analysis of a compelling trend in several African cities: the platformization of motorcycle taxis. Our focus is on Kigali and Nairobi two cities that have been celebrated as “Silicon Savannahs” for their commitment to digital innovation, and where motorcycle taxis have long contributed to the regular movement of people and goods. Deploying a Southern urban perspective on the digitization of these mobility systems, we make two contributions to platform urbanism debates. First, we show that this phenomenon dovetails two decades of supply-side, developmental investments in the connectivity infrastructure upon which platforms rely and are predicated. Second, we show that platform urbanism is not simply a case of global technologies landing in Africa. It is characterized by a proliferation of experiments in which domestic and international capital coalesce, platforms intersect in dynamic ways with informal economies, and local adaptations are necessary for survival. Overall, we argue that the platformization of motorcycles in these cities (and arguably others) constitutes a dynamic and evolving landscape that requires more careful conceptual and empirical attention.
数字平台在非洲城市的崛起被认为是全球技术资本在不稳定的生活和脆弱的基础设施中寻求新的利润领域的一个例子,这是有道理的。然而,这种对所谓的“平台城市主义”的技术悲观解读,让我们对非洲城市的未来前景感到黯淡,因为它仅仅是一个积累和剥削的场所。相比之下,在本文中,我们对几个非洲城市的一个引人注目的趋势进行了更加矛盾的分析:摩的平台化。我们的重点是基加利和内罗毕,这两个城市因致力于数字创新而被誉为“硅谷稀树草原”,摩托车出租车长期以来一直为人员和货物的正常流动做出贡献。运用南方城市对这些移动系统数字化的看法,我们对平台城市主义的辩论做出了两项贡献。首先,我们表明,这一现象与二十年来对互联互通基础设施的供给侧、发展性投资相吻合,而这些基础设施是平台所依赖和预测的。其次,我们表明,平台城市化不仅仅是全球技术在非洲落地的简单案例。它的特点是大量的实验,在这些实验中,国内和国际资本合并,平台以动态的方式与非正式经济交叉,地方适应是生存所必需的。总的来说,我们认为这些城市(也可能是其他城市)的摩托车平台化构成了一个动态和不断发展的景观,需要更仔细的概念和经验关注。
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引用次数: 1
Embeddedness beyond the lead firm in global production networks: Insights from Kenyan horticulture 在全球生产网络中超越领先公司的嵌入性:来自肯尼亚园艺学的见解
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231170194
Aarti Krishnan
Recent research on embeddedness in global production networks (GPNs) has begun to move beyond the dominant perspective on how lead firms embed into host countries to investigate how non-lead firms embed across multiple scales in a GPN. This paper builds on such work by examining both processes of how, and the extent to which, different Southern suppliers embed into GPNs, detailing the contestation, struggles, and synergies faced. Empirical evidence is provided through a case study of Kenyan horticulture. Using a mixed-method approach of interviews and surveys, the paper finds that Kenyan farmers and Kenyan export firms (KEFs) have varied ways in which they embed, with farmers more embedded (highly dependent on network relationships and participation in a GPN) and KEFs simultaneously less embedded (having a low degree of commitment towards farmers) in GPNs. Overarchingly, the results demonstrate the need to account for the complex ways in which non-lead firm actors like Southern suppliers embed in GPNs.
最近关于全球生产网络(GPNs)嵌入性的研究已经开始超越主导企业如何嵌入东道国的观点,开始研究非主导企业如何跨多个尺度嵌入全球生产网络。本文以这些工作为基础,研究了不同的南方供应商如何以及在多大程度上融入GPNs的两个过程,详细介绍了所面临的竞争、斗争和协同效应。通过对肯尼亚园艺的案例研究提供了经验证据。使用访谈和调查的混合方法,本文发现肯尼亚农民和肯尼亚出口公司(kef)有不同的嵌入方式,农民更嵌入(高度依赖网络关系和参与GPN), kef同时更不嵌入(对农民的承诺程度较低)GPN。总体而言,研究结果表明,需要考虑南方供应商等非主导企业参与者嵌入GPNs的复杂方式。
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引用次数: 1
Alone and lonely. The economic cost of solitude for regions in Europe 孤独和寂寞。欧洲地区孤独的经济成本
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231169286
C. Burlina, A. Rodríguez‐Pose
Solitude is a rising phenomenon in the western world. The share of people affected by solitude has been rising for some time and the Covid-19 pandemic has further brought this trend to the fore. Yet, we know next to nothing about the aggregate subnational economic impact of the rise in solitude. In this paper, we analyse the consequences of solitude on regional economic performance across Europe, distinguishing between two of its key dimensions: alone living, proxied by the regional share of single-person households and loneliness, proxied by the aggregate share of social interactions. We find that solitude has important implications for economic development, but that these go in different directions. While alone living is a substantial driver of economic growth across European regions, high shares of lonely people undermine it. The connection of loneliness with economic growth is, however, dependent on the frequency of in-person meetings, with large shares of the population meeting others socially on a weekly basis, alongside a small percentage of people who never meet others, yielding the best economic returns.
孤独在西方世界是一种正在兴起的现象。一段时间以来,受孤独影响的人群比例一直在上升,新冠肺炎大流行进一步凸显了这一趋势。然而,我们几乎不知道独处的增加对地方经济的总体影响。在本文中,我们分析了孤独对整个欧洲区域经济表现的影响,区分了它的两个关键维度:独居,由单身家庭的区域份额代表;孤独,由社会互动的总份额代表。我们发现,独处对经济发展有重要的影响,但这些影响的方向不同。尽管独自生活是整个欧洲地区经济增长的重要推动力,但孤独人群的高比例却破坏了这一增长。然而,孤独感与经济增长之间的联系取决于面对面会面的频率,大部分人每周都会与他人进行社交会面,而一小部分人从不与他人见面,从而产生最佳的经济回报。
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引用次数: 1
Rethinking Polanyi's double movement through participatory justice: Land use planning in Puerto Rico 通过参与式司法重新思考波兰尼的双重运动:波多黎各的土地使用规划
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231170190
Hannah Stokes-Ramos
Puerto Rico has lost an alarming amount of farmland in the past century, and land distribution is highly unequal in line with broader social patterns. These problems raise the question of alternative models that can enhance socio-ecological justice, and whether the reversal of the historical neglect of agriculture could factor significantly into such alternatives. A significant step toward such a reversal was arguably Puerto Rico's 2015 Plan de Uso de Terrenos (Land Use Plan) (PUT), the first island-level land use plan. I analyze the PUT as a Polanyian double movement to protect agricultural land from circulating as an urban asset, with the novel addition of environmental justice's “trivalent” notion of social justice. I argue that participatory justice, in particular, played a dual role in this “double movement”: first, the process achieved sufficient balance amongst actors to protect significant agricultural area from urban development; and second, the constituency mobilized through the PUT's creation later proved essential to the plan's defence against land marketization efforts. My analysis offers a unique synthesis of environmental justice and heterodox political economy and concludes that deepening dialogue across the two literatures can offer important insights for achieving emancipatory socio-ecological change in land use planning.
波多黎各在过去一个世纪里失去了数量惊人的农田,土地分配极不平等,与更广泛的社会形态相一致。这些问题提出了可以增强社会生态正义的替代模式的问题,以及历史上对农业忽视的逆转是否可以显著地影响这些替代模式。波多黎各2015年的土地利用计划(PUT)可以说是迈向这种逆转的重要一步,这是第一个岛屿层面的土地利用计划。我将PUT分析为波兰的双重运动,以保护农业用地不被作为城市资产流通,并增加了环境正义的“三价”社会正义概念。我认为,参与式司法在这种“双重运动”中发挥了双重作用:首先,这一过程在行动者之间实现了充分的平衡,以保护重要的农业区免受城市发展的影响;其次,通过创建PUT动员起来的选民后来被证明是该计划抵御土地市场化努力的关键。我的分析提供了一种独特的环境正义和非正统政治经济学的综合,并得出结论,深化两种文献之间的对话可以为在土地利用规划中实现解放性的社会生态变化提供重要见解。
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引用次数: 0
The American spirit: The performativity of folk economics in global financial markets 美国精神:民间经济学在全球金融市场中的表现
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231169738
E. Tarim, A. Gozluklu, G. Muradoglu
Inspired by Austin's conceptualisation of utterances as performative, that is, they do things rather than merely represent, research has shown how scientific theories can become performative in financial markets. Research also shows that brokerage and investment work is as much about using everyday knowledge of markets as it is about performing scientific theories. We investigate whether and how this knowledge or what Swedberg calls ‘folk economics’ can also be performative. We focus on Borsa Istanbul, an emerging market where market actors perform what we call ‘the American Spirit’ – a ubiquitous folk theory that frames and plots the Turkish market as one that moves in tandem with American and other developed markets – and in the process become better market forecasters. Our findings have implications for the study of folk economics and performativity in global economy and finance.
受奥斯汀将话语概念化为表现性的启发,也就是说,他们做事情而不仅仅是代表,研究表明科学理论如何在金融市场中成为表现性的。研究还表明,经纪和投资工作既需要运用日常市场知识,也需要运用科学理论。我们调查了这种知识或Swedberg所说的“民间经济学”是否也可以发挥作用,以及如何发挥作用。我们关注的是伊斯坦布尔证券交易所(Borsa Istanbul),这是一个新兴市场,市场参与者表现出我们所说的“美国精神”——这是一种无处不在的民间理论,它将土耳其市场描绘成与美国和其他发达市场齐头并进的市场——并在此过程中成为更好的市场预测者。我们的研究结果对民间经济学和全球经济与金融绩效的研究具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
State, capitalism and infrastructure-led development: A multi-scalar analysis of the Belgrade-Budapest railway construction 国家、资本主义和基础设施主导的发展:贝尔格莱德-布达佩斯铁路建设的多尺度分析
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231156171
Linda Szabó, Csaba Jelinek
The 2008 financial crisis allowed for the rising power of China to expand deeper into more (semi-)peripheral regions: in the past decade, the role of China and Chinese SOEs has increased markedly in Eastern Europe. This has been in step with China's geopolitical and geoeconomic expansion, hallmarked by the Belt and Road Initiative; the reconstruction of the Belgrade-Budapest railway line constitutes one of its flagship projects in Europe. This paper aims to explore the complexities of the current reconfiguration of state-capital nexus through an empirical analysis of this particular development project; in doing so, we hope to contribute to the scholarly debate about the heuristic use of ‘new’ state capitalism in three specific ways. First, instead of conceptualizing the state as a territorially confined power container, we propose to scrutinize the state-capital nexus from a multi-scalar and relational perspective. Second, we claim that the study of funding, financing and governing of large-scale infrastructural investments is a fruitful analytical entry point to theorize the changing relations between ‘state’ and ‘capital’. Finally, we argue that from the perspective of contemporary shifts in global power structures, the emergence of state capitalist modalities in the Eastern peripheries of Europe should be understood as a ‘co-production’ of the geopolitical rivalry and elite capture of domains of infrastructure. In terms of methodology, in order to show how state-capital relations are produced, enacted and redrawn, the study builds on the analysis of media sources, policy documents, company networks, semi-structured interviews, and non-participant observations.
2008年的金融危机使中国崛起的力量得以深入到更多(半)外围地区:在过去十年中,中国和中国国有企业在东欧的作用显著增强。这与中国以“一带一路”倡议为标志的地缘政治和地缘经济扩张是一致的;贝尔格莱德-布达佩斯铁路线的重建是其在欧洲的旗舰项目之一。本文旨在通过对这一特定发展项目的实证分析,探讨当前国资关系重构的复杂性;在这样做的过程中,我们希望以三种具体方式为关于启发式使用“新”国家资本主义的学术辩论做出贡献。首先,我们建议从多尺度和关系的角度审视国家与资本之间的关系,而不是将国家定义为一个受地域限制的权力容器。其次,我们认为对大规模基础设施投资的资金、融资和治理的研究是一个富有成效的分析切入点,可以将“国家”和“资本”之间不断变化的关系理论化。最后,我们认为,从当代全球权力结构转变的角度来看,欧洲东部边缘国家资本主义模式的出现应该被理解为地缘政治竞争和精英占领基础设施领域的“共同产物”。在方法论方面,为了展示国家资本关系是如何产生、制定和重新绘制的,本研究建立在对媒体来源、政策文件、公司网络、半结构化访谈和非参与性观察的分析基础上。
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引用次数: 2
Where is the world in the new state capitalism? 在新的国家资本主义下,世界在哪里?
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231160543
Jennifer Bair
Alami and Dixon instead treat state capitalism not as a well-defined analytical category but rather a "flexible means of problematising...trajectories of state intervention and the role that it plays in the (geo) political re-organisation of global capitalism" ([1]: xx). One way this query might be posed is where in the world the phenomena described under the rubric of state capitalism are most pronounced or perhaps newly apparent;in which countries or in what parts of the world do we see a more muscular or interventionist state? Keywords: State capitalism;hegemonic cycles;macrohistorical sociology EN State capitalism hegemonic cycles macrohistorical sociology 770 773 4 05/16/23 20230501 NES 230501 The term "state capitalism" dates from the late nineteenth century, when it was coined by Marxists seeking to understand the growing role of the state as an owner of capital and orchestrator of production in European countries. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Environment & Planning A is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
相反,阿拉米和迪克森认为国家资本主义不是一个定义明确的分析范畴,而是一种“解决问题的灵活手段……国家干预的轨迹及其在全球资本主义(地缘)政治重组中所扮演的角色”([1]:xx)。提出这个问题的一种方式可能是,在世界上哪个地方,国家资本主义标题下描述的现象最明显,或者可能是最近才出现的;在世界上哪些国家或哪些地区,我们看到一个更强大或更干涉主义的国家?关键词:国家资本主义;霸权周期;宏观历史社会学国家资本主义霸权周期宏观历史社会学“国家资本主义”一词可以追溯到19世纪末,当时马克思主义者试图理解国家作为资本所有者和生产协调者在欧洲国家日益增长的作用,从而创造了这个词。环境与规划A的版权是Sage Publications Inc.的财产,未经版权所有者的明确书面许可,其内容不得复制或通过电子邮件发送到多个网站或发布到listserv。但是,用户可以打印、下载或通过电子邮件发送文章供个人使用。这可以删节。对副本的准确性不作任何保证。用户应参阅原始出版版本的材料的完整。(版权适用于所有人。)
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引用次数: 0
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