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Connecting up embedded knowledge across Northern Powerhouse cities 连接北方动力城市的嵌入式知识
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231159108
Daniel Straulino, F. Froy, T. Schwanen, N. O’Clery
One of the driving rationales behind plans for major transport investment between Northern UK cities is that of connecting labour pools. Integrated labour pools, the argument goes, will give rise to agglomeration economies and subsequent growth. Behind this logic lies the idea that access to complementary skills in neighbouring cities will yield benefits for firms. Yet, at what travel time radius is access to these skills beneficial? Can a better understanding of this inform our assessment of the likely economic impact of proposed transport investments and subsequent reductions in travel times? Here we develop a method to estimate this radius based on the relationship between industry employment growth in a city and the size of employment in ‘skill-related’ sectors. Assuming car or rail travel, we find that for Northern cities the radius is around 45  min while for the South it is around 110  min. Manufacturing peaks around 45  min for the whole UK, including both North and South. Services, however, peak around 110  min in the South but 70  min in the North. A comparison between the UK’s Integrated Rail Plan and earlier proposals to invest in High Speed 2 rail and Northern rail connections uncovers lost opportunities for employment growth in Manchester, Leeds and Sheffield. This study provides a road-map for the deployment of methods from Evolutionary Economic Geography, originally developed to predict regional and urban growth and diversification processes as a function of the local skill mix, to evaluate the potential gains from transport infrastructure schemes.
英国北部城市之间的主要交通投资计划背后的驱动理由之一是连接劳动力资源。这种观点认为,整合的劳动力资源将带来集聚经济和随后的增长。这种逻辑背后的想法是,在邻近城市获得互补的技能将为公司带来好处。然而,在什么样的旅行时间范围内,获得这些技能是有益的?能否更好地理解这一点,为我们评估拟议的交通投资和随后减少的旅行时间可能产生的经济影响提供信息?在这里,我们开发了一种方法来估计这个半径基于一个城市的行业就业增长和“技能相关”部门的就业规模之间的关系。假设汽车或铁路旅行,我们发现北部城市的半径约为45分钟,而南部城市的半径约为110分钟。整个英国(包括北部和南部)的制造业峰值约为45分钟。然而,服务在南方110分钟左右达到高峰,而在北方70分钟。将英国的“综合铁路计划”与早些时候投资高铁和北方铁路连接的提议进行比较,发现曼彻斯特、利兹和谢菲尔德失去了就业增长的机会。本研究为发展经济地理学方法的应用提供了路线图,该方法最初是用来预测区域和城市的增长和多样化过程,作为当地技能组合的函数,以评估交通基础设施计划的潜在收益。
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引用次数: 0
State capitalism, imperialism and China: Bringing history back in 国家资本主义、帝国主义和中国:回归历史
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231159904
Isabella M. Weber
State capitalism is experiencing a revival as a term to capture the current capitalist constellations and departures from neoliberalism. Unlike, neoliberalism, however, the term state capitalism has a long history reaching back to the age of imperialism in the late 19th century. Although state capitalism has been used as a prerogative term by Marxists, liberals, and neoliberals alike, it has served as a programmatic label for developmentalist and neomercantilist projects in reaction to imperialism in the periphery. This paper argues that we need to bring the intellectual history of state capitalism into the ‘new state capitalism’ debate. China has played a major role in the revival of state capitalism in the social sciences, but the long history of China's engagement with state capitalism as a concept and program dating back to the late Qing reformers has been overlooked for the most part. State capitalism is by no means new to China, from Liang Qichao, Sun Yatsen, and Mao Zedong to Deng Xiaoping, the idea that China had to create a modern nation-state and industrial capitalism in the name of economic progress and to get ahead in the global competition is a recurring theme. What is new is that for the first time, the ambition to use state capitalism as a means to catch up with the West is bearing fruits in ways that could undermine the predominance of Western economies.
国家资本主义作为一个术语正在经历复兴,以捕捉当前的资本主义星座和对新自由主义的背离。然而,与新自由主义不同的是,国家资本主义一词有着悠久的历史,可以追溯到19世纪末的帝国主义时代。尽管国家资本主义一直被马克思主义者、自由主义者和新自由主义者当作特权术语使用,但它已经成为发展主义和新重商主义项目的纲领标签,以回应外围的帝国主义。本文认为,我们需要将国家资本主义的思想史纳入“新国家资本主义”的辩论中。中国在国家资本主义在社会科学领域的复兴中发挥了重要作用,但中国与国家资本主义作为一个概念和计划的接触历史可以追溯到清末的改革者,这在很大程度上被忽视了。新鲜的是,用国家资本主义作为追赶西方的手段的野心第一次结出了果实,这可能会削弱西方经济的主导地位。
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引用次数: 2
Wrestling with “the new” state capitalism 与“新”国家资本主义角力
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231159109
J. Peck
This paper introduces an Exchange section dedicated to the question of the new state capitalism. It is suggested that the new state capitalism, both as an ascendant concept and as marker of socioinstitutional facts on the ground, signals a significant geohistorical moment, perhaps not a new “era” as such, but a notable inflection point. This warrants critical attention, even if first-generation treatments of the phenomenon itself may have been somewhat wanting. Contributions follow from Ilias Alami, Jennifer Bair, Isabella Weber, Marion Werner, and Heather Whiteside, each of whom provide a critical take on (debates around) the new state capitalism from their own theoretical perspective and vantage point.
本文介绍了一个专门讨论新国家资本主义问题的交流部分。作者认为,新的国家资本主义,既是一个上升的概念,也是社会制度事实的标志,标志着一个重要的地理历史时刻,也许不是一个新的“时代”,而是一个显著的拐点。这值得关注,即使第一代对这种现象的治疗本身可能有些不足。伊利亚斯·阿拉米、詹妮弗·拜尔、伊莎贝拉·韦伯、马里昂·维尔纳和希瑟·怀特塞德都有自己的贡献,他们每个人都从自己的理论视角和优势位置对新的国家资本主义提供了批判性的看法。
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引用次数: 1
The explanatory power of the landscape perspective on inter-organizational collaboration 景观视角对组织间协作的解释力
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231152889
Mart‐Jan de Jong, J. Edelenbos, G. Teisman, J. Hoffman, M. Hajer
Collaboration between organizations is generally seen as a pre-requisite for dealing with complex problems, but such efforts appear to be inherently difficult and often disappoint expectations regarding their problem-solving capacity. In this article we add to the existing literature by taking a systemic, landscape perspective on collaborative success and failure. Using a case study of urban regeneration in the Dutch Randstad conurbation, we show that when practitioners aim to collaborate on an inter-organizational level (between organizations), they also need to collaborate productively on intra-organizational (between teams) and supra-organizational (between coalitions) levels. We investigate the tense relationships within and among these levels, and highlight what happens in-between, thereby picturing a bigger collaborative landscape. Drawing on interviews and participant observation we reveal horizontal and vertical practices of “in-betweening” within and between each level. These practices are a promising way to overcome difficulties that may surface on the inter-organizational level but are influenced by the two other levels. Understanding and synchronizing collaborations on all three levels is presented as an effective way to increase the problem-solving capacity of inter-organizational collaboration.
组织之间的协作通常被视为处理复杂问题的先决条件,但是这样的努力似乎本身就很困难,并且常常使人们对其解决问题能力的期望落空。在这篇文章中,我们通过对协作成功和失败采取系统的、景观的观点来补充现有的文献。通过对荷兰任仕达联合城市更新的案例研究,我们表明,当从业者的目标是在组织间(组织之间)进行合作时,他们还需要在组织内(团队之间)和超组织(联盟之间)层面进行富有成效的合作。我们研究了这些层次内部和层次之间的紧张关系,并强调了两者之间发生的事情,从而描绘了一个更大的合作前景。通过访谈和参与者观察,我们揭示了每个层次内部和之间的横向和纵向“中间”实践。这些实践是克服可能出现在组织间级别但受其他两个级别影响的困难的有希望的方法。理解和同步所有三个层次上的协作是提高组织间协作解决问题能力的有效方法。
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引用次数: 0
Legitimacy and the extraordinary growth of ESG measures and metrics in the global investment management industry ESG措施和指标在全球投资管理行业的合法性和非凡增长
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231155484
G. Clark, Adam D. Dixon
ESG metrics are increasingly important in the global investment management industry. Why this came to pass given the limited appetite for responsible investing in the industry is the subject of this paper. Although the business case for ESG provides an explanation for its increasing uptake whereby market actors are increasingly convinced of the merits of ESG as a profit centre, this explanation is insufficient. By contrast, the adoption the ESG programme offers a means of rewriting the terms of risk management and value creation that while grounded in the business case also serve to address challenges to the legitimacy of the global asset management industry. These developments are illustrated in a case study of the establishment and growth of TruCost and its purchase by S&P Global in 2016.
ESG指标在全球投资管理行业日益重要。鉴于对该行业负责任投资的兴趣有限,为什么会出现这种情况是本文的主题。尽管ESG的商业案例为其日益普及提供了解释,即市场参与者越来越相信ESG作为利润中心的优点,但这一解释是不够的。相比之下,采用ESG计划提供了一种重写风险管理和价值创造条款的手段,这些条款虽然基于商业案例,但也有助于应对全球资产管理行业合法性面临的挑战。这些发展在TruCost的建立和发展以及2016年被标普全球收购的案例研究中得到了说明。
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引用次数: 0
Unpacking corporate ownership in property markets: A typology of investors and the making of an investment value chain in Brazil 解构房地产市场中的企业所有权:投资者的类型和巴西投资价值链的形成
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231157742
D. Sanfelici, Maira Magnani
Over the past few decades, a growing number of studies have analyzed the social, spatial, and economic consequences of the sharp rise in corporate ownership of property assets. These studies have shown that financial(ized) rationalities, preferences, and techniques increasingly shape the investment behavior of corporate landlords, with notable effects in cities and regions. Less attention has been given, however, to the heterogeneity of actors that are bundled together under the umbrella of corporate landlords, as well as to the investment strategies these different actors pursue. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by analyzing the investment behavior of three corporate and financial investors in Brazil's commercial property markets: pension funds; listed property firms; and real estate investment trusts. Drawing on institutional and evolutionary approaches to economic geography, we build a typology of investor types in Brazil's commercial property markets which shows that the investment preferences of these actors are largely shaped by three key variables: their organizational rules and routines; their ownership structure; and differential access to financing. In addition, we show that these investment preferences translate into distinguishable patterns of property investment and influence broader property market dynamics by giving shape to an investment value chain.
在过去的几十年里,越来越多的研究分析了企业房地产资产所有权急剧上升所带来的社会、空间和经济后果。这些研究表明,财务(化)理性、偏好和技术日益影响企业房东的投资行为,并在城市和地区产生显著影响。然而,很少有人关注在企业房东的保护伞下捆绑在一起的参与者的异质性,以及这些不同参与者所追求的投资策略。在本文中,我们旨在通过分析巴西商业房地产市场中三个企业和金融投资者的投资行为来填补这一空白:养老基金;上市房地产公司;还有房地产投资信托。利用经济地理学的制度和进化方法,我们建立了巴西商业房地产市场投资者类型的类型学,该类型学表明,这些参与者的投资偏好在很大程度上受到三个关键变量的影响:他们的组织规则和惯例;他们的所有权结构;融资渠道的差异。此外,我们还表明,这些投资偏好转化为可区分的房地产投资模式,并通过塑造投资价值链来影响更广泛的房地产市场动态。
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引用次数: 0
‘We’re just an ambulance at the bottom of the cliff’: Strategies and (a)politics of change in Berlin's community food spaces “我们只是悬崖下的一辆救护车”:柏林社区餐饮空间的策略和(a)变革政治
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231158101
O. Véron
The benefits of community-based, grassroots food practices, such as community gardens or kitchens, are widely acknowledged. However, they have also been shown to support neoliberal and exclusionary dynamics. This paper examines this contradiction on the ground by unpacking the processes and mechanisms through which these initiatives reproduce, reinforce or challenge social inequities and injustices in the city. It suggests the concept of community food space to look at the articulation of practices and intentions within these groups, and highlight emancipatory practices situated around food rather than simply about food. The paper draws upon an ongoing militant ethnography into community food spaces in Berlin, Germany. Exploring the complex and diverse landscape of Berlin food activism, it illuminates the ways in which food may be used to perpetuate unjust social configurations or, on the contrary, to advance social justice at both local and structural levels.
社区菜园或厨房等以社区为基础的基层食品实践的好处得到了广泛认可。然而,它们也被证明支持新自由主义和排他性动力。本文通过揭示这些举措在城市中再现、加强或挑战社会不平等和不公正的过程和机制,从根本上审视了这种矛盾。它提出了社区食物空间的概念,以观察这些群体内的实践和意图的表达,并强调围绕食物而不是简单地关于食物的解放实践。本文借鉴了正在进行的激进民族志进入社区食品空间在柏林,德国。它探索了柏林食物行动主义复杂多样的景观,阐明了食物可能被用来维持不公正的社会结构的方式,或者相反,在地方和结构层面推进社会正义。
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引用次数: 0
Channeling the capital of others: How Luxembourg came to be asset managers’ “plumber” of choice 引导他人的资本:卢森堡如何成为资产管理公司的“管道工”之选
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x221150012
Samuel Weeks
This article analyzes the development and growth of the administrative practices and structures necessary for leading asset management companies and other firms to create and sell their “product” of choice: investment funds. To investigate this problematic, I turn to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, which currently serves as the domicile for over $5 trillion in fund assets. Since the 1980s, Luxembourg's “offshore” financial center has become a leader in providing the “plumbing,” to quote an interviewee of mine, for worldwide asset manager capitalism. On offer in Luxembourg to asset managers are the routine-but-essential tasks such as domiciliation, compliance, calculation of net-asset values, and distributions. After a brief history of the rise of asset manager capitalism and Luxembourg's role in it, I detail the strategies by which the Grand Duchy's financial-center professionals collaborate to devise ways to service the ever-increasing varieties of investment funds for sale today. Having used the Luxembourg financial center as a case study, I conclude the article by arguing that, in order to understand contemporary asset manager capitalism, researchers should pay as much attention to its “collaborating administrators” in locales like Luxembourg as they currently do to its “competing titans of industry” on Wall Street or in the City of London.
本文分析了主要资产管理公司和其他公司创建和销售其选择的“产品”:投资基金所必需的管理实践和结构的发展和增长。为了调查这个问题,我转向卢森堡大公国,它目前是超过5万亿美元基金资产的注册地。自20世纪80年代以来,卢森堡的“离岸”金融中心已经成为为全球资产管理公司资本主义提供“管道”的领导者,引用我的一位受访者的话。在卢森堡,向资产管理公司提供的是一些常规但必要的任务,如注册、合规、计算资产净值和分配。在简要介绍了资产管理资本主义的兴起历史和卢森堡在其中所扮演的角色之后,我详细介绍了大公国金融中心的专业人士合作制定的策略,以服务于今天不断增加的各种投资基金。在以卢森堡金融中心作为案例研究之后,我在文章的结尾提出,为了理解当代资产管理资本主义,研究人员应该像关注目前华尔街或伦敦金融城的“竞争巨头”一样,关注卢森堡等地的“合作管理者”。
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引用次数: 1
The assemblages of (counter) spectacle – mega-retail in post-dictatorship Chile and beyond 在独裁统治后的智利及其他地区,(柜台)大型零售商店的集合
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231155485
Jacob C. Miller
Spectacle, once a key term for critical theories, has had limited theoretical development in recent decades. To make sure the concept remains relevant today, this paper turns to actor-network theory (ANT) and assemblage theories to reconceptualize what the spectacle is and how it operates today. Working with a case study of a controversial urban spectacle in southern Chile – a new shopping mall, the “Mall Paseo Chiloé” – this paper explores a set of findings that illustrate what these approaches have to offer. First, in viewing the spectacle as a hybrid entity, we uncover vital forces inside what might at first appear to be irrelevant features of the building's architectural design. At the same time, this approach includes the forces of ambivalent desire and fluidity that reveal the dynamics of resistance inside that same design. As such, this paper focuses on a specific aspect of this building that makes it a unique form of counter-spectacle.
景观作为批判理论的一个重要术语,近几十年来的理论发展十分有限。为了确保这个概念在今天仍然相关,本文转向演员网络理论(ANT)和组合理论来重新概念化景观是什么以及它在今天是如何运作的。本文通过对智利南部一个有争议的城市景观的案例研究——一个新的购物中心,“mall Paseo chilo”——探讨了一系列的发现,说明这些方法必须提供什么。首先,在将景观视为一个混合实体的过程中,我们发现了内部的重要力量,这些力量最初可能看起来与建筑设计无关。同时,这种方法包括矛盾的欲望和流动性的力量,揭示了同一设计内部的阻力动态。因此,本文关注的是这座建筑的一个特定方面,使其成为一种独特的反景观形式。
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引用次数: 0
Ten theses on the new state capitalism and its futures 十篇关于新国家资本主义及其未来的论文
IF 4.2 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/0308518X231156910
Ilias Alami
Global capitalism is currently experiencing a turbulent and polymorphous (geo)political reordering, encompassing multiple transformations in the landscapes of state intervention, and a drastic reconfiguration of the state's role as promoter, supervisor and owner of capital across the world economy. Can the concept of state capitalism aid us in grasping these transformations conceptually? My answer is yes, with the proviso that state capitalism is neither conceptualised as a national (or regional) variety of capitalism, nor as a new regime of accumulation, but as a flexible means of problematising this historic arc in the trajectories of state intervention. Based on this approach, I offer in this essay ten theses on the new state capitalism, its roots in the dynamics of capital accumulation, its relations to broader material conflicts and its potential futures.
全球资本主义目前正在经历动荡和多形态的(地理)政治重新排序,包括国家干预景观的多重转变,以及国家作为世界经济中资本的推动者,监督者和所有者的角色的剧烈重新配置。国家资本主义的概念能否帮助我们从概念上把握这些转变?我的回答是肯定的,但附带条件是,国家资本主义既不是被概念化为资本主义的一种国家(或地区)变体,也不是一种新的积累制度,而是作为一种灵活的手段,在国家干预的轨迹中解决这一历史弧线的问题。基于这种方法,我在这篇文章中提供了十篇关于新国家资本主义的论文,它在资本积累动力学中的根源,它与更广泛的物质冲突的关系以及它的潜在未来。
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引用次数: 2
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