IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Facets

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0109

Cecilio Valadez-Cano, K. Hawkes, Rossella Calvaruso, A. Reyes-Prieto, J. Lawrence

Cyanobacterial blooms and their toxigenic potential threaten freshwater resources worldwide. In Atlantic Canada, despite an increase of cyanobacterial blooms in the last decade, little is known about the toxigenic potential and the taxonomic affiliation of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. In this study, we employed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and metagenomic approaches to assess the potential for cyanotoxin and other bioactive metabolite production in Harvey Lake (oligotrophic) and Washademoak Lake (mesotrophic) in New Brunswick, Canada, during summer and early fall months. The PCR survey detected the potential for microcystin (hepatotoxin) and anatoxin-a (neurotoxin) production in both lakes, despite a cyanobacterial bloom only being visible in Washademoak. Genus-specific PCR associated microcystin production potential with the presence of Microcystis in both lakes. The metagenomic strategy provided insight into temporal variations in the microbial communities of both lakes. It also permitted the recovery of a near-complete Microcystis aeruginosa genome with the genetic complement to produce microcystin and other bioactive metabolites such as piricyclamide, micropeptin/cyanopeptolin, and aeruginosin. Our approaches demonstrate the potential for production of a diverse complement of bioactive compounds and establish important baseline data for future studies of understudied lakes, which are frequently affected by cyanobacterial blooms.

蓝藻水华及其产毒潜力威胁着世界各地的淡水资源。在加拿大大西洋，尽管在过去十年中蓝藻水华有所增加，但对形成水华的蓝藻的产毒潜力和分类学归属知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和宏基因组方法来评估加拿大新不伦瑞克省Harvey湖（贫营养）和Washademoak湖（中营养）在夏季和初秋产生蓝藻毒素和其他生物活性代谢产物的潜力。PCR调查在两个湖泊中都检测到了微囊藻毒素（肝毒素）和类毒素-a（神经毒素）产生的潜力，尽管只有在瓦沙德莫亚克才能看到蓝藻水华。属属特异性PCR将微囊藻毒素产生潜力与两个湖泊中微囊藻毒素的存在联系起来。宏基因组策略提供了对两个湖泊微生物群落时间变化的深入了解。它还允许回收具有遗传互补的近乎完整的铜绿微囊藻基因组，以产生微囊藻毒素和其他生物活性代谢产物，如吡环酰胺、微肽/氰基支持素和Aerouginosin。我们的方法证明了生产多种生物活性化合物的潜力，并为未来研究不足的湖泊建立了重要的基线数据，这些湖泊经常受到蓝藻水华的影响。

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引用次数: 3

Canadian wildlife health surveillance—patterns, challenges and opportunities identified by a scoping review 加拿大野生动物健康监测——范围审查确定的模式、挑战和机遇

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Facets

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0027

J. Giacinti, E. Jane Parmley, M. Reist, Daniel Bayley, D. Pearl, C. Jardine

The protection and promotion of healthy wildlife populations is emerging as a shared goal among stakeholders in the face of unprecedented environmental threats. Accordingly, there are growing demands for the generation of actionable wildlife health information. Wildlife health surveillance is a connected system of knowledge that generates data on a range of factors that influence health. Canada recently approved the Pan-Canadian Approach to Wildlife Health that describes challenges facing wildlife health programs and provides a path forward for modernizing our approach. This scoping review was undertaken to describe the range of peer-reviewed Canadian wildlife health surveillance literature within the context of the challenges facing wildlife health programs and to provide a quantitative synthesis of evidence to establish baselines, identify gaps, and inform areas for growth. This review describes patterns related to species, location, authorship/funding, objectives, and methodology. Five areas are identified that have the potential to propel the field of wildlife health: representativeness, expanded/diversified collaboration, community engagement, harmonization, and a shift to a solutions-focused and One Health mindset. This scoping review provides a synopsis of 10 years of Canadian wildlife health surveillance, challenges us to envision the future of successful wildlife health surveillance, and provides a benchmark from which we can measure change.

面对前所未有的环境威胁，保护和促进健康的野生动物种群正成为利益攸关方的共同目标。因此，对生成可操作的野生动物健康信息的需求越来越大。野生动物健康监测是一个相互关联的知识系统，可以生成影响健康的一系列因素的数据。加拿大最近批准了《泛加拿大野生动物健康方法》，该方法描述了野生动物健康计划面临的挑战，并为我们的方法现代化提供了前进的道路。进行这项范围界定审查是为了在野生动物健康计划面临的挑战的背景下描述经过同行评审的加拿大野生动物健康监测文献的范围，并提供证据的定量综合，以建立基线、确定差距并为增长领域提供信息。这篇综述描述了与物种、地点、作者/资金、目标和方法有关的模式。确定了五个有潜力推动野生动物健康领域的领域：代表性、扩大/多样化的合作、社区参与、协调以及向以解决方案为重点和“一个健康”思维的转变。这项范围界定审查提供了加拿大野生动物健康监测10年的概要，挑战了我们对成功的野生动物健康监督的未来的设想，并提供了一个我们可以衡量变化的基准。

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引用次数: 0

Prior AICAR induces elevated glucose uptake concomitant with greater γ3-AMPK activation and reduced membrane cholesterol in skeletal muscle from 26-month-old rats. 先前的AICAR诱导26月龄大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖摄取升高，同时γ - 3- ampk活化和膜胆固醇降低。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Facets

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0166

Haiyan Wang, Amy Zheng, Edward B Arias, Gregory D Cartee

Attenuated skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU) has been observed with advancing age. It is important to elucidate the mechanisms linked to interventions that oppose this detrimental outcome. Earlier research using young rodents and (or) cultured myocytes reported that treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR; an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator) can increase γ3-AMPK activity and reduce membrane cholesterol content, each of which has been proposed to elevate GU. However, the effect of AICAR treatment on γ3-AMPK activity and membrane cholesterol in skeletal muscle of aged animals has not been reported. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of AICAR treatment on these potential mechanisms for enhanced glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of aged animals. Epitrochlearis muscles from 26-27-month-old male rats were isolated and incubated ± AICAR, followed by 3 h incubation without AICAR, and then incubation with 3-O-methyl-[³ H] glucose (to assess GU ± insulin). Muscles were also analyzed for γ3-AMPK activity and membrane cholesterol content. Prior AICAR treatment led to increased γ3-AMPK activity, reduced membrane cholesterol content, and enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle from aged rats. These observations revealed that two potential mechanisms for greater GU previously observed in younger animals and (or) cell models are also potentially relevant for enhanced GU by muscles from older animals.

骨骼肌葡萄糖摄取(GU)随着年龄的增长而减弱。重要的是要阐明与反对这种有害结果的干预措施有关的机制。早期对幼鼠和(或)培养的肌细胞的研究报告称，5-氨基咪唑-4-羧酰胺-1-β-d-核呋喃苷(AICAR;一种amp活化的蛋白激酶(AMPK)激活剂可以增加γ - 3-AMPK活性，降低膜胆固醇含量，这两种物质都被认为可以提高GU。然而，AICAR治疗对老龄动物骨骼肌γ - 3- ampk活性和膜胆固醇的影响尚未见报道。我们的目的是评估AICAR治疗对老年动物骨骼肌葡萄糖摄取增强的潜在机制的影响。分离26 ~ 27月龄雄性大鼠耳蜗外肌，用±AICAR孵育，无AICAR孵育3 h，再用3- o -甲基-[3 h]葡萄糖孵育(以评估GU±胰岛素)。还分析了肌肉的γ - 3- ampk活性和膜胆固醇含量。先前的AICAR治疗导致老年大鼠骨骼肌中γ - 3- ampk活性增加，膜胆固醇含量降低，葡萄糖摄取增加。这些观察结果表明，先前在年轻动物和(或)细胞模型中观察到的两种潜在的GU增加机制也可能与老年动物肌肉的GU增强有关。

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引用次数: 0

Association of CLOCK gene variants with obesity and adiposity-related anthropometric, metabolic, and behavioral parameters CLOCK基因变异与肥胖和肥胖相关的人体测量、代谢和行为参数的相关性

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Facets

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0137

Sobia Rana, Narjis Fatima, Adil Anwar Bhatti

The CLOCK gene is a core component of the circadian clock and regulates various aspects of metabolism. Therefore, any variation that affects the function/expression of the CLOCK gene may contribute to the manifestation of metabolic disorders such as obesity. This study investigated whether the CLOCK variants rs4864548 and rs6843722 are associated with obesity and related traits in Pakistanis. A total of 306 overweight/obese cases and 306 age- and gender-matched control subjects were recruited (males 336 and females 276, age range 12–63 years). Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were taken by standard procedures and biochemical analyses, respectively. Behavior-related information was collected with a questionnaire. The genotypes of the variants were determined by allelic discrimination Taqman assays. Both variants were found to have a significant association with overweight/obesity according to the over-dominant model. The rs4864548 and rs6843722 were observed to escalate the risk of overweight/obesity by 1.611 ( p = 0.004) and 1.657 ( p = 0.002) times, respectively. These variants were also seen to be significantly associated with various other adiposity-related anthropometric parameters ( p < 0.05). However, no association of both variants with metabolic and behavioral parameters was observed ( p > 0.05). Thus, these variants may contribute to increasing the risk of overweight/obesity and related anthropometric traits in Pakistanis.

CLOCK基因是生物钟的核心组成部分，调节新陈代谢的各个方面。因此，任何影响CLOCK基因功能/表达的变异都可能导致代谢紊乱如肥胖的表现。本研究调查了CLOCK变体rs48654548和rs6843722是否与巴基斯坦人的肥胖及其相关特征有关。共招募了306例超重/肥胖病例和306名年龄和性别匹配的对照受试者（男性336人，女性276人，年龄范围为12-63岁）。通过标准程序和生化分析分别获取人体测量和代谢参数。通过问卷调查收集行为相关信息。变体的基因型通过等位基因鉴别Taqman测定法确定。根据过度显性模型，这两种变体都与超重/肥胖有显著关联。观察到rs48654548和rs6843722使超重/肥胖的风险分别增加1.611（p=0.004）和1.657（p=0.002）倍。这些变体还与其他各种与肥胖相关的人体测量参数显著相关（p 0.05）。因此，这些变体可能会增加巴基斯坦人超重/肥胖的风险和相关的人体特征。

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引用次数: 0

A novel morphometry-based method for assessing maturity in male Tanner crab, Chionoecetes bairdi 一种新的基于形态计量学的雄性Tanner蟹成熟度评估方法

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Facets

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0061

J. Richar, R. Foy

Accurate classification of maturity status and estimation of size at 50% maturity for male crabs are important to the management of North Pacific crab stocks, which form the basis of several economically valuable fisheries. We demonstrate a straightforward maturity classification approach applied to male Tanner crabs ( Chionoecetes bairdi), based on the use of log-transformed chela height distributions calculated via kernel density functions. The linear equation defining the relationship between the minima of these chela height distributions, and the midpoint of the corresponding carapace width bins is then used to estimate the incidence of maturity by size group across the population. We demonstrate the performance of this approach relative to two other currently applied methodologies. Finally, we apply this method to assess annual size at 50% maturity in eastern Bering Sea male Tanner crabs, and spatiotemporal trends in this parameter. We demonstrate the existence of high interannual and spatial variability in this population metric and find evidence of a decline in size at maturity in the western stock.

雄性螃蟹成熟度状态的准确分类和50%成熟度时的大小估计对北太平洋螃蟹种群的管理很重要，北太平洋螃蟹是几种具有经济价值的渔业的基础。我们展示了一种应用于雄性Tanner螃蟹（Chionoecetes bairdi）的直接成熟度分类方法，该方法基于通过核密度函数计算的对数变换螯蟹高度分布。然后，使用定义这些螯高度分布的最小值和相应甲宽箱的中点之间关系的线性方程来估计整个种群中按体型分组的成熟发生率。我们展示了这种方法相对于其他两种目前应用的方法的性能。最后，我们将该方法应用于评估白令海东部雄性坦纳蟹50%成熟度时的年大小，以及该参数的时空趋势。我们证明了该种群指标存在较高的年际和空间变异性，并发现了西部种群成熟期规模下降的证据。

引用次数: 0

Community structure, species–habitat relationships, and conservation of amphibians in forested vernal pools in the Georgian Bay region of Ontario 安大略省乔治亚湾地区森林春水池中两栖动物的群落结构、物种-栖息地关系和保护

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Facets

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0097

Nick Luymes, P. Chow-Fraser

Forested vernal pools serve an integral role in the recruitment of amphibians in glaciated northeastern North America. In south-central Ontario, vernal pools exist in relatively unimpacted forest networks, but the amphibian communities face uncertain challenges from anthropogenic-induced climate change. We surveyed amphibian larvae and collected measurements of habitat characteristics from vernal pools to collect baseline information on amphibian community structure and species–habitat relationships. Amphibian communities were influenced by hydroperiod length and canopy openness, and the relative abundances of early breeding amphibians were affected by changes in the structure of vegetation communities within pools. Our study suggests that, even across moderate ranges of breeding habitat characteristics, the structure of amphibian communities is dynamic. With anthropogenic-induced climate change leading to more drought-prone summers, the conservation of intact forests that support diverse wetland assemblages will be a necessary component of future legislation.

在北美东北部冰川覆盖的地区，森林覆盖的春季水池在两栖动物的招募中发挥着不可或缺的作用。在安大略省中南部，春季水池存在于相对未受影响的森林网络中，但两栖动物群落面临着人为引发的气候变化带来的不确定挑战。我们调查了两栖动物幼虫，并从春季水池中收集了栖息地特征的测量值，以收集两栖动物群落结构和物种-栖息地关系的基线信息。两栖动物群落受水周期长度和冠层开放度的影响，早期繁殖两栖动物的相对丰度受池内植被群落结构变化的影响。我们的研究表明，即使在适度的繁殖栖息地特征范围内，两栖动物群落的结构也是动态的。随着人为引发的气候变化导致夏季更加干旱，保护支持不同湿地组合的完整森林将是未来立法的必要组成部分。

引用次数: 3

DNA metabarcoding of faecal pellets reveals high consumption of yew (Taxus spp.) by caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in a lichen-poor environment 粪便颗粒的DNA元条形码显示，在地衣贫瘠的环境中，驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus)大量消耗红豆杉(Taxus spp.)

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Facets

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0071

Greniqueca M Mitchell, P. Wilson, M. Manseau, Bridget Redquest, B. Patterson, L. Rutledge

Woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou) are threatened in Canada because of the drastic decline in population size caused primarily by human-induced landscape changes that decrease habitat and increase predation risk. Conservation efforts have largely focused on reducing predators and protecting critical habitat, whereas research on dietary niches and the role of potential food constraints in lichen-poor environments is limited. To improve our understanding of dietary niche variability, we used a next-generation sequencing approach with metabarcoding of DNA extracted from faecal pellets of woodland caribou located on Lake Superior in lichen-rich (mainland) and lichen-poor (island) environments. Amplicon sequencing of fungal ITS2 region revealed lichen-associated fungi as predominant in samples from both populations, but amplification at the chloroplast trnL region, which was only successful on island samples, revealed primary consumption of yew ( Taxus spp.) based on relative read abundance (83.68%) with dogwood ( Cornus spp.; 9.67%) and maple ( Acer spp.; 4.10%) also prevalent. These results suggest that conservation efforts for caribou need to consider the availability of food resources beyond lichen to ensure successful outcomes. More broadly, we provide a reliable methodology for assessing ungulate diet from archived faecal pellets that could reveal important dietary shifts over time in response to climate change.

林地驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus caribou）在加拿大受到威胁，因为主要由人类引起的景观变化导致种群规模急剧下降，从而减少了栖息地，增加了捕食风险。保护工作主要集中在减少捕食者和保护关键栖息地上，而对饮食生态位和潜在食物限制在地衣贫乏环境中的作用的研究有限。为了提高我们对饮食生态位变异性的理解，我们使用了下一代测序方法，对从苏必利尔湖地衣丰富（大陆）和地衣贫乏（岛屿）环境中的林地驯鹿粪便颗粒中提取的DNA进行代谢编码。真菌ITS2区域的扩增子测序显示，地衣相关真菌在两个种群的样本中都占主导地位，但叶绿体trnL区域的扩增（仅在岛屿样本中成功）显示，基于相对阅读丰度（83.68%），紫杉（红豆杉属）的主要消费量，山茱萸（山茱萸属；9.67%）和枫树（宏碁属；4.10%）也很普遍。这些结果表明，驯鹿的保护工作需要考虑地衣以外的食物资源的可用性，以确保取得成功。更广泛地说，我们提供了一种从存档的粪便颗粒中评估有蹄类食物的可靠方法，可以揭示随着时间的推移，应对气候变化的重要饮食变化。

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引用次数: 3

A Canadian model for providing high-quality, timely and relevant evidence to meet health system decision-maker needs: the SPOR Evidence Alliance 加拿大提供高质量、及时和相关证据以满足卫生系统决策者需求的模式：SPOR证据联盟

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Facets

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0132

W. Zarin, C. Lunny, Sabrina Chaudhry, Sonia M. Thomas, A. LeBlanc, F. Clement, A. Abou-Setta, J. Curran, B. Hutton, I. Flórez, Linda C. Li, S. Bornstein, Clayon B. Hamilton, P. Moffitt, C. Godfrey, L. Zitzelsberger, Leanne Gardiner, C. Fahim, S. Straus, A. Tricco

Canada has made great progress in synthesizing, disseminating, and integrating research findings into health systems and clinical decision-making; yet gaps exist in the research-to-practice continuum. The Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) Evidence Alliance aims to help close gaps by providing decision-makers with evidence that is timely, context sensitive, and demand driven to better inform patient-oriented practices and policies in health systems. In this article, we introduce a model established in Canada to support decision-maker needs for high-quality evidence that is patient oriented to enhance health systems performance. We provide an overview of how this model was implemented, who is involved, who it serves, as well as its organizational structure and remit. We discuss key milestones achieved to date and the impact this initiative has made within the health research community. The strength of the SPOR Evidence Alliance lies in its unique ability to simultaneously: ( i) serve as a national platform for researchers to stay connected and collaborate to minimize duplication of efforts and ( ii) facilitate access to research knowledge for patient partners and decision-makers. In doing so, the SPOR Evidence Alliance is supporting health policy and practice decisions that support and strengthen Canada’s dynamic health systems.

加拿大在综合、传播研究成果并将其纳入卫生系统和临床决策方面取得了巨大进展；然而，从研究到实践的连续体还存在空白。面向患者的研究战略（SPOR）证据联盟旨在通过向决策者提供及时、上下文敏感和需求驱动的证据来帮助缩小差距，从而更好地为卫生系统中面向患者的做法和政策提供信息。在本文中，我们介绍了一个在加拿大建立的模型，以支持决策者对以患者为导向的高质量证据的需求，从而提高卫生系统的绩效。我们概述了该模式是如何实施的，参与人员，为谁服务，以及其组织结构和职权范围。我们讨论了迄今为止取得的关键里程碑，以及这一举措在健康研究界产生的影响。SPOR证据联盟的优势在于其独特的能力：（i）作为研究人员保持联系和合作的国家平台，最大限度地减少重复工作；（ii）促进患者合作伙伴和决策者获得研究知识。通过这样做，SPOR证据联盟正在支持支持和加强加拿大动态卫生系统的卫生政策和实践决策。

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引用次数: 2

Opposing trends in fisheries portfolio diversity at harvester and community scales signal opportunities for adaptation 在收获和社区规模上，渔业组合多样性的相反趋势预示着适应的机会

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Facets

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0048

Sachiko Ouchi, L. Wilson, C. Wabnitz, C. Golden, A. Beaudreau, T. Kenny, G. Singh, W. Cheung, Hing Man Chan, A. Salomon

Understanding mechanisms that promote social-ecological resilience can inform future adaptation strategies. Among seafood dependent communities, these can be illuminated by assessing change among fisheries portfolios. Here, in collaboration with a Coast Salish Nation in British Columbia, Canada, we used expert Indigenous knowledge and network analyses to chronicle differences in fisheries portfolios pre and post a social-ecological regime shift. We then evaluated key drivers of change using semi-structured interviews. We found that while portfolios decreased in diversity of seafood types harvested and consumed among individuals overtime, portfolios increased in their diversification at the community level because more similar seafoods within less diverse individual portfolios were more commonly harvested and consumed by the Nation as a whole. Thus, diversity can operate simultaneously in opposing directions at different scales of organization. Experts identified four key mechanisms driving these changes, including commercial activities controlled by a centralized governance regime, intergenerational knowledge loss, adaptive learning to new ecological and economic opportunities, and the trading of seafood with other Indigenous communities. Unexpectedly, increased predation by marine mammals was also flagged as a key driver of change. Adaptation strategies that support access to and governance of diverse fisheries, exchange of seafoods among communities, and knowledge transfer among generations would promote social-ecological resilience, food security, and community well-being.

了解促进社会生态恢复力的机制可以为未来的适应战略提供信息。在依赖海产品的社区中，可以通过评估渔业组合的变化来阐明这些问题。在这里，我们与加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的一个沿海萨利希民族合作，使用土著专家知识和网络分析来记录社会生态制度转变前后渔业组合的差异。然后，我们使用半结构化访谈评估了变革的关键驱动因素。我们发现，虽然随着时间的推移，个人收获和消费的海产品种类的多样性有所下降，但在社区层面上，投资组合的多样性有所增加，因为在多样性较低的个人投资组合中，更多相似的海产品更常被整个国家收获和消费。因此，多样性可以同时在不同规模的组织中以相反的方向发挥作用。专家们确定了推动这些变化的四个关键机制，包括由集中治理制度控制的商业活动、代际知识流失、对新的生态和经济机会的适应性学习，以及与其他土著社区的海产品贸易。出乎意料的是，海洋哺乳动物捕食的增加也被标记为变化的关键驱动因素。支持获取和治理多样化渔业、社区间海产品交换以及代际知识转移的适应战略将促进社会生态复原力、粮食安全和社区福祉。

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引用次数: 1

Effects of turbine height and cut-in speed on bat and swallow fatalities at wind energy facilities 风机高度和切入速度对风能设施蝙蝠和燕子死亡的影响

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Facets

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0105

Alexandra M. Anderson, Catherine B. Jardine, J. Zimmerling, E. F. Baerwald, C. Davy

Understanding the relationship between the height of wind turbines and wildlife fatalities is important for informing and mitigating wildlife collisions as ever taller and denser arrays of wind turbines are erected across the landscape. We examined relationships between turbine height and fatalities of bats and swallows at 811 turbines in Ontario, Canada, ranging from 119 to 186 m tall. We accounted for cut-in speeds, operational mitigation, and taller turbines projecting carcasses farther from the turbine base than shorter turbines. Fatalities of hoary bats ( Lasiurus cinereus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796), silver-haired bats ( Lasionycteris noctivagans Le Conte, 1831), and big brown bats ( Eptesicus fuscus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796) increased with increased maximum blade height of turbines. In contrast, fatalities of little brown bat ( Myotis lucifugus Le Conte, 1831) and eastern red bat ( Lasiurus borealis Müller, 1776) decreased with increased turbine height. Fatalities of purple martins ( Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758) and tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor Vieillot, 1808) were higher at taller turbines than shorter turbines. However, fatalities of cliff swallow ( Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot, 1817) and barn swallow ( Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758) were not associated with turbine height. Our results suggest that varying flight height among species may be one factor affecting collision risk.

了解风力涡轮机高度和野生动物死亡之间的关系对于告知和减轻野生动物碰撞是很重要的，因为越来越高、越来越密集的风力涡轮机阵列竖立在整个景观中。我们在加拿大安大略省的811座涡轮机上研究了涡轮机高度与蝙蝠和燕子死亡之间的关系，涡轮机的高度从119米到186米不等。我们考虑了切割速度，运行减缓，以及较高的涡轮机比较短的涡轮机离涡轮机基座更远。白蝙蝠(Lasiurus cinereus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)、银毛蝙蝠(Lasionycteris noctivagans Le Conte, 1831)和大棕蝙蝠(Eptesicus fuscus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)的死亡率随着涡轮最大叶片高度的增加而增加。相比之下，小棕蝠(Myotis lucifugus Le Conte, 1831)和东部红蝠(Lasiurus borealis m ller, 1776)的死亡率随着涡轮高度的增加而下降。紫燕(Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758年)和树燕(Tachycineta bicolor Vieillot, 1808年)在较高的涡轮机上的死亡率高于较低的涡轮机。然而，崖燕(Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot, 1817)和仓燕(Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758)的死亡率与涡轮机高度无关。我们的研究结果表明，不同物种之间飞行高度的差异可能是影响碰撞风险的一个因素。

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引用次数: 0

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