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Size, Shape, Numbers and Composition of Fish Schools 鱼群的大小、形状、数量和组成
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1134/s0032945223070032
A. O. Kasumyan, D. S. Pavlov

Abstract

Data on the size and shape of fish schools, number, size, and species composition of individuals included in them have been considered. The largest schools, numbering up to hundreds of thousands of individuals or more, are formed by mass marine pelagic fish. The shape of fish schools of the same species is extremely diverse and changes rapidly, depending on the age and size of the fish, their mobility, condition, and other features. The classification of schools has been given—migrating (polarized), feeding, spherical (globular) and others. Schools can become denser or sparse, change the depth of swimming, break up and joint with neighboring ones. The variability of the linear sizes of fish schools and the number of individuals included in them reflects the high plasticity of schooling behavior and its susceptibility to the influence of various factors. Schools are characterized by high homogeneity of the species and size composition of fish and the absence of individual differences in fish. In some cases, schools may consist predominantly of female or male fish. Uniformity is the most important characteristic of fish schools and indicates assortativeness when fish unite into schools. The greatest homogeneity is characteristic of migrating schools of pelagic fish. Multi-species schools are most often formed by juvenile fish.

摘要 我们研究了鱼群的大小和形状,以及其中个体的数量、大小和物种组成。最大的鱼群由大量海洋中上层鱼类组成,数量可达数十万甚至更多。同一物种的鱼群形状极为多样,变化迅速,取决于鱼的年龄和大小、活动能力、状态和其他特征。鱼群的分类有迁徙(极化)、觅食、球形(球状)等。鱼群会变得密集或稀疏、改变游动深度、解体或与邻近鱼群联合。鱼群的线性大小和个体数量的变化反映了鱼群行为的高度可塑性和易受各种因素影响的特点。鱼群的特点是鱼的种类和大小组成高度一致,鱼的个体差异不大。在某些情况下,鱼群可能主要由雌鱼或雄鱼组成。均匀性是鱼群最重要的特征,表明鱼群联合成群时的同类性。中上层鱼类洄游鱼群的同质性最强。多物种鱼群多由幼鱼组成。
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引用次数: 0
Some Data on Morphology of Antlered Sculpin Enophrys diceraus (Cottidae) from Taui Bay, Sea of Okhotsk 关于鄂霍次克海大井湾鳗鲡(鳕科)形态的一些数据
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1134/s0032945223050089
E. A. Poezzhalova-Chegodaeva

Abstract

Plastic and meristic traits, arrangement of teeth attached to jaw bones, and coloration in the antlered sculpin from Taui Bay, Sea of Okhotsk are considered. The data on allometric variability in plastic traits of this species are first reported. It has been proven that the most traits antlered sculpin are susceptible to variation in positive allometry (head proportions and fin sizes), while negative allometry can be observed only in several traits (the head length, the length of upper preopercular spine, and the maximum height of occipital ridge). A range of traits unsuscepyible to allometry of orbit diameter, distance from the orbit posterior edge and the occipital ridge posterior edge, predorsal distance, base length of pectoral fin, and length of caudal peduncle are revealed. The significant taxonomic traits including length of upper preopercular spine, interorbital width, and form and arrangement of lacrimale outgrowths are identified.

摘要研究了鄂霍次克海陶伊湾鹿角雕塑的可塑性和分生特征、颌骨上的牙齿排列和颜色。本文首次报道了该树种塑性性状的异速变异数据。事实证明,鹿角雕的大部分性状易受正异速变化的影响(头部比例和鳍大小),而负异速变化仅在头长、上眼前棘长和枕脊最大高度等几个性状中存在。眼眶直径、眼眶后缘与枕脊后缘的距离、前背距、胸鳍基部长度、尾柄长度等不受异速变化的影响。主要的分类特征包括上眼前棘的长度、眶间宽度和泪腺生长物的形态和排列。
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引用次数: 0
On Widening the Hybrid Zone for Chars of Genus Salvelinus, Kundscha S. leucomaenis and Northern Dolly Varden S. malma (Salmonidae), in Rivers of Kamchatka Peninsula 关于扩大堪察加半岛河流中 Salvelinus、Kundscha S. leucomaenis 和 Northern Dolly Varden S. malma(鲑鱼科)种群的杂交区
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1134/s0032945223060085
K. V. Kuzishchin, M. A. Gruzdeva, A. V. Semenova

Abstract

The data on widening the zone for hybridization between the chars of the genus Salvelinus, kundscha S. leucomaenis and northern dolly varden S. malma (Salmonidae), in rivers of the Kamchatka Peninsula are reported. If the hybrids between the kundscha and the northern dolly varden could be previously observed only in the Utkholok River in the northwest of the peninsula, the mass hybridization between these species have occurred in two more nearby rivers, the Kvachina and Snatolveem Rivers since 2009. A microsatellite analysis has shown that hybrid specimens are characterized by intermediate values for allelic diversity, when compared to that in the representatives of parental species, while the mean expected heterozygosity values for hybrids are higher than that in Dolly Varden and kundscha fish. The analysis results for maternal inheritance in hybrid specimens from the Kvachina River coincide with that obtained in the surveys previously performed in the Utkholok River. Thus, the same haplotype specific for the kundscha fish was revealed in all the hybrid specimens, which can indicate that the hybrids originate from kundscha females and Dolly Varden males. The appearance and coloration of kundscha × northern dolly varden hybrids in the Kvachina and Snatolveem Rivers are similar to that in the specimens in the Utkholok River. Rather similar chacteristics of hybrid specimens in all three rivers can give reason to consider that a mechanism of their occurrence in the Kvachina and Snatolveem Rivers is simalr to that in the Utkholok River, since the kundscha eggs are inseminated by the Dolly Varden dwarf males. The increased local biological production of rivers due to increased sizes of spawning stocks of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha along with large-scale climate changes in the North Pacific are considered as a possible cause of disturbances of isolation between species. It is quite probable that these two factors have contributed to improving the environmental conditions for fattening the Dolly Varden fish in the freshwater phase of their life cycle and, as a resultl of this process, increasing the number of Dolly Varden male fish matuaring in the river.

摘要/ abstract摘要:报道了堪察加半岛河流中鲑属(Salvelinus)鲑属(kundscha S. leucomaenis)和北方鲑科(north dolly varden S. malma)鲑属鲑的杂交区扩大情况。如果说昆沙河和北多莉瓦登河之间的杂交以前只能在半岛西北部的乌特霍洛克河中观察到,那么自2009年以来,这些物种之间的大规模杂交已经在附近的两条河流中发生,即克瓦奇纳河和斯特纳尔维姆河。微卫星分析表明,与亲本物种相比,杂交种的等位基因多样性处于中等水平,而杂交种的平均期望杂合度高于多莉瓦尔登鱼和昆沙鱼。克瓦奇纳河杂交标本的母系遗传分析结果与以前在乌特霍洛克河进行的调查结果一致。因此,在所有的杂交标本中都发现了相同的单倍型,这表明杂交种起源于昆沙雌鱼和多莉瓦尔登雄鱼。在Kvachina河和Snatolveem河中发现的昆沙和北方多利杂交品种的外观和颜色与在Utkholok河中发现的样品相似。在所有三条河流中杂交标本的相似特征可以让我们有理由认为它们在Kvachina和Snatolveem河中的发生机制与Utkholok河中的相似,因为昆沙卵是由多莉瓦尔登侏儒雄鱼受精的。粉红鲑鱼产卵量的增加以及北太平洋大规模的气候变化导致河流的局部生物产量增加,被认为是物种间隔离干扰的可能原因。这两个因素很可能改善了多利瓦登鱼在淡水阶段的育肥环境条件,并因此增加了多利瓦登雄鱼在河流中成熟的数量。
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引用次数: 0
Diurnal Rhythm of Schooling Behavior of Fish 鱼类求学行为的昼夜节律
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s003294522307007x
A. Kasumyan, D. S. Pavlov
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引用次数: 0
Schooling Behavior and Feeding of Fish 鱼类的求学行为和觅食
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s003294522307010x
A. Kasumyan, D. S. Pavlov
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Environmental Factors and the Condition of Fish on Schooling Behavior 环境因素和鱼的状态对求学行为的影响
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0032945223070123
A. Kasumyan, D. S. Pavlov
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引用次数: 0
Protective Function of a Fish School 鱼群的保护功能
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0032945223070093
A. Kasumyan, D. S. Pavlov
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引用次数: 0
Notes on Hermaphroditism in the Baltic Herring Clupea harengus membras (Clupeidae) in the Gulf of Finland 关于芬兰湾波罗的海鲱鱼 Clupea harengus membras(Clupeidae)雌雄同体的说明
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0032945223060097
A. F. Kuznetsov
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引用次数: 0
Internal Structure of a Fish School 鱼群的内部结构
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0032945223070044
A. Kasumyan, D. S. Pavlov
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of Diversity of Spined Loaches of Genus Cobitis (Cobitidae) of Trans-Caucasus in the Anthropogenic Period According to the Data of Museum Collections. II. Morphokaryological Variation, Taxonomic Status, and Diagnostic Characteristics of Adjaran Spined Loaches 根据博物馆收藏的数据,人类活动时期外高加索地区刺鳅属(Cobitidae)的多样性动态。II.阿贾兰棘鳅的形态学变异、分类地位和诊断特征
IF 0.7 4区 生物学 Q4 FISHERIES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0032945223060164
E. D. Vasil’eva, V. Vasil'ev
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Ichthyology
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