Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0121
Liette Vasseur, B. May, M. Caspell, Alex Marino, Pulkit Garg, J. Baker, S. Gauthier
Communities in coastal areas of Canada, including the Great Lakes, face a number of challenges, including increased water level variability and extreme weather events, causing flooding and localized erosion. To effectively respond to these coastal risks requires structured, deliberative approaches with the aim of fostering resilience and contributing to sustainability. A collaborative engagement process was used to explore community challenges. This included a project launch, key informant interviews, meetings, focus groups (agriculture, tourism, youth), and on-line methods (shoreline residents). Participatory social network analysis and theory of change were used for overall sense-making. As a result, community members identified six impact pathways moving forward with climate action: partnerships and collaboration; strategic engagement; water and watersheds; ecosystem-based adaptation; shoreline protection; and education. These themes are consistent with current theory on sustainability and theory of change development.
{"title":"Using an inverted funnel analogy to develop a theory of change supporting resilient ecosystem-based adaptation in the Great Lakes Basin: a case study of Lincoln, Ontario, Canada","authors":"Liette Vasseur, B. May, M. Caspell, Alex Marino, Pulkit Garg, J. Baker, S. Gauthier","doi":"10.1139/facets-2022-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2022-0121","url":null,"abstract":"Communities in coastal areas of Canada, including the Great Lakes, face a number of challenges, including increased water level variability and extreme weather events, causing flooding and localized erosion. To effectively respond to these coastal risks requires structured, deliberative approaches with the aim of fostering resilience and contributing to sustainability. A collaborative engagement process was used to explore community challenges. This included a project launch, key informant interviews, meetings, focus groups (agriculture, tourism, youth), and on-line methods (shoreline residents). Participatory social network analysis and theory of change were used for overall sense-making. As a result, community members identified six impact pathways moving forward with climate action: partnerships and collaboration; strategic engagement; water and watersheds; ecosystem-based adaptation; shoreline protection; and education. These themes are consistent with current theory on sustainability and theory of change development.","PeriodicalId":48511,"journal":{"name":"Facets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42778409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0111
J. Tedla, D. Sangadala, R. Reddy, K. Gular, Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi, P. Samuel
Normative reference values for muscle strength are needed for muscle strength assessment and estimation of prognosis in lower extremity related neuromuscular disorders, as muscle strength influenced by anthropometric parameters and muscle strength itself affects balance. Normative reference values for muscle strength in the Saudi Arabian population is lacking in the literature. Hence, the current study aimed to establish normative reference values for lower extremity muscle strength and to correlate these values with anthropometric parameters and balance. Lower extremity muscle strength and balance were assessed by baseline hand-held dynamometer and by forward, lateral, and oblique direction reach tests in 421 young male adults between 21 and 23 years of age. The mean and standard deviation of lower extremity strength ranged from 43.83 ± 16.92 lb to 62.07 ± 10.74 lb. Body weight, body mass index, and oblique and lateral reach distances were correlated with some knee and ankle muscle strength values. Body weight, body mass index, and balance showed significant effect on lower extremity muscle strength. Furthermore, decreased muscle strength may impair balance; the current clinical practice should evaluate body weight, body mass index, and muscle strength during the assessment process.
{"title":"Lower extremity muscle strength reference values for young Saudi male adults aged 21 to 23 years and their correlation with anthropometric parameters and balance","authors":"J. Tedla, D. Sangadala, R. Reddy, K. Gular, Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi, P. Samuel","doi":"10.1139/facets-2021-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0111","url":null,"abstract":"Normative reference values for muscle strength are needed for muscle strength assessment and estimation of prognosis in lower extremity related neuromuscular disorders, as muscle strength influenced by anthropometric parameters and muscle strength itself affects balance. Normative reference values for muscle strength in the Saudi Arabian population is lacking in the literature. Hence, the current study aimed to establish normative reference values for lower extremity muscle strength and to correlate these values with anthropometric parameters and balance. Lower extremity muscle strength and balance were assessed by baseline hand-held dynamometer and by forward, lateral, and oblique direction reach tests in 421 young male adults between 21 and 23 years of age. The mean and standard deviation of lower extremity strength ranged from 43.83 ± 16.92 lb to 62.07 ± 10.74 lb. Body weight, body mass index, and oblique and lateral reach distances were correlated with some knee and ankle muscle strength values. Body weight, body mass index, and balance showed significant effect on lower extremity muscle strength. Furthermore, decreased muscle strength may impair balance; the current clinical practice should evaluate body weight, body mass index, and muscle strength during the assessment process.","PeriodicalId":48511,"journal":{"name":"Facets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45290074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0019
Xiaomin Xie, Guirong Bai, Dan Qiang, Li Zhang, Huili Liu, Y. He, Xiaojuan Zhang
Copeptin (C-terminal fragment of pro-arginine vasopressin) levels change as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and blood pressure change. To explore the clinical significance of changes in copeptin levels in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we enrolled patients undergoing physical health examinations who met diagnostic criteria for prediabetes and T2DM. Subjects were divided into eight subgroups based on FPG levels and presence or absence of hypertension, including: a normal group (NGT), FPG < 5.6 mmol/L; prediabetes A, 5.6 mmol/L ≤ FPG < 6.1 mmol/L; prediabetes B, 6.1 mmol/L ≤ FPG < 7.0 mmol/L; and T2DM, FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L; participants were further into two subgroups by whether they had hypertension or not. Measures included biochemical indicators, fasting insulin (FINS), and copeptin. Copeptin levels in prediabetes A, prediabetes B, and T2DM groups increased significantly compared to NGT group ( P < 0.01). No significant differences were found in copeptin levels between normal blood pressure and hypertension subgroups in all four groups. Copeptin levels correlated positively with systolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), FPG, FINS, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR; P < 0.05–0.001), and negatively with insulin secretion index ( P < 0.05–0.001). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that copeptin levels correlated independently with elevated HbA1c and aggravated HOMA-IR ( P < 0.001). Increase in copeptin levels may aggravate insulin resistance, finally leading to T2DM.
{"title":"Changes in serum copeptin in the early onset of type 2 diabetes","authors":"Xiaomin Xie, Guirong Bai, Dan Qiang, Li Zhang, Huili Liu, Y. He, Xiaojuan Zhang","doi":"10.1139/facets-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Copeptin (C-terminal fragment of pro-arginine vasopressin) levels change as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and blood pressure change. To explore the clinical significance of changes in copeptin levels in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we enrolled patients undergoing physical health examinations who met diagnostic criteria for prediabetes and T2DM. Subjects were divided into eight subgroups based on FPG levels and presence or absence of hypertension, including: a normal group (NGT), FPG < 5.6 mmol/L; prediabetes A, 5.6 mmol/L ≤ FPG < 6.1 mmol/L; prediabetes B, 6.1 mmol/L ≤ FPG < 7.0 mmol/L; and T2DM, FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L; participants were further into two subgroups by whether they had hypertension or not. Measures included biochemical indicators, fasting insulin (FINS), and copeptin. Copeptin levels in prediabetes A, prediabetes B, and T2DM groups increased significantly compared to NGT group ( P < 0.01). No significant differences were found in copeptin levels between normal blood pressure and hypertension subgroups in all four groups. Copeptin levels correlated positively with systolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), FPG, FINS, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR; P < 0.05–0.001), and negatively with insulin secretion index ( P < 0.05–0.001). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that copeptin levels correlated independently with elevated HbA1c and aggravated HOMA-IR ( P < 0.001). Increase in copeptin levels may aggravate insulin resistance, finally leading to T2DM.","PeriodicalId":48511,"journal":{"name":"Facets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46619067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0047
Noémie Hermeking, Julia Priess-Buchheit
Organisations in Europe differ significantly in how they promote research integrity (RI). Higher education institutions play a pivotal role in disseminating a culture of RI and responsible conduct of research (RCR). Adhering and strengthening mentoring systems, implementing codes of conduct, and raising awareness are just a few initiatives among many to enhance students’ training in RCR. This article describes the Path2Integrity Learning Card (P2LIC) programme, a proactive training programme to foster RI. This programme was further developed in 2020 and the updated feedback loops took place in four countries (Germany, Denmark, Spain, and Poland). We outline the P2ILC development and final design, the trainer feedback on the programme from the second year of operation, and suggest future considerations for RCR training to strengthen research integrity.
{"title":"What’s integrity got to do with it? Second-year experiences of the Path2Integrity e-learning programme","authors":"Noémie Hermeking, Julia Priess-Buchheit","doi":"10.1139/facets-2021-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0047","url":null,"abstract":"Organisations in Europe differ significantly in how they promote research integrity (RI). Higher education institutions play a pivotal role in disseminating a culture of RI and responsible conduct of research (RCR). Adhering and strengthening mentoring systems, implementing codes of conduct, and raising awareness are just a few initiatives among many to enhance students’ training in RCR. This article describes the Path2Integrity Learning Card (P2LIC) programme, a proactive training programme to foster RI. This programme was further developed in 2020 and the updated feedback loops took place in four countries (Germany, Denmark, Spain, and Poland). We outline the P2ILC development and final design, the trainer feedback on the programme from the second year of operation, and suggest future considerations for RCR training to strengthen research integrity.","PeriodicalId":48511,"journal":{"name":"Facets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47191606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0062
Kira M. Hoffman, A. Christianson, Sarah Dickson-Hoyle, K. Copes‐Gerbitz, W. Nikolakis, David A. Diabo, Robin McLeod, Herman J. Michell, Abdullah Al Mamun, A. Zahara, Nicholas Mauro, Joe Gilchrist, R. M. Ross, L. Daniels
Indigenous fire stewardship enhances ecosystem diversity, assists with the management of complex resources, and reduces wildfire risk by lessening fuel loads. Although Indigenous Peoples have maintained fire stewardship practices for millennia and continue to be keepers of fire knowledge, significant barriers exist for re-engaging in cultural burning. Indigenous communities in Canada have unique vulnerabilities to large and high-intensity wildfires as they are predominately located in remote, forested regions and lack financial support at federal and provincial levels to mitigate wildfire risk. Therefore, it is critical to uphold Indigenous expertise in leading effective and socially just fire stewardship. In this perspective, we demonstrate the benefits of cultural burning and identify five key barriers to advancing Indigenous fire stewardship in Canada. We also provide calls to action to assist with reducing preconceptions and misinformation and focus on creating space and respect for different knowledges and experiences. Despite growing concerns over wildfire risk and agency-stated intentions to establish Indigenous Peoples as partners in wildfire management, power imbalances still exist. The future and coexistence with fire in Canada needs to be a shared responsibility and led by Indigenous Peoples within their territories.
{"title":"The right to burn: barriers and opportunities for Indigenous-led fire stewardship in Canada","authors":"Kira M. Hoffman, A. Christianson, Sarah Dickson-Hoyle, K. Copes‐Gerbitz, W. Nikolakis, David A. Diabo, Robin McLeod, Herman J. Michell, Abdullah Al Mamun, A. Zahara, Nicholas Mauro, Joe Gilchrist, R. M. Ross, L. Daniels","doi":"10.1139/facets-2021-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0062","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous fire stewardship enhances ecosystem diversity, assists with the management of complex resources, and reduces wildfire risk by lessening fuel loads. Although Indigenous Peoples have maintained fire stewardship practices for millennia and continue to be keepers of fire knowledge, significant barriers exist for re-engaging in cultural burning. Indigenous communities in Canada have unique vulnerabilities to large and high-intensity wildfires as they are predominately located in remote, forested regions and lack financial support at federal and provincial levels to mitigate wildfire risk. Therefore, it is critical to uphold Indigenous expertise in leading effective and socially just fire stewardship. In this perspective, we demonstrate the benefits of cultural burning and identify five key barriers to advancing Indigenous fire stewardship in Canada. We also provide calls to action to assist with reducing preconceptions and misinformation and focus on creating space and respect for different knowledges and experiences. Despite growing concerns over wildfire risk and agency-stated intentions to establish Indigenous Peoples as partners in wildfire management, power imbalances still exist. The future and coexistence with fire in Canada needs to be a shared responsibility and led by Indigenous Peoples within their territories.","PeriodicalId":48511,"journal":{"name":"Facets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49218651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0128
Magena Warrior, Lucia Fanning, A. Metaxas
This research examines the potential challenges and opportunities for Mi’kmaq, the Indigenous peoples who have inhabited modern-day Nova Scotia and other areas of Eastern Canada for millennia, to play a greater role in marine protected area (MPA) governance in Canada. Given Canada’s marine conservation objectives of 30% by 2030, there is a growing need for decisions affecting the establishment of MPAs to respect Indigenous rights, values, and knowledge. Using the Eastern Shore Islands (ESI) in Nova Scotia, Canada, an area of interest for MPA establishment, as a case study, we conducted 17 semi-structured interviews with both Mi’kmaq and non-Mi’kmaq participants involved in the ESI consultation processes. We used content analysis to identify key themes that respondents perceived to be affecting Mi’kmaq involvement in the federal MPA governance processes. Barriers to overcome included those deemed to be systemic within the current decision-making processes; limited understanding of Mi’kmaq culture, governance, and rights; limited clarity of Mi’kmaq rights, particularly those resulting in fisheries conflicts; and limited capacity. Opportunities highlighted the importance of meaningful consultation and understanding of Indigenous worldviews as well as the need for alternative approaches to state-led/top-down governance to improve Mi’kmaq participation in MPA governance in Atlantic Canada.
{"title":"Indigenous peoples and marine protected area governance: A Mi’kmaq and Atlantic Canada case study","authors":"Magena Warrior, Lucia Fanning, A. Metaxas","doi":"10.1139/facets-2021-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0128","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the potential challenges and opportunities for Mi’kmaq, the Indigenous peoples who have inhabited modern-day Nova Scotia and other areas of Eastern Canada for millennia, to play a greater role in marine protected area (MPA) governance in Canada. Given Canada’s marine conservation objectives of 30% by 2030, there is a growing need for decisions affecting the establishment of MPAs to respect Indigenous rights, values, and knowledge. Using the Eastern Shore Islands (ESI) in Nova Scotia, Canada, an area of interest for MPA establishment, as a case study, we conducted 17 semi-structured interviews with both Mi’kmaq and non-Mi’kmaq participants involved in the ESI consultation processes. We used content analysis to identify key themes that respondents perceived to be affecting Mi’kmaq involvement in the federal MPA governance processes. Barriers to overcome included those deemed to be systemic within the current decision-making processes; limited understanding of Mi’kmaq culture, governance, and rights; limited clarity of Mi’kmaq rights, particularly those resulting in fisheries conflicts; and limited capacity. Opportunities highlighted the importance of meaningful consultation and understanding of Indigenous worldviews as well as the need for alternative approaches to state-led/top-down governance to improve Mi’kmaq participation in MPA governance in Atlantic Canada.","PeriodicalId":48511,"journal":{"name":"Facets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45211876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0181
Julia M. Wright, Wendy H. Chun, A. Clarke, M. Herder, Howard Ramos
The drivers of the harassment and intimidation of researchers are complex, widespread, and global in their reach and were being studied across many disciplines even before COVID-19. This policy briefing reviews some of the scholarship on this wide-ranging problem but focuses on what can be done to help ensure that Canadians fully benefit from the work of Canada’s researchers while also preserving the security and safety of those researchers. It identifies policies and actions that can be implemented in the near term to gather information on the problem, better frame public research communications, and ensure that mechanisms are readily available to support researchers who are threatened. The policy briefing is concerned with researchers, but these behaviours are also harming journalists, politicians, public health communicators, and many others more fully in the public eye than researchers. Some recommendations here may help to address this wider problem.
{"title":"Protecting expert advice for the public: promoting safety and improved communications","authors":"Julia M. Wright, Wendy H. Chun, A. Clarke, M. Herder, Howard Ramos","doi":"10.1139/facets-2021-0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0181","url":null,"abstract":"The drivers of the harassment and intimidation of researchers are complex, widespread, and global in their reach and were being studied across many disciplines even before COVID-19. This policy briefing reviews some of the scholarship on this wide-ranging problem but focuses on what can be done to help ensure that Canadians fully benefit from the work of Canada’s researchers while also preserving the security and safety of those researchers. It identifies policies and actions that can be implemented in the near term to gather information on the problem, better frame public research communications, and ensure that mechanisms are readily available to support researchers who are threatened. The policy briefing is concerned with researchers, but these behaviours are also harming journalists, politicians, public health communicators, and many others more fully in the public eye than researchers. Some recommendations here may help to address this wider problem.","PeriodicalId":48511,"journal":{"name":"Facets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46741221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0130
G. Murphy, N. Kelly, H. Lotze, M. Wong
Cumulative human impact analysis is a promising management tool to estimate the impacts of stressors on ecosystems caused by multiple human activities. However, connecting cumulative impact scores to actual ecosystem change at appropriate spatial scales remains challenging. Here, we calculated cumulative effects (CE) scores for 187 seagrass beds in Atlantic Canada that accounts for both bay-scale and local-scale anthropogenic activities. We then developed a CE threshold to evaluate where degradation of seagrass beds from multiple human activities is more likely. Overall, the CE score was the best predictor of human impacts for seagrass beds. Locations with high watershed land alteration and nitrogen loading had the highest CE scores; however, we also identified seagrass beds with high CE scores in regions characterized by generally low levels of human activities. Forty-nine seagrass beds exceeded the CE threshold and, of these, 86% had CE scores that were influenced by three or more stressors that cumulatively amounted to a large score. This CE threshold approach can provide a simplified metric to identify areas where management of cumulative effects should be prioritized and further highlights the need to consider multiple human activities when assessing anthropogenic impacts to coastal habitats.
{"title":"Incorporating anthropogenic thresholds to improve understanding of cumulative effects on seagrass beds","authors":"G. Murphy, N. Kelly, H. Lotze, M. Wong","doi":"10.1139/facets-2021-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0130","url":null,"abstract":"Cumulative human impact analysis is a promising management tool to estimate the impacts of stressors on ecosystems caused by multiple human activities. However, connecting cumulative impact scores to actual ecosystem change at appropriate spatial scales remains challenging. Here, we calculated cumulative effects (CE) scores for 187 seagrass beds in Atlantic Canada that accounts for both bay-scale and local-scale anthropogenic activities. We then developed a CE threshold to evaluate where degradation of seagrass beds from multiple human activities is more likely. Overall, the CE score was the best predictor of human impacts for seagrass beds. Locations with high watershed land alteration and nitrogen loading had the highest CE scores; however, we also identified seagrass beds with high CE scores in regions characterized by generally low levels of human activities. Forty-nine seagrass beds exceeded the CE threshold and, of these, 86% had CE scores that were influenced by three or more stressors that cumulatively amounted to a large score. This CE threshold approach can provide a simplified metric to identify areas where management of cumulative effects should be prioritized and further highlights the need to consider multiple human activities when assessing anthropogenic impacts to coastal habitats.","PeriodicalId":48511,"journal":{"name":"Facets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43084114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0197
H. Lotze, S. Mellon, J. Coyne, Matthew w. Betts, M. Burchell, K. Fennel, Marisa A. Dusseault, S. Fuller, E. Galbraith, Lina Garcia Suarez, Laura de Gelleke, N. Golombek, B. Kelly, Sarah D. Kuehn, E. Oliver, Megan MacKinnon, Wendy Muraoka, Ian T.G. Predham, K. Rutherford, N. Shackell, O. Sherwood, E. Sibert, M. Kienast
The abundance, distribution, and size of marine species are linked to temperature and nutrient regimes and are profoundly affected by humans through exploitation and climate change. Yet little is known about long-term historical links between ocean environmental changes and resource abundance to provide context for current and potential future trends and inform conservation and management. We synthesize >4000 years of climate and marine ecosystem dynamics in a Northwest Atlantic region currently undergoing rapid changes, the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf. This period spans the late Holocene cooling and recent warming and includes both Indigenous and European influence. We compare environmental records from instrumental, sedimentary, coral, and mollusk archives with ecological records from fossils, archaeological, historical, and modern data, and integrate future model projections of environmental and ecosystem changes. This multidisciplinary synthesis provides insight into multiple reference points and shifting baselines of environmental and ecosystem conditions, and projects a near-future departure from natural climate variability in 2028 for the Scotian Shelf and 2034 for the Gulf of Maine. Our work helps advancing integrative end-to-end modeling to improve the predictive capacity of ecosystem forecasts with climate change. Our results can be used to adjust marine conservation strategies and network planning and adapt ecosystem-based management with climate change.
{"title":"Long-term ocean and resource dynamics in a hotspot of climate change","authors":"H. Lotze, S. Mellon, J. Coyne, Matthew w. Betts, M. Burchell, K. Fennel, Marisa A. Dusseault, S. Fuller, E. Galbraith, Lina Garcia Suarez, Laura de Gelleke, N. Golombek, B. Kelly, Sarah D. Kuehn, E. Oliver, Megan MacKinnon, Wendy Muraoka, Ian T.G. Predham, K. Rutherford, N. Shackell, O. Sherwood, E. Sibert, M. Kienast","doi":"10.1139/facets-2021-0197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0197","url":null,"abstract":"The abundance, distribution, and size of marine species are linked to temperature and nutrient regimes and are profoundly affected by humans through exploitation and climate change. Yet little is known about long-term historical links between ocean environmental changes and resource abundance to provide context for current and potential future trends and inform conservation and management. We synthesize >4000 years of climate and marine ecosystem dynamics in a Northwest Atlantic region currently undergoing rapid changes, the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf. This period spans the late Holocene cooling and recent warming and includes both Indigenous and European influence. We compare environmental records from instrumental, sedimentary, coral, and mollusk archives with ecological records from fossils, archaeological, historical, and modern data, and integrate future model projections of environmental and ecosystem changes. This multidisciplinary synthesis provides insight into multiple reference points and shifting baselines of environmental and ecosystem conditions, and projects a near-future departure from natural climate variability in 2028 for the Scotian Shelf and 2034 for the Gulf of Maine. Our work helps advancing integrative end-to-end modeling to improve the predictive capacity of ecosystem forecasts with climate change. Our results can be used to adjust marine conservation strategies and network planning and adapt ecosystem-based management with climate change.","PeriodicalId":48511,"journal":{"name":"Facets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47589695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0201
Isadora Louise Alves da Costa Ribeiro Quintans, Juliana Alves da Costa Ribeiro Souza, M. Deyholos
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini and Septoria linicola are causes of fusarium wilt and pasmo in flax ( Linum usitatissimum). Members of a third fungal genus, Alternaria spp., have also been found in fiber and linseed varieties of flax, and are a source of post-harvest spoilage and mycotoxins in a wide range of crops. We performed a microdilution assay and calculated the median effective concentration (EC50) to compare the potency of cyclolinopeptides (CLPs), two polyamines (spermidine and spermine), and the fungicide carbendazimin in the control of three fungi that have potential pathogenic activity ( F. oxysporum, S. linicola, and Alternaria spp), of which the first two are particulary significant causes of disease in flax. For carbendazim, all EC50 values were <0.6 μg/mL. The observed EC50 ranged from 111 to 340 μg/mL for a mixture of six unique CLPs, 109 to 778 μg/mL for spermine, and 21 to 272 μg/mL for spermidine. Spermidine was most effective against Alternaria sp., with an EC50 of 21 μg/mL. The results presented here showed that polyamines and CLPs possess limited antifungal activities against several fungi, with spermidines the most effective naturally occurring compound tested. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that CLPs act as potent antifungals against the three species of pathogens tested.
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