Sleep Health最新文献

Objectives: This study sought to bolster current understanding of population-level impact of large-scale societal events through examination of reported sleep disruption surrounding the 2024 U.S. presidential election and demographic factors associated with these disruptions.

Methods: Data collected by National Sleep Foundation from a nationally representative random sample of 991 U.S. adults were analyzed. The study survey included questions on election-related sleep disruptions, sleep quality, and sleep duration. The results were compared to a previously analyzed nationally representative random sample (N = 1364) that examined the same trends prior to the election.

Results: In the immediate aftermath of the 2024 U.S. presidential election, 17% of U.S. adults endorsed experiencing a negative impact on their sleep. Significant group differences were found based on political affiliation, education, and other demographics, and differences between pre- and post-election samples were observed, with significantly less Republican (χ² = 39.12, p < .001) and Independent (χ² = 5.59, p = .02) individuals and significantly more Democrat-affiliated individuals (χ² = 22.54, p < .001) reporting post-election.

Conclusions: Following the 2024 U.S. presidential election, a significant number of U.S. adults reported a negative impact on their sleep health. These results were consistent with other investigations that showed the effects of stressful, large-scale societal events on sleep. These negative impacts were particularly observed in specific sub-populations. Future studies and public health action are needed to better understand and address disruptions to sleep and sleep health that can accompany major sociopolitical events.

Objectives: Many communities in the United States are delaying school start times to improve youth sleep. Racial disparities exist in sleep. The extent to which school start times are associated with racial disparities in sleep is unclear, especially in early adolescent populations that are not the focus of research on school start times. This study examined the associations between school start times and actigraphy-assessed sleep, including duration, onset, and offset times among a national sample of racially diverse early adolescents.

Methods: In a national sample of 3522 early adolescents (M_age = 11.49, SD_age = 0.50; 2123 (60.3%) non-Hispanic White, 316 (8.7%) Black or African American, 768 (21.6%) Hispanic or Latinx American, 104 (2.9%) Asian American, 110 (3.0%) White-Black biracial, and 125 (3.5%) White-Asian biracial) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, links between school start times and sleep duration, onset, and offset times (mean levels, variability) were estimated by racialized groups, accounting for covariates.

Results: Later school start times were associated with longer weekday and weekend sleep duration, later onset, and later offset (βs = 0.087 -0.145, ps < .005) among White early adolescents. Among Latinx early adolescents, the association between school start times and weekday sleep duration was weaker compared with White adolescents (b = -0.088, SE = 0.029, p = .03). School start times were unrelated to sleep duration for other racially minoritized early adolescents (βs = -0.124 to 0.124).

Conclusions: The benefits of later school start times for sleep duration were only evidenced for White early adolescents. This study highlights the value of including school start times as a determinant of sleep health equity.

Objectives: Sleep health is essential for health promotion and disease prevention. In the United States, rural communities face unique challenges (e.g., low access to health-promoting resources like food options, healthcare, and social services due to geographic isolation) that may exacerbate sleep disturbances. Yet, sleep in this group is rarely characterized. Therefore, we sought to perform a descriptive study of sleep health characteristics among children and adults living in rural counties in the United States.

Methods: Reported sleep duration (among adults only) and disturbances such as nonrestorative sleep (among children and adults) were described by age group using cross-sectional data from the 2020 and 2022 National Health Interview Survey. We additionally assessed differences in sleep by sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status) using Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (PR [95% CI]).

Results: Among 1429 children and 8673 adults, sleep disturbances were prevalent across all age groups. As age increased among children, sleep disturbances were more prevalent, while consistent bed and wake times were less prevalent. Consistent disparities emerged among 6-13-year-olds, including higher sleep disturbances among children with lower vs. higher socioeconomic status. Sex disparities occurred among adolescents (14-17 years old). Among adults (≥18 years old), sleep duration and disturbances varied across all sociodemographic characteristics, with generally higher prevalence among groups with adverse social conditions (e.g., divorced/separated/widowed; low socioeconomic status).

Conclusion: Sleep disturbances and disparities are prevalent among rural populations, particularly among children aged 6-13 years and adults.

Objectives: This paper investigates the trajectory and potential predictors of sleep quality across 13 waves of data on 5 European populations from April 2020-September 2024.

Methods: Data are based on the ongoing COME-HERE survey, a comprehensive longitudinal study designed to capture the socioeconomic, health, and psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic across multiple European countries, including 8063 participants and over 60,000 observations drawn from representative samples in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden.

Results: Our findings reveal an upward trend in average sleep quality over time, with fluctuations that align with major COVID-19 waves, suggesting pandemic-related disruptions to typical seasonal sleep patterns. Through multivariate regression analysis, female gender, income, employment, physical activity, mental health, and social interactions are key predictors of sleep quality, with financial security and mental health showing particularly strong associations. Importantly, our results hold across diverse groups (by country, gender, age, and education) and remain consistent from the height of the pandemic through to the postpandemic period, supporting the enduring influence of mental health, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors on sleep quality.

Conclusions: Our study highlights the complex interplay between social determinants, mental health, and lifestyles in shaping sleep quality in the general population, regardless of geographic context and the potential impact of major public health emergencies such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. These findings further emphasize the need for greater attention to sleep health in both clinical and public health settings.

Objectives: To assess differences and potential measurement bias in adolescent sleep duration, we compared self-report and actigraphy-assessed sleep duration in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (age 15 wave).

Methods: Participants (N = 634; mean age 15.4 years; 51% Black, 30% Hispanic, and 18% White) self-reported typical weekday and weekend bedtimes and waketimes before wearing a wrist actigraph for 1 week. Linear regression models estimated concordance between self-reported and actigraphy-assessed sleep duration overall and stratified by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (primary caregiver education and household income-to-poverty threshold ratio). Agreement of sleep duration categories [short (<8 hours), recommended (8-10 hours), and long (>10 hours)] was estimated using Kappa statistics.

Results: Self-reported sleep duration overestimated actigraphy-assessed duration by 27.87 minutes (95% CI: 34.96, 20.78) after adjustment. Agreement between duration categories was 73% (ƙw = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.18). The mean difference was larger on weekends (74.3 ± 144.7 minutes) than weekdays (27.5 ± 92.7 minutes). Within-group analyses showed self-reported duration overestimated actigraphy-assessed duration for Black adolescents and those with lower socioeconomic status (i.e., primary caregivers with a high school education or less).

Conclusions: Reliance on self-report may misclassify sleep duration and underestimate insufficient sleep, particularly in marginalized groups, underscoring the need to understand measurement bias when objective measures are unavailable.

Objective: The transition from adolescence to young adulthood, a period marked with changes to one's biology and social context, may be an important period for establishing long-term sleep behaviors. The present study identified changes in weekday and weekend sleep duration, trouble sleeping, and fatigue from adolescence to young adulthood, and evaluated sex and socioeconomic status differences in these sleep measures.

Methods: Study participants (N = 1559) completed surveys in adolescence (2010; M_age = 14.3) and young adulthood (2018; M_age = 22.0). Mixed linear and logistic regression models were used to assess differences in sleep metrics at each time point and over time, and differences based on sex and socioeconomic status.

Results: Around 43% of adolescents were not meeting minimum weekday sleep recommendations and average weekday sleep duration was shorter in adolescence (8.1 hours) compared to young adulthood (8.3 hours). During adolescence, the low socioeconomic status group had the shortest weekday sleep duration compared to other socioeconomic status groups, but by young adulthood, all socioeconomic status groups slept for similar durations. Although longer sleep duration was reported on average in young adulthood, a greater proportion of young adults, compared to adolescents, reported fatigue and trouble sleeping. The low socioeconomic status group and females reported more fatigue and trouble sleeping than their counterparts at both adolescence and in young adulthood.

Conclusions: Findings suggest a need for sleep interventions that prioritize weekday sleep duration in adolescence, particularly among low socioeconomic status groups, and in young adulthood, there is a need to address fatigue and trouble sleeping, particularly among females.

Objectives: Sleep is a common concern raised at well-child visits, which may stem in part from parental uncertainty around what is expected for toddler sleep. Despite recent attempts to classify normative sleep using large samples, there are notable gaps in existing studies and how they inform parental sleep expectations. Most studies use parent reports and community samples that likely include children with developmental concerns. Thus, we aimed to characterize variations that parents can expect for sleep within typical development.

Methods: Nighttime sleep patterns of typical development toddlers were explored using videosomnography, a video-based measure of sleep behaviors. Participants included 71 toddlers (female n=31, 44%; White n=60, 85%) drawn from 2 larger prospective studies. In this cross-sectional sample, sleep was recorded in the home at 18 (n=15), 24 (n=36), or 36 (n=20) months, and toddlers were classified as typical development at 30 or 36 months based on detailed developmental monitoring.

Results: Children woke .65 times per night on average, ranging from 0-2.75. For children with wakings, the average duration per waking was 17.09 minutes (range = 2.0-128.50 minutes). Children required parental intervention to fall back to sleep for 49% of wakings. Most children fell asleep and woke in their own bed (95%) and did not have a parent present at sleep onset (88%).

Conclusions: Behaviors such as night waking can be a normative part of early development for toddlers without developmental concerns. Findings from our study may be useful for helping families set realistic expectations about their child's sleep during toddlerhood.