Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20438087221092582
J. Michalak, H. Niemeyer, W. Tschacher, Nico Baumann, Xiao Chi Zhang, Dirk Adolph
Reduced physical activity is considered a key feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, research directly comparing non-depressed controls and patients yielded mixed findings. In contrast to most previous research, this study compared objective as well as subjective activity levels of individuals with MDD with non-depressed controls and used an ambulatory assessment method. Moreover, we investigated whether objective and subjective measures of activity could predict mood. On two consecutive days, physical activity of 35 MDD patients and 36 non-depressed control participants were assessed objectively using an accelerometer and subjectively with hourly ecological momentary assessments. During the same assessment, participants mood was monitored. No significant differences between MDD patients and control participants in objective and most of the subjective activity measures were observed. We found significant associations between objective and subjective measures of activity in non-depressed as well as in MDD patients. Objective but not subjective measures of activity predicted subsequent mood. Our results support the notion that the association between MDD and activity level is complex and depends on moderating factors.
{"title":"Subjective and Objective Measures of Activity in Depressed and Non-depressed Individuals in Everyday Life","authors":"J. Michalak, H. Niemeyer, W. Tschacher, Nico Baumann, Xiao Chi Zhang, Dirk Adolph","doi":"10.1177/20438087221092582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221092582","url":null,"abstract":"Reduced physical activity is considered a key feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, research directly comparing non-depressed controls and patients yielded mixed findings. In contrast to most previous research, this study compared objective as well as subjective activity levels of individuals with MDD with non-depressed controls and used an ambulatory assessment method. Moreover, we investigated whether objective and subjective measures of activity could predict mood. On two consecutive days, physical activity of 35 MDD patients and 36 non-depressed control participants were assessed objectively using an accelerometer and subjectively with hourly ecological momentary assessments. During the same assessment, participants mood was monitored. No significant differences between MDD patients and control participants in objective and most of the subjective activity measures were observed. We found significant associations between objective and subjective measures of activity in non-depressed as well as in MDD patients. Objective but not subjective measures of activity predicted subsequent mood. Our results support the notion that the association between MDD and activity level is complex and depends on moderating factors.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43971423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20438087221106925
Leyla Karami Isheqlou, M. Zarean, Mohammadtaghi Saeedi, M. Soltanlou, S. Heysieattalab
Perfectionism is a personality disposition usually defined considering the demands toward performance outcomes. Maladaptive perfectionists have more concerns over getting adverse performance outcomes than adaptive perfectionists. As an indicator of impulsivity, individuals' reaction time is significantly shorter after getting negative performance feedback than positive feedback. We conducted the present study to investigate the differences among perfectionists concerning the task-based impulsivity measures after getting negative and positive performance outcomes in a gambling task. A sample of 60 adults (22 adaptive, 20 maladaptive, and 18 non-perfectionists) performed a monetary gambling task while receiving positive or negative feedback. The findings revealed that maladaptive perfectionists had more impulsive responses than the other groups regardless of the feedback. The adaptive perfectionists spent more time choosing answers after each kind of feedbacks to make accurate decisions. The reinforcement sensitivity probably addresses the between-group differences of perfectionists in impulsivity. The findings of this study will help clarify the complex process of learning.
{"title":"Maladaptive perfectionists are more impulsive than adaptive perfectionists in a monetary gambling task","authors":"Leyla Karami Isheqlou, M. Zarean, Mohammadtaghi Saeedi, M. Soltanlou, S. Heysieattalab","doi":"10.1177/20438087221106925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221106925","url":null,"abstract":"Perfectionism is a personality disposition usually defined considering the demands toward performance outcomes. Maladaptive perfectionists have more concerns over getting adverse performance outcomes than adaptive perfectionists. As an indicator of impulsivity, individuals' reaction time is significantly shorter after getting negative performance feedback than positive feedback. We conducted the present study to investigate the differences among perfectionists concerning the task-based impulsivity measures after getting negative and positive performance outcomes in a gambling task. A sample of 60 adults (22 adaptive, 20 maladaptive, and 18 non-perfectionists) performed a monetary gambling task while receiving positive or negative feedback. The findings revealed that maladaptive perfectionists had more impulsive responses than the other groups regardless of the feedback. The adaptive perfectionists spent more time choosing answers after each kind of feedbacks to make accurate decisions. The reinforcement sensitivity probably addresses the between-group differences of perfectionists in impulsivity. The findings of this study will help clarify the complex process of learning.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44372289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20438087221103350
Sukkyung You, Minkyung Kwon, E. Kim
Suicidal behavior among South Korean young adults has been a serious social concern. When college students have a maladaptive desire for perfectionism in life, they may experience more significant life stress and, in turn, higher devaluation of their lives. However, not every individual is equally influenced by perfectionism and develops adverse emotional outcomes. Some researchers proposed that self-compassion, being warm and understanding toward oneself rather than ignoring or criticizing oneself, might act as a protective factor against mental health concerns. Therefore, using a sample of 420 Korean college students, this study conducted structural equation modeling to examine self-compassion as a potential protective factor for the mediation effect of life stress in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and suicidal ideation. Results supported the hypothesized model, with students with higher self-compassion reporting more negligible adverse impacts of maladaptive perfectionism on suicidal ideation mediated by life stress. Implications and future directions are discussed.
{"title":"Perfectionism, life stress, and suicidal ideation among college students: A protective role of self-compassion","authors":"Sukkyung You, Minkyung Kwon, E. Kim","doi":"10.1177/20438087221103350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221103350","url":null,"abstract":"Suicidal behavior among South Korean young adults has been a serious social concern. When college students have a maladaptive desire for perfectionism in life, they may experience more significant life stress and, in turn, higher devaluation of their lives. However, not every individual is equally influenced by perfectionism and develops adverse emotional outcomes. Some researchers proposed that self-compassion, being warm and understanding toward oneself rather than ignoring or criticizing oneself, might act as a protective factor against mental health concerns. Therefore, using a sample of 420 Korean college students, this study conducted structural equation modeling to examine self-compassion as a potential protective factor for the mediation effect of life stress in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and suicidal ideation. Results supported the hypothesized model, with students with higher self-compassion reporting more negligible adverse impacts of maladaptive perfectionism on suicidal ideation mediated by life stress. Implications and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44667291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20438087221094969
M. L. Reinholdt-Dunne, A. Blicher, M. Rinck, A. Klein
Impairments in executive attention control, such as the ability to inhibit processing task-irrelevant information, are believed to play a key role in the development and maintenance of social fear and anxiety. However, the underlying attentional mechanisms related to social anxiety are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between actual and perceived executive attention control deficits and social anxiety symptoms in children. Participants included 134 school children drawn from the community between the ages of 8–13 years. Children completed the Attention Network Task (ANT) along with self-report measures of executive attention control and social anxiety. The ANT is a reaction-based task that assesses alerting, orienting, and control of executive attention. Results showed that only self-reported executive attention control was negatively associated with heightened levels of social anxiety. Also, objectively and subjectively measured executive attention control were not related to each other. Findings suggest that social anxiety may only be associated with perceived deficits and not with an actual impairment of executive attention control. Further studies are needed to examine the role of actual versus perceived deficits in childhood social anxiety.
{"title":"Executive attention control impairments and social anxiety symptoms in children","authors":"M. L. Reinholdt-Dunne, A. Blicher, M. Rinck, A. Klein","doi":"10.1177/20438087221094969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221094969","url":null,"abstract":"Impairments in executive attention control, such as the ability to inhibit processing task-irrelevant information, are believed to play a key role in the development and maintenance of social fear and anxiety. However, the underlying attentional mechanisms related to social anxiety are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between actual and perceived executive attention control deficits and social anxiety symptoms in children. Participants included 134 school children drawn from the community between the ages of 8–13 years. Children completed the Attention Network Task (ANT) along with self-report measures of executive attention control and social anxiety. The ANT is a reaction-based task that assesses alerting, orienting, and control of executive attention. Results showed that only self-reported executive attention control was negatively associated with heightened levels of social anxiety. Also, objectively and subjectively measured executive attention control were not related to each other. Findings suggest that social anxiety may only be associated with perceived deficits and not with an actual impairment of executive attention control. Further studies are needed to examine the role of actual versus perceived deficits in childhood social anxiety.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42913610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/20438087221090350
Edith Friesen, M. R. Sopp, A. Brueckner, Diana S. Ferreira de Sá, T. Michael
Extinction learning is considered an important underlying process of successful treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, sleep disturbances may impede this learning process: Current accounts postulate that sleep facilitates encoding by promoting neural plasticity during slow wave sleep (SWS). Based on this hypothesis, we tested whether early night sleep, with high amounts of SWS, facilitates subsequent extinction learning and recall. Sixty-three participants took part in a trauma-adapted fear conditioning experiment. One group received a three-hour sleep opportunity in the early night half, whereas the other group stayed awake. Thereafter, both groups underwent extinction training and a return-of-fear test. Retention was assessed after another sleep opportunity in both groups. Linear mixed-effects models and Bayesian inference did not support the hypothesis of strengthened fear extinction by prior early night sleep. Subsequent exploratory analyses, in contrast, point to a role of rapid eye movement sleep in promoting successful fear extinction learning. Further confirmatory research should re-investigate these effects and their implications for the treatment of PTSD.
{"title":"Investigation of early night sleep effects on subsequent fear extinction learning and recall","authors":"Edith Friesen, M. R. Sopp, A. Brueckner, Diana S. Ferreira de Sá, T. Michael","doi":"10.1177/20438087221090350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221090350","url":null,"abstract":"Extinction learning is considered an important underlying process of successful treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, sleep disturbances may impede this learning process: Current accounts postulate that sleep facilitates encoding by promoting neural plasticity during slow wave sleep (SWS). Based on this hypothesis, we tested whether early night sleep, with high amounts of SWS, facilitates subsequent extinction learning and recall. Sixty-three participants took part in a trauma-adapted fear conditioning experiment. One group received a three-hour sleep opportunity in the early night half, whereas the other group stayed awake. Thereafter, both groups underwent extinction training and a return-of-fear test. Retention was assessed after another sleep opportunity in both groups. Linear mixed-effects models and Bayesian inference did not support the hypothesis of strengthened fear extinction by prior early night sleep. Subsequent exploratory analyses, in contrast, point to a role of rapid eye movement sleep in promoting successful fear extinction learning. Further confirmatory research should re-investigate these effects and their implications for the treatment of PTSD.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48360774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20438087221085767
Irina Masselman, P. D. de Jong, K. Glashouwer
The prevalence of a negative body image among women is high. Because of its serious consequences for individuals’ mental health, there is an urgent need to improve current body image interventions. Recent studies using evaluative conditioning to strengthen the association between women’s body and positive (social) stimuli have shown promising results. In two experimental studies, we tested whether incorporating more age appropriate positive social stimuli as unconditioned stimuli (USs) can strengthen the conditioning procedure as a means to enhance women’s body satisfaction. In the experimental condition, participants’ body pictures were systematically followed by the Facebook like-button and youthful smiling faces (study 1, experimental condition: n = 68; control condition: n = 67) or positive Emojis (study 2, experimental condition: n = 64; control condition: n = 67). The results indicated that neither conditioning procedure enhanced participants’ body satisfaction more than a control procedure, and in both studies, there was no valence transfer from the positive USs to the body pictures. Thus, incorporation of age appropriate USs did not result in the anticipated conditioning effects. These findings challenge the utility of current evaluative conditioning procedures as an intervention technique to address a negative body image.
{"title":"What’s not to like? Enhancing women’s body satisfaction by means of an evaluative conditioning procedure with positive social feedback","authors":"Irina Masselman, P. D. de Jong, K. Glashouwer","doi":"10.1177/20438087221085767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221085767","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of a negative body image among women is high. Because of its serious consequences for individuals’ mental health, there is an urgent need to improve current body image interventions. Recent studies using evaluative conditioning to strengthen the association between women’s body and positive (social) stimuli have shown promising results. In two experimental studies, we tested whether incorporating more age appropriate positive social stimuli as unconditioned stimuli (USs) can strengthen the conditioning procedure as a means to enhance women’s body satisfaction. In the experimental condition, participants’ body pictures were systematically followed by the Facebook like-button and youthful smiling faces (study 1, experimental condition: n = 68; control condition: n = 67) or positive Emojis (study 2, experimental condition: n = 64; control condition: n = 67). The results indicated that neither conditioning procedure enhanced participants’ body satisfaction more than a control procedure, and in both studies, there was no valence transfer from the positive USs to the body pictures. Thus, incorporation of age appropriate USs did not result in the anticipated conditioning effects. These findings challenge the utility of current evaluative conditioning procedures as an intervention technique to address a negative body image.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44705624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20438087221080057
Yu Chen, C. Li
The striatum is implicated in externalizing traits and cognitive dysfunction. The ventral and dorsal striatal subregions may play differentiable roles in externalizing behaviors and executive functions. We employed voxel-based morphometry to estimate the striatal gray matter volumes (GMVs) of 968 young adults (510 women) of the Human Connectome Project. We examined sex differences in striatal GMVs, tested how striatal GMVs related to an externalizing trait (Extn), and 2-back memory efficiency (Eff2), and examined whether these relationships exhibited sex differences. Men showed significantly higher ventral striatum (VS) and lentiform nucleus (LN) GMVs as well as higher Extn and Eff2 than women. Across all subjects, greater caudate and LN GMVs were correlated significantly with lower Eff2 though with limited effect sizes (r = −0.140, p < .001 and r = −0.093, p = .004, respectively) and the latter correlation was carried primarily by women (z = −3.070, p = .002, slope test). VS GMV showed positive correlation with Extn (r = 0.085, p = .008). Together, striatal GMVs are significantly but only weakly associated with externalizing behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in young adults. As key hubs of the fronto-striatal circuits, the ventral and dorsal striatum may contribute differently to externalizing psychopathology.
{"title":"Striatal gray matter volumes, externalizing traits, and N-back task performance: An exploratory study of sex differences using the human connectome project data","authors":"Yu Chen, C. Li","doi":"10.1177/20438087221080057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221080057","url":null,"abstract":"The striatum is implicated in externalizing traits and cognitive dysfunction. The ventral and dorsal striatal subregions may play differentiable roles in externalizing behaviors and executive functions. We employed voxel-based morphometry to estimate the striatal gray matter volumes (GMVs) of 968 young adults (510 women) of the Human Connectome Project. We examined sex differences in striatal GMVs, tested how striatal GMVs related to an externalizing trait (Extn), and 2-back memory efficiency (Eff2), and examined whether these relationships exhibited sex differences. Men showed significantly higher ventral striatum (VS) and lentiform nucleus (LN) GMVs as well as higher Extn and Eff2 than women. Across all subjects, greater caudate and LN GMVs were correlated significantly with lower Eff2 though with limited effect sizes (r = −0.140, p < .001 and r = −0.093, p = .004, respectively) and the latter correlation was carried primarily by women (z = −3.070, p = .002, slope test). VS GMV showed positive correlation with Extn (r = 0.085, p = .008). Together, striatal GMVs are significantly but only weakly associated with externalizing behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in young adults. As key hubs of the fronto-striatal circuits, the ventral and dorsal striatum may contribute differently to externalizing psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46897643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20438087211068215
L. Vanaken, P. Bijttebier, R. Fivush, D. Hermans
The coherence of autobiographical narratives is thought to be reflective of individuals’ psychological adjustment. However, results are not always replicable, the longitudinal nature of the relation has remained largely unaddressed, and there is limited research on mechanisms that may explain the relation between coherence and mental health. Therefore, in a large longitudinal study, we investigated the concurrent and prospective associations of narrative coherence with mental health, as well as mediational effects of perceived social support. Concurrently, correlations showed that total narrative coherence was associated with higher psychological well-being, fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and fewer negative social interactions. Cross-sectional regressions showed that total narrative coherence was predictive for better psychological well-being and fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and that chronological coherence predicted depressive symptomatology. These relations were all mediated by perceived negative social interactions. Prospectively, over a 5-month time interval, higher coherence of positive narratives predicted relative decreases in depressive and anxious symptoms. These relations were also mediated by the amount of perceived negative social interactions. Individuals who were more coherent about their past positive life events experienced a relative decrease in depressive and anxious symptoms over a 5-month time interval because they experienced fewer negative interactions with their social network over time.
{"title":"An investigation of the concurrent and longitudinal associations between narrative coherence and mental health mediated by social support","authors":"L. Vanaken, P. Bijttebier, R. Fivush, D. Hermans","doi":"10.1177/20438087211068215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087211068215","url":null,"abstract":"The coherence of autobiographical narratives is thought to be reflective of individuals’ psychological adjustment. However, results are not always replicable, the longitudinal nature of the relation has remained largely unaddressed, and there is limited research on mechanisms that may explain the relation between coherence and mental health. Therefore, in a large longitudinal study, we investigated the concurrent and prospective associations of narrative coherence with mental health, as well as mediational effects of perceived social support. Concurrently, correlations showed that total narrative coherence was associated with higher psychological well-being, fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and fewer negative social interactions. Cross-sectional regressions showed that total narrative coherence was predictive for better psychological well-being and fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and that chronological coherence predicted depressive symptomatology. These relations were all mediated by perceived negative social interactions. Prospectively, over a 5-month time interval, higher coherence of positive narratives predicted relative decreases in depressive and anxious symptoms. These relations were also mediated by the amount of perceived negative social interactions. Individuals who were more coherent about their past positive life events experienced a relative decrease in depressive and anxious symptoms over a 5-month time interval because they experienced fewer negative interactions with their social network over time.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42992243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20438087221075889
Thomas Meyer, N. Morina
The psychosocial environment is pivotal for the adjustment to traumatic experiences, yet the role of social cognition in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains obscure. We theorize that comparison with other trauma survivors reporting high or low levels of stress-related symptomatology might attenuate or amplify the development of PTSD, depending on perceived similarities with the standard. 90 healthy participants viewed traumatic footage and read ostensible testimonials from a fellow participant from a similar background, reporting high levels of PTSD symptoms (i.e. a similar-vulnerable social comparator), low distress (similar-resilient) or by a demographically dissimilar person reporting low distress (different-resilient). A separate no-comparison group (n = 30) served to gauge the presence of assimilative responding. Relative to similar-vulnerable comparison, a similar-resilient comparator tended to attenuate acute negative affect, but this did not translate to a similar effect on seven-day intrusive memories. Here, the similar-vulnerable group tended to report fewer intrusive memories compared to control, indicating a contrastive response. Taken together, we provide preliminary evidence that social comparison modulates the adjustment to adversity, whereby acute affect and intrusion development may be influenced differentially.
{"title":"Social comparison modulates acute responses to traumatic footage and the development of intrusive memories","authors":"Thomas Meyer, N. Morina","doi":"10.1177/20438087221075889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221075889","url":null,"abstract":"The psychosocial environment is pivotal for the adjustment to traumatic experiences, yet the role of social cognition in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains obscure. We theorize that comparison with other trauma survivors reporting high or low levels of stress-related symptomatology might attenuate or amplify the development of PTSD, depending on perceived similarities with the standard. 90 healthy participants viewed traumatic footage and read ostensible testimonials from a fellow participant from a similar background, reporting high levels of PTSD symptoms (i.e. a similar-vulnerable social comparator), low distress (similar-resilient) or by a demographically dissimilar person reporting low distress (different-resilient). A separate no-comparison group (n = 30) served to gauge the presence of assimilative responding. Relative to similar-vulnerable comparison, a similar-resilient comparator tended to attenuate acute negative affect, but this did not translate to a similar effect on seven-day intrusive memories. Here, the similar-vulnerable group tended to report fewer intrusive memories compared to control, indicating a contrastive response. Taken together, we provide preliminary evidence that social comparison modulates the adjustment to adversity, whereby acute affect and intrusion development may be influenced differentially.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48426687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1177/20438087211043729
A. Rady, R. Alamrawy, I. Ramadan, Mervat Abd El Raouf
Background: Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are highly prevalent, frequently co-occurring with psychiatric symptoms such as depression, alexithymia, and anxiety. Objective: To evaluate the relation between depression, anxiety, and alexithymia and severity of somatic symptoms in patients with MUPS. Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 196 patients suffering from MUPS. The patients were recruited from tertiary care internal medicine and neuropsychiatry clinics during the first quarter of 2019. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders Clinician Version (SCID-I-CV), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were employed to assess somatic severity, depression, anxiety, major mental disorders, and alexithymia in the sample of patients. Results: The results of the study indicate that GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores had a positive correlation with PHQ-15 (p < 0.05) in multivariate regression. In contrast, TAS-20 was not independently correlated with PHQ-15. Adding TAS-20 to GAD-7 and PHQ-9 in the equation of the regression model enhances the predictive capacity of the model (p < 001). Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that only anxiety and depressive symptoms, but not alexithymia, were associated independently with MUPS severity.
{"title":"Does alexithymia, independent of depressive and anxiety disorders, correlate with the severity of somatic manifestations among patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms?","authors":"A. Rady, R. Alamrawy, I. Ramadan, Mervat Abd El Raouf","doi":"10.1177/20438087211043729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087211043729","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are highly prevalent, frequently co-occurring with psychiatric symptoms such as depression, alexithymia, and anxiety. Objective: To evaluate the relation between depression, anxiety, and alexithymia and severity of somatic symptoms in patients with MUPS. Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 196 patients suffering from MUPS. The patients were recruited from tertiary care internal medicine and neuropsychiatry clinics during the first quarter of 2019. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders Clinician Version (SCID-I-CV), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were employed to assess somatic severity, depression, anxiety, major mental disorders, and alexithymia in the sample of patients. Results: The results of the study indicate that GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores had a positive correlation with PHQ-15 (p < 0.05) in multivariate regression. In contrast, TAS-20 was not independently correlated with PHQ-15. Adding TAS-20 to GAD-7 and PHQ-9 in the equation of the regression model enhances the predictive capacity of the model (p < 001). Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that only anxiety and depressive symptoms, but not alexithymia, were associated independently with MUPS severity.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47040350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：