Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1134/s0032945223070032
A. O. Kasumyan, D. S. Pavlov
Abstract
Data on the size and shape of fish schools, number, size, and species composition of individuals included in them have been considered. The largest schools, numbering up to hundreds of thousands of individuals or more, are formed by mass marine pelagic fish. The shape of fish schools of the same species is extremely diverse and changes rapidly, depending on the age and size of the fish, their mobility, condition, and other features. The classification of schools has been given—migrating (polarized), feeding, spherical (globular) and others. Schools can become denser or sparse, change the depth of swimming, break up and joint with neighboring ones. The variability of the linear sizes of fish schools and the number of individuals included in them reflects the high plasticity of schooling behavior and its susceptibility to the influence of various factors. Schools are characterized by high homogeneity of the species and size composition of fish and the absence of individual differences in fish. In some cases, schools may consist predominantly of female or male fish. Uniformity is the most important characteristic of fish schools and indicates assortativeness when fish unite into schools. The greatest homogeneity is characteristic of migrating schools of pelagic fish. Multi-species schools are most often formed by juvenile fish.
{"title":"Size, Shape, Numbers and Composition of Fish Schools","authors":"A. O. Kasumyan, D. S. Pavlov","doi":"10.1134/s0032945223070032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0032945223070032","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Data on the size and shape of fish schools, number, size, and species composition of individuals included in them have been considered. The largest schools, numbering up to hundreds of thousands of individuals or more, are formed by mass marine pelagic fish. The shape of fish schools of the same species is extremely diverse and changes rapidly, depending on the age and size of the fish, their mobility, condition, and other features. The classification of schools has been given—migrating (polarized), feeding, spherical (globular) and others. Schools can become denser or sparse, change the depth of swimming, break up and joint with neighboring ones. The variability of the linear sizes of fish schools and the number of individuals included in them reflects the high plasticity of schooling behavior and its susceptibility to the influence of various factors. Schools are characterized by high homogeneity of the species and size composition of fish and the absence of individual differences in fish. In some cases, schools may consist predominantly of female or male fish. Uniformity is the most important characteristic of fish schools and indicates assortativeness when fish unite into schools. The greatest homogeneity is characteristic of migrating schools of pelagic fish. Multi-species schools are most often formed by juvenile fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":48537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ichthyology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138689738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1134/s0032945223050089
E. A. Poezzhalova-Chegodaeva
Abstract
Plastic and meristic traits, arrangement of teeth attached to jaw bones, and coloration in the antlered sculpin from Taui Bay, Sea of Okhotsk are considered. The data on allometric variability in plastic traits of this species are first reported. It has been proven that the most traits antlered sculpin are susceptible to variation in positive allometry (head proportions and fin sizes), while negative allometry can be observed only in several traits (the head length, the length of upper preopercular spine, and the maximum height of occipital ridge). A range of traits unsuscepyible to allometry of orbit diameter, distance from the orbit posterior edge and the occipital ridge posterior edge, predorsal distance, base length of pectoral fin, and length of caudal peduncle are revealed. The significant taxonomic traits including length of upper preopercular spine, interorbital width, and form and arrangement of lacrimale outgrowths are identified.
{"title":"Some Data on Morphology of Antlered Sculpin Enophrys diceraus (Cottidae) from Taui Bay, Sea of Okhotsk","authors":"E. A. Poezzhalova-Chegodaeva","doi":"10.1134/s0032945223050089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0032945223050089","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Plastic and meristic traits, arrangement of teeth attached to jaw bones, and coloration in the antlered sculpin from Taui Bay, Sea of Okhotsk are considered. The data on allometric variability in plastic traits of this species are first reported. It has been proven that the most traits antlered sculpin are susceptible to variation in positive allometry (head proportions and fin sizes), while negative allometry can be observed only in several traits (the head length, the length of upper preopercular spine, and the maximum height of occipital ridge). A range of traits unsuscepyible to allometry of orbit diameter, distance from the orbit posterior edge and the occipital ridge posterior edge, predorsal distance, base length of pectoral fin, and length of caudal peduncle are revealed. The significant taxonomic traits including length of upper preopercular spine, interorbital width, and form and arrangement of lacrimale outgrowths are identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":48537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ichthyology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138629936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}