African Journal of Emergency Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The competency requirements for emergency medical services call takers and dispatchers - a scoping review","authors":"Wynand Van Der Net ,&nbsp;Andrew Makkink ,&nbsp;Peter Hodkinson ,&nbsp;Willem Stassen","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><strong>:</strong> An effective Emergency Medical Service (EMS) depends on a well-functioning Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD), which influences response times, resource allocation, and patient outcomes. Competent EMD staff are essential for gathering information, making rapid decisions, dispatching resources, and providing life-saving pre-arrival instructions. While high-income countries use standardized computer-aided dispatch systems, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including South Africa, lack such systems and rely on staff competencies. This scoping review sought to identify the competencies for EMD staff.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><strong>:</strong> We searched the international literature using the keywords “Emergency Medical Service”; “EMS call centre”; “competencies” and their synonyms. Two reviewers independently reviewed the identified articles. The articles were tabled highlighting findings focused on EMD system requirements; EMD staff competency requirements; education and training for EMD staff.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><strong>:</strong> Among the 35 articles identified, five (14%) originated from LMICs with no articles specifically addressing the competency requirements for staff working in an EMD. A total of 16 (46%) studies highlighted the need for qualified staff (nurses, physicians and paramedics). The use of computer aided dispatch and Medical Priority Dispatch System in an EMD was identified in 13 (37%). The review of existing programs identified eight EMD programs emphasizing effective interview and communication skills, use of technology, medical terminology, first aid, stress management, resource allocation, effective reporting and feedback. Literature showed a renewed interest in EMD research within the last 5 years, particularly in LMICs where EMS are poorly developed.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div><strong>:</strong> The scoping review highlighted a lack of evidence on the competencies and performance needs of EMD staff. While key skills such as information gathering, decision-making, and resource allocation are recognized, further research is needed to define core competencies and develop context-appropriate training, especially in LMICs where such evidence is scarce.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability of emergency drugs and essential resuscitation equipment and associated barriers in Addis Ababa Health Centers, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study","authors":"Lidia Dagne Mario,&nbsp;Yohannes Feleke,&nbsp;Finot Debebe,&nbsp;Melat Mezgebu Bawoke,&nbsp;Lidet Gizachew Amha,&nbsp;Merahi Kefyalew","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Essential medications, supplies, and equipment are crucial for emergency care; however, significant resource shortages in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia, hinder the delivery of safe services. Although research on emergency capacity analysis has been conducted at the hospital level, data from lower levels, such as health centers, are lacking, despite numerous studies recommending the development of emergency services at the primary healthcare level to reduce the burden on hospital emergency departments. Therefore, this study primarily aims to assess the availability of emergency equipment and drugs and barriers to availability in health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An explanatory sequential mixed method design study was conducted in Addis Ababa, in September 2025. Quantitative data were collected from the six health centers selected through convenience and random sampling. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select key informants for the qualitative interviews, and thematic content analysis was conducted to develop items that emerged from the transcribed information.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The survey revealed a significant gap in availability of emergency equipment and drugs. While oxygen delivery devices and infection control materials were widely available, critical equipment and essential medications like crash carts, defibrillators, digoxin, and sodium bicarbonate were largely absent. Qualitative analysis identified the barriers to be ineffective management, disjointed logistics and health system, shortage of human resource and patients’ financial constraint.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The readiness of health centers to provide emergency care in Addis Ababa is inadequate, largely due to resource shortages and systemic barriers. Urgent interventions are needed to improve emergency preparedness at the primary care level, including provision of crash carts, investment in staff training, and revision of procurement and policy frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical role of emergency departments in managing infectious disease outbreaks: Lessons from the Rwanda Marburg virus response","authors":"Appolinaire Manirafasha ,&nbsp;Jacob Carter ,&nbsp;Laurent Gamy Kamunga ,&nbsp;Ineza Nadine Vanessa ,&nbsp;Mukarugwiza Florence ,&nbsp;Doris L. Uwamahoro ,&nbsp;Nkeshimana Menelas ,&nbsp;Tsion Firew","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2024 Marburg Virus Disease outbreak in Rwanda underscored the indispensable role of Emergency Departments in the early detection, containment, and management of novel infectious diseases. As public health crises continue to grow in complexity, the Emergency Department becomes uniquely positioned to bridge the gap between clinical care and public health responses. Using lessons learned from King Faisal Hospital, Rwanda during the outbreak, this report outlines how Emergency Departments serve as frontline defenses during crisis management and identifies strategies to strengthen and enhance their preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100941"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“More fun than studying or reading a textbook” – Perceptions of a boardgame intervention on toxicology education","authors":"Carine Marks ,&nbsp;Catharina E Du Plessis ,&nbsp;Daniël J Van Hoving ,&nbsp;Heinri Zaayman","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Undifferentiated poisoning cases are common presentations to emergency departments. Clinicians are required to be familiar and up to date with the identification and management of these cases. Game-based learning is a unique educational intervention that facilitates learning and has a proven track record in toxicology education. This study sought to explore the impact of a newly designed board game (ToxiTrail™) on improving the toxicological knowledge of clinicians.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An explorative, qualitative study was performed using focus group interviews on staff working in emergency departments in Tygerberg and Khayelitsha Hospitals, and students enrolled in the Postgraduate Diploma in Medical Toxicology at Stellenbosch University. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis, developing themes related to the educational experience and optimisation of the boardgame.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty participants participated in three distinct focus group interviews. Four primary themes were constructed following the interviews, namely: Educational value and clinical relevance of the board game; Engagement and learning experience; Ideal usage scenarios and target audience; and Recommendations for improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our study showed that the boardgame intervention enhanced the learning and understanding of toxicology concepts amongst participants, identified knowledge gaps and promoted storytelling. The active engagement of the game promoted the retention of knowledge from a real-world perspective and was a fun alternative to other educational instruction methods. Furthermore, the interviews assisted in improving the boardgame.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study assessing the emergency medicine knowledge of final-year interns in the Eastern Cape, South Africa","authors":"Laurryn Ah Yui ,&nbsp;Luan Taljaard ,&nbsp;Sian Geraty","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Emergency Medicine (EM) is a nascent, but rapidly growing speciality within South Africa, encompassed by worldwide recognition of the need for improved emergency care. Although EM physicians increasing lead many larger South African Emergency Departments, the initial provision of emergent care often occurs at facilities manned by junior, non-specialist doctors, early in their career. Newly qualified doctors complete a 2-year internship phase, during which their exposure and training in EM is not standardised. Limited data regarding the impact of EM on foundation year training exists in South Africa. Therefore, a need exists to identify EM knowledge gaps at the end of internship, to direct future EM training.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study utilising an EM assessment tool previously developed via a modified Delphi study by the authors was performed. During 2022-2023, final-year interns in two cities in the Eastern Cape of South Africa were invited to participate in the assessment tool and complete a short survey on self-perceived knowledge and readiness to manage emergent conditions in their community service year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 146 interns from two sites participated in the study (representing undergraduate training from all South African medical schools). Participants scored poorly on questions regarding the assessment of acute cardiac events and resuscitation of acutely ill patients and scored highest in questions on obstetric emergencies and management of urgent, rather than emergent conditions. Interns emphasised the need for longer exposure time in EM, and the need for structured and standardised training, including the use of simulations, case-based discussions and practical skills training.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To improve the quality of emergency care in the South African public healthcare system, EM training and exposure at the internship level should be prioritised. Recommendations include instituting structured and standardised EM training within a supervised environment and further research on intern readiness to manage emergent medical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric procedural sedation and or analgesia in the emergency unit; A descriptive study of practice at a Ugandan Referral Hospital","authors":"Anna Meridah Kaguna ,&nbsp;John Mark Mayanja Kasumba ,&nbsp;Mary Ellen Lyon ,&nbsp;Jonathan Byasi ,&nbsp;Celine Jacobs ,&nbsp;Rachael Parke","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Paediatric Procedural Sedation and/ or Analgesia (PPSA) is the recommended standard of practice for children undergoing painful and distressing procedures outside the operating room; however, global practice may vary. In Sub-Saharan Africa, data on the practice of PPSA is lacking. This study aimed to determine the current practice and outcomes of PPSA in the Emergency unit of Mulago National Referral Hospital to inform future standardisation of care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a descriptive study from 1st October to 31st December 2023 in the surgical section of the emergency unit of Mulago National Referral Hospital. Data was collected using specifically designed and pretested observational checklists, documenting demographics, pre-procedure assessment and preparation, intra-procedural and post-procedural care, average sedation scores attained, pain control and adverse events observed. Data was coded using EPI-Data and analysed to describe PPSA practice and outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We recruited 183 children undergoing procedures at the surgical section of the emergency unit. Majority were male, 104(56.8 %), and the median age (IQR) was 8 (4–12)years. Most procedures performed were orthopaedic, 149(81.4 %). Only 15(8.2 %) children got both sedation and analgesia, 4(2.2 %) got sedation only while 164(89.6 %) got analgesia only. Propofol was the most used sedative, while lignocaine with paracetamol was the most used analgesia. Most children, 92(50.3 %), had pain scores ≥8, and adverse events occurred in 6(3.3 %), all of whom belonged to the sedation and analgesia group. Anaesthetic officers were the primary providers in 75 % of the sedation-only cases and 46.7 % of the sedation and analgesia group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PPSA practice in this Emergency setting deviates from recommended standards with limited monitoring and inadequate pain control. The clustering of adverse events among children receiving both sedation and analgesia underscores safety risks. Safer sedative choices, clear provider roles, local guidelines, and targeted training are needed to improve the safety and quality of PPSA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100929"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing junior doctors' knowledge and attitude on advanced life support in Egypt: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Yasser Ahmed Khalid ,&nbsp;Mohamed Bosily Saad ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ezzat Nasreddin","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with cardiac arrest survival heavily dependent on timely and effective resuscitation efforts. Junior doctors often serve as first responders in hospitals, yet their advanced life support (ALS) knowledge and training adequacy remain underinvestigated in Egypt. This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of junior doctors in Egypt regarding basic life support (BLS) and ALS, identified knowledge gaps, and suggests improvements in resuscitation training programs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 184 junior doctors, including house officers, general practitioners, and residents, across multiple healthcare centres in Egypt. Data was collected via an online questionnaire based on European Resuscitation Council guidelines, evaluating demographic factors, BLS/ALS knowledge, and attitudes toward cardiac arrest management. Statistical analysis explored associations between knowledge scores and participant characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants demonstrated inadequate knowledge with mean BLS and ALS scores of 59 % and 61.8 %, respectively. Significant deficiencies were noted in pediatric resuscitation, cardiac arrest diagnosis, IV access, and capnography interpretation. Residents and those attending ALS workshops scored significantly higher (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), while prior clinical exposure did not correlate with higher knowledge scores. Most participants (91.3%) expressed a need for further ALS training.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Junior doctors in Egypt show deficient ALS knowledge with critical gaps that may impact patient outcomes. Structured ALS training and curriculum reforms are urgently needed to enhance emergency preparedness and improve cardiac arrest survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100927"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prehospital care utilization and associated factors among trauma patients during armed conflict: A mixed-methods study in west Amhara, Ethiopia referral hospitals","authors":"Temesgen Ayenew ,&nbsp;Mengistu Abebe Messelu ,&nbsp;Haile Amha ,&nbsp;Mamaru Getie Fetene ,&nbsp;Fentahun Minwuyelet Yitayew ,&nbsp;Anteneh Belayneh ,&nbsp;Abere Kassie ,&nbsp;Getinet Nibret ,&nbsp;Bekele Getenet Tiruneh","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prehospital care is vital for reducing mortality from traumatic injuries, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study determined prehospital care utilization and associated factors among trauma patients in referral hospitals in West Amhara, Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A concurrent triangulation mixed-methods design was employed from March–August 2024 in Debre Markos, Tibebe Ghion, and Felege Hiwot hospitals. Quantitative data were collected from 518 trauma patients via questionnaire, with proportional allocation based on patient flow, and analyzed using logistic regression to identify factors associated with prehospital care use. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals and trauma patients, reported in line with the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. Reflexive thematic analysis guided by the WHO Emergency Care System Framework was used, integrating quantitative and qualitative findings while maintaining reflexivity to understand prehospital care utilization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prehospital care utilization rate was 49.8 %. The majority of patients (84.2 %) arrived at hospitals via taxi or on foot, reflecting reliance on non-EMS transport. Rural residence (AOR = 4.80), lower education (AOR = 0.54), violence/quarrel-related injuries (AOR = 2.60), motor vehicle accidents (AOR = 2.00), gunshot injuries (AOR = 8.61), and penetrating injuries (AOR = 0.34) were significantly associated with prehospital care use.</div></div><div><h3>Qualitative findings revealed challenges across four themes</h3><div>Limited awareness and lack of emergency communication systems during initial contact and dispatch (<em>Scene</em>); scarce ambulances, long response times, and reliance on non-EMS transport in prehospital treatment and transportation (<em>Transport</em>); resource and personnel shortages that indirectly affect prehospital response within facility-based emergency care linkages (<em>Facility</em>); and the need for <em>Advocacy and Public Education.</em></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Prehospital care utilization is sub-optimal, influenced by sociodemographic and injury-related factors. Qualitative insights reveal systemic and community challenges that warrant further investigation through larger, more representative studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100931"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the availability, effectiveness, and impact of primary trauma care training in Sub-Saharan Africa: A comprehensive review","authors":"Cherinet Osebo ,&nbsp;Tarek Razek ,&nbsp;Victoria Munthali ,&nbsp;Respicious Boniface","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), contributing to over 90 % of global injury-related deaths. Limited healthcare infrastructure, insufficient access to skilled healthcare professionals, and resource constraints exacerbate the trauma burden. While Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) has demonstrated effectiveness in high-income settings, its high cost and limited adaptability make it less feasible in SSA. The Primary Trauma Care (PTC) course offers a cost-effective and context-appropriate alternative to ATLS. However, its implementation and impact in SSA remain underexplored. This review evaluates the availability, effectiveness, impact, and affordability of PTC courses in SSA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature review was conducted across Medline, PubMed, Embase, and African Journals Online to identify studies on PTC training in SSA. Studies examining PTC's impact on injury management, knowledge, skills, patient outcomes, and cost-effectiveness were included. Inclusion criteria focused on studies conducted between 2000 and 2024 in SSA, with a focus on PTC implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four published PTC training studies were identified in both urban and rural settings across SSA, highlighting significant underutilization due to limited funding, infrastructure challenges, and insufficient institutional support. Among 2758 trainees, the majority were nurses (1625, 58.9 %) and clinical officers (1624, 58.8 %), followed by physicians (979, 35.5 %) and medical students (155, 5.6 %). Three studies demonstrated significant improvements in participants' knowledge, confidence, and skills. One study reported a reduction in trauma-related mortality rates. However, only one study directly assessed patient outcomes, indicating a gap in evaluating long-term impacts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of PTC training in SSA, offering novel insights into its effectiveness and addressing critical gaps in trauma care research for resource-limited settings. The findings demonstrate that PTC significantly enhances trauma care knowledge, confidence, and departmental capacity, making it a cost-effective and scalable training program for resource-constrained settings. However, the limited scope and frequency of PTC courses call for policymakers to prioritize expanding access to these programs and integrating them into national trauma care strategies. Collaborative efforts are needed to secure funding, increase institutional support, and conduct more institution-based studies to evaluate the long-term impact of PTC on patient outcomes, morbidity, and quality of life in SSA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial - AfJEM Dec 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.afjem.2025.100930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48515,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"15 4","pages":"Article 100930"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}