Sleep Health最新文献

Study objectives: COVID-19 mobility restrictions disrupted daily rhythms worldwide, but how this rhythm disruption differs across age groups is unclear. We examined the course of age-related differences in trajectories of rest-activity rhythm during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and reopening in Singapore. We also evaluated the association of these patterns with mental well-being.

Methods: 24-hour step count data (Fitbit) were obtained from 617 younger (age range: 21-40) and 602 older adults (age range: 55-70) from January 2020 (baseline) through lockdown (April 2020) and reopening periods until August 2021. Nonparametric rest-activity rhythm metrics: interdaily stability, intradaily variability and most active 10-hour period (M10) were computed. Longitudinal changes in rest-activity rhythm, age-related differences in changes, and the associations between mental well-being and these changes were assessed using nonlinear latent-growth models.

Results: In younger adults, mobility restrictions during lockdown caused significant decline in interdaily stability and M10, alongside significant increase in intradaily variability. However, in older adults, changes were confined to increased intradaily variability and decreased M10. Older adults also showed less change in intradaily variability and M10 compared to younger adults. Gradual recovery of rest-activity rhythm metrics during reopening was observed, with interdaily stability and M10 remaining lower after 15months post-lockdown. In younger but not older adults, a larger decline in interdaily stability was associated with poorer mental well-being 15months post-lockdown.

Conclusion: Younger adults appear more vulnerable than older adults to mobility restrictions as reflected in their rest-activity rhythm metrics. A significant disruption of daily routine may have long-lasting effects on younger adults' mental well-being.

Statement of significance: Although stringent mobility restrictions imposed to curb the spread of COVID-19 were imposed primarily to protect older adults, we found that younger adults were more vulnerable to rhythm disruption arising from mobility restrictions. Disrupted rhythm stability was associated with poorer mental well-being 15months after the lockdown ended in younger but not older adults. These asymmetric long-term effects on mental health on younger relative to older adults should be kept in mind when planning for large-scale catastrophes linked to mobility restrictions.

Objectives: Neighborhood social cohesion or living in communities characterized by trust and social ties may mitigate sleep disparities among sexual minoritized vs. heterosexual persons; but its relation to sleep health is understudied among sexual minoritized groups. To investigate associations between perceived neighborhood social cohesion and sleep health among adult US men and women who identified as "lesbian or gay, bisexual, or something else," we used cross-sectional National Health Interview Survey data (2013-2018).

Methods: Participants reported neighborhood social cohesion (categorized as low or medium vs. high) and sleep characteristics. Adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and residential characteristics, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals for poor sleep.

Results: Among 4666 sexual minoritized adults, 44% reported low, 32% medium, and 24% high neighborhood social cohesion. Women, minoritized racial/ethnic groups, and young adults disproportionately reported low neighborhood social cohesion. Overall, low vs. high neighborhood social cohesion was associated with a higher prevalence of short sleep (PR=1.27 [95% confidence interval:1.11-1.45]) and all sleep disturbances (e.g., PR_{insomnia symptoms}=1.36 [1.19-1.55]). PRs were often higher as intersectionality or membership to multiple minoritized groups increased.

Conclusions: Lower perceived neighborhood social cohesion was associated with poorer sleep. Fostering community cohesiveness may mitigate sleep disparities among sexual minoritized adults.

Objective: To explore the association between sleep duration and death from chronic kidney disease in the general Japanese population.

Methods: We conducted an 19.3-year follow-up study of 40,272 men and 54,902 women aged 40-79years and free of renal disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk at baseline (between 1986 and 1990). Sleep duration was categorized into five groups: <6, 6 to <7, 7 to <8, 8 to <9, and ≥9 hours per day. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the association between sleep duration and death from chronic kidney disease.

Results: Compared with persons with 7 to <8 hours sleep duration, those who slept 8 to <9 hours (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05-1.88) or ≥9hours (HR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.28-2.58) per day had a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease mortality. This association was particularly pronounced in individuals aged younger than 65years.

Conclusions: Sleep duration of 8 or more hours per day was associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease mortality in the general Japanese population.

Objectives: A growing body of work documents a link between indices of social connectedness and sleep health. Sleep is implicated in the chronic health conditions which disproportionately affect American Indian adults, however the relationship between social connectedness and sleep health is largely understudied in this population. The current project investigates relationships between multiple indices of social connectedness and sleep health in a sample of American Indian adults.

Methods: In a sample of 275 American Indian adults residing in the Blackfeet Nation in Montana, we investigated links between social networks, loneliness, existential isolation (i.e., feeling alone in one's experiences) and sleep health. We used one linear regression model controlling for demographics and symptoms of anxiety and depression to investigate the relationship between measures of social connectedness and sleep health.

Results: Existential isolation was the only statistically significant predictors of sleep health, with higher existential isolation relating to worse sleep health.

Conclusion: Existential isolation may be a particularly important measure of social connectedness in American Indian adults. More research is needed to understand precursors of existential isolation and the mechanisms contributing to the relationship between existential isolation and sleep health in Blackfeet American Indian adults.

Objectives: To investigate the association of infant sleep and sleep trajectories through the first year of life with infant neurodevelopment.

Methods: This study was conducted with 3251 infants in China. Sleep parameters were evaluated by the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire at 42days, 6months, and 1year of age. Neurodevelopment was evaluated at 1year of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. The latent variable growth curve model was used to evaluate the developmental trajectories of infant sleep, including total sleep duration trajectories, night awakening trajectories and sleep onset latency trajectories. Poisson regression was applied to assess the association between sleep parameters and sleep trajectories and infant neurodevelopment.

Results: Infants with frequent night awakenings at 6months had a higher risk of nonoptimal gross motor development. Additionally, infants with prolonged sleep onset latency at 1year had an increased risk of nonoptimal fine and gross motor development. A consistent frequent night-awakening trajectory increased the risk of nonoptimal gross motor development (adjusted relative risk, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 2.10). Furthermore, an increasing trajectory in sleep onset latency was associated with an increased risk of nonoptimal fine (adjusted relative risk, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 6.51) and gross motor development (adjusted relative risk, 2.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.70 to 4.48). However, no significant association was observed between total sleep duration, or its trajectory, and infant neurodevelopment.

Conclusions: Sleep problems or specific sleep trajectories during the initial year of life may increase risk of compromised neurodevelopment.

Objectives: Drowsy driving is a preventable form of impaired driving, represents a large public health concern, and accounts for a significant proportion of motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and deaths. There is a limited body of research documenting the prevalence and frequency of drowsy driving, alongside the public's perceptions and attitudes surrounding drowsy driving. The overarching goal of the present study was to document the prevalence, frequency, perceptions, attitudes, and associated sleep behaviors and beliefs related to drowsy driving.

Methods: The National Sleep Foundation conducted a national online survey of 1012 adults via the probability-based Ipsos Public Affairs KnowledgePanel. The survey was conducted in either English or Spanish, depending on participant preferred language. Respondents answered questions about the occurrence of drowsy driving, attitudes and beliefs about drowsy driving, and habitual sleep duration.

Results: Results indicated that the majority of US adults (95%) perceived drowsy driving as a risk; however, the lifetime prevalence of drowsy driving was high-62% of all drivers reported driving while so tired that they had a hard time keeping their eyes open. Individuals who obtained the NSF recommended sleep duration drove while drowsy less frequently.

Conclusions: Drowsy driving is a preventable and common behavior at the intersection of sleep health and public safety. Drivers who get adequate nighttime sleep are less likely to drive while they are so tired that they have a hard time keeping their eyes open. Public health campaigns encouraging adequate sleep to drive alert are needed.

Objectives: Social jetlag is a disturbance in the circadian rhythm caused by a desynchronization between an individual's biological rhythm and social commitments and responsibilities. It leads to sleep debt during the week and compensation on weekends. Social jetlag is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and cognitive dysfunction in adolescents. This study aims to assess the prevalence of social jetlag and associated factors in Brazilian adolescents.

Methods: Adolescents of both sexes, aged between 12 and 17years, participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), were included. The sleep duration on a typical weekday and weekend day was collected through a self-reported questionnaire. The occurrence of social jetlag was defined as the difference between the midpoint of sleep on weekends and weekdays, with differences equal to or higher than 1hour considered as an indicator of positive social jetlag. Factors associated with the prevalence of social jetlag were investigated using Poisson regression models.

Results: The sample included a total of 64,029 adolescents. Social jetlag affects more than 80% of Brazilian adolescents, with higher prevalence among girls in the age group of 16-17years, with white skin color, attending private schools, and those having morning classes. Additionally, unhealthy risk behaviors such as skipping breakfast, alcohol consumption, and increased screen time are associated with a higher prevalence of social jetlag.

Conclusion: The prevalence of social jetlag was high in Brazilian adolescents, and, among its associated factors, studying in the morning shift and engaging in unhealthy risk behaviors stand out.

Objective: Despite growing evidence of disparities in sleep quality between sexual minoritized and heterosexual youth, the reasons for these disparities are not well understood. LGBQ+ adolescents often experience challenging peer relationships, which could negatively impact their sleep quality. The current study examined the prospective relationship between sexual minority status and sleep quality over 12months and evaluated whether peer victimization and social support at 6months mediated this relationship among adolescents.

Methods: This study involved a secondary analysis of data from a community sample of 800 adolescents (57.5% female; M_age=14.42years, SD=0.83). Data were collected using web-based surveys over 12months with three time-points: baseline, 6-, and 12-month.

Results: Approximately 19.4% of adolescents self-identified as LGBQ+. Compared to heterosexual adolescents, LGBQ+ adolescents reported poorer global sleep quality, lower perceived social support, greater peer victimization, childhood victimization, and were more likely to be female (all ps < .001). In a longitudinal, parallel mediation analysis adjusting for baseline age, gender, global sleep quality, and childhood victimization, LGBQ+ adolescents reported higher rates of peer victimization (b=0.262 [0.049], p < .001) and less social support (b=-0.385 [0.146], p = .008) at 6months compared with heterosexual peers, predicting poor global sleep quality (b=0.495 [0.191], p = .010 for peer victimization and b=-0.161 [0.068], p = .018 for social support) at 12months.

Conclusion: These findings highlight that sexual minority adolescents face increased risks of peer victimization and reduced social support from peers, which contribute to poorer sleep quality. The findings may guide the development of adolescent sleep interventions that also improve social health and relationships.

Objectives: Examine very short sleep among adolescents across multiple intersecting social positions and experiences of sexual orientation-based bullying and cyberbullying in two statewide samples.

Methods: A harmonization of two large statewide school-based datasets from grades 9-12 (2019 Minnesota Student Survey, and 2018-2019 California Healthy Kids Survey) was utilized for the analysis (N = 379,710). Exhaustive chi-square automatic interaction detection (an approach for quantitative intersectionality research) explored variability in very short sleep (≤5 hours/night) among adolescents from multiple intersecting social positions (race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, and sex assigned at birth), grade, state, and two types of bullying experiences (sexual orientation-based bullying and cyberbullying). Intersectional groups reporting the highest prevalence of very short sleep were identified. We compared very short sleep rates among adolescents from the same social positions who experienced bullying with those who did not experience bullying.

Results: Very short sleep was common among this sample of adolescents (19.2%), especially among those holding multiple marginalized social positions (36.9%-51.4%). Adolescents who were transgender or gender diverse or questioning gender identity, and with minoritized sexual and racial/ethnic identities were overrepresented among high prevalence groups of very short sleep. Bullying experiences were reported by all highest prevalence groups. Adolescents who were bullied had 24.9%-51.3% higher rates of very short sleep than adolescents from the same intersecting social positions who were not bullied.

Conclusions: Very short sleep is pervasive among marginalized adolescents. Findings suggest that victimization contributes to adolescents' very short sleep rates. Individual-level interventions may fall short of promoting better sleep among adolescents; systemic interventions addressing bullying are needed.

Clinical trial registration: N/A.