Health Policy and Technology最新文献

{"title":"A cross-sectional study regarding the knowledge, attitude and awareness about self-medication among Bangladeshi people","authors":"Md. Abu Bakar Siddique Jami ,&nbsp;Kushal Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Self-medication is the use of medicinal products by the consumer which is not prescribed by a doctor. Self-medication practice (SMP) is widely adopted by the common people of developing countries like Bangladesh.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>It was a cross-sectional study. Primary data were collected by conducting an online survey. Data collection was carried out from April 2021 to September 2021. The subjects were a minimum of 15 years of age. From 35 districts of Bangladesh, a total of 322 people of different age groups, education levels, and economic classes participated in the survey.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>71% (229) of the respondents were 21-25 years of age. 66% were undergraduate students. Most of them were from middle class society and well-educated. 80% of the population said that they had purchased or taken medicines without any prescription. 57% of them said they do not consider self-medication a very safe practice although, 87% of the population had practiced self-medication at least once in the preceding year. Antipyretics (212), Analgesics (165), Drugs for Cold/Cough (197) and Anti-ulcer/Antacids (140) were the majority categories of medicines that were used mostly for self-medication. Nearly all (311) of them collect SMP medicine from pharmacy shops. Previous prescriptions (146), advice from family or friends (165) and Internet or other media (113) were common sources of information for their self-medication practice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Self-medication practice is highly prevalent in Bangladesh. People are not aware enough about the possible negative outcomes of it. Therefore, regulatory laws should be implemented more strictly regarding buying and selling medicines.</div></div><div><h3>Lay Summary</h3><div>The rate of self-medication practice appears to be increasing in Bangladesh, due to a number of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors that include ready access to drugs, increased potential to manage certain illnesses through self- care, and greater availability of medicinal products. Self-medication is not only prevalent in Bangladesh, it is present at a catastrophic rate. This article shows the overall awareness level of people regarding SMP and other health issues, which medicines are commonly being bought by people and their sources of information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 100715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of contact tracing app during pandemic: Users’ resistance behavior","authors":"Yogesh Bhatt ,&nbsp;Karminder Ghuman ,&nbsp;Safiya Mukhtar Alshibani ,&nbsp;Usama Awan","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2024.100901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2024.100901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study investigates the key issues influencing different barriers resulting in user resistance toward adopting contact tracing smartphone apps launched to track COVID-19 infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Indian users’ experiences regarding the Aarogya Setu app for preventing the spread of COVID-19 were examined in two phases. In Phase I, online users’ comments available at the Google Play Store were qualitatively analyzed using open and axial coding. These codes were then used to create an implication matrix and hierarchical value maps to illustrate and interpret the relationships between issues, barriers, and user behavior. In Phase II, a supplementary empirical study, data was collected from users and non-users of the app through semi-structured telephone interviews and then qualitatively analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By drawing on innovation resistance theory, the current study mapped a set of adoption barriers with three types of user resistance, i.e., postponement, opposition, and rejection. Rejection emerged as the most prominent consumer resistance behavior; usage barriers, functional risk, and value barriers related to the app's usage were the key drivers of this behavior. Postponement was the second most observed consumer resistance behavior. If usage barriers, functional risk, and value barriers of the app resulted in functional barriers toward adoption of the app, then image barrier was the key reason behind the psychological barrier.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Administrators and developers of future interventions need to be conscious of usage barriers, functional risks, and value barriers related to the app's usage through stakeholder engagement to secure broader and faster adoption of such apps to improve health information systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 100901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the influence of personal eHealth literacy on continuance intention towards mobile health applications: A TAM-based approach","authors":"Oscar Chidiebere Ukaegbu,&nbsp;Mingyue Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Mobile health applications (MHAs) play a key role in modern healthcare delivery, yet understanding the factors influencing users' continuance intention towards these platforms remains a critical area of inquiry. This study investigates the influence of perceived e-Health literacy (PEHL) on users' trust, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use of MHAs, employing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a theoretical framework.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Structural equation modeling was employed to evaluate data collected from 430 participants in Nigeria. This approach facilitated a thorough assessment of the complex interconnections among Perceived e-health literacy, Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, and Continuance intention of MHAs. Through the application of statistical analyses within this framework, the study aimed to offer a rigorous examination of the data and extract significant findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Through this survey of MHAs users, path analysis reveals significant positive associations between PEHL and trust, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use, underscoring importance regarding individual competencies with shaping views of digital health resources. Moreover, trust emerges as a key mediator in the relationship between PEHL and users' continuance intention to use MHAs, highlighting its pivotal role in fostering sustained engagement with these platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The findings highlight the pivotal role of trust in fostering sustained engagement with MHAs. The results suggest that enhancing users' eHealth literacy can positively influence their trust and perceptions of usefulness and ease of use, which in turn can drive their intention to continue using these applications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study contributes to theoretical advancements in eHealth literature and offers practical insights for the design and implementation of MHAs to enhance user acceptance and engagement in digital healthcare ecosystems. The positive associations identified between PEHL, trust, and continuance intention underscore the need for strategies that enhance users' competencies and trust to ensure sustained use of MHAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative approaches to strengthening health systems in LMIC's","authors":"Diana Frost ,&nbsp;Mufti Mahmud ,&nbsp;M.Shamim Kaiser ,&nbsp;David Musoke ,&nbsp;Paulette Henry ,&nbsp;Shariful Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2024.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2024.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>None.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital health inclusion towards achieving universal health coverage for Bangladesh utilizing general practitioner model","authors":"Moinul H. Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Rony Chowdhury Ripan ,&nbsp;A.K.M. Nazmul Islam ,&nbsp;Rubaiyat Alim Hridhee ,&nbsp;Farhana Sarker ,&nbsp;Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ,&nbsp;Khondaker A. Mamun","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Bangladesh's health care system, particularly in rural areas, experiences enormous obstacles in providing complete preventive and primary healthcare services due to the lack of adequate healthcare facilities, resource constraints, and a non-functional referral system. To alleviate these problems, in this study, we introduce the digital general practitioner (GP) model for rural Bangladesh, digital platforms and present a statistical analysis of the data that was gathered from the pilot project.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 12,746 people were provided regular health services during the pilot project, from all genders and age groups, and provided their socio-demographic and healthcare-related data. We analyzed healthcare-related data by carrying out both descriptive and inferential statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>By utilizing this digital GP model, rural residents can receive routine health screenings at their homes, identify health risks early, receive consultation and health education, and be referred to GP and upper-level health facilities as needed. We found that hypertension was more prevalent (4.84% of the served population), and cancer was the least prevalent of all the NCDs in the studied population (0.05% of the served population). The population for stroke, hypertension, diabetes increased until the 50–59 age range as age increased, following which the population proportion declined as age increased. Additionally, 3.96% of young females were severely malnourished, comparably higher proportion than young males (2.34%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NCDs such as hypertension, diabetes was prevalent among rural people. Necessary steps should be taken to raise preventive and primary healthcare awareness among rural people.</div></div><div><h3>Public interest summary</h3><div>The absence of proper healthcare facilities, resource constraints, and a non-functional referral system hamper Bangladesh's health care system's ability to provide comprehensive preventive and primary healthcare services in rural area. As a result, patients develop advanced ailments, including non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and must seek treatment at an expensive specialty hospital. To resolve this issue, we introduce a digital GP model for rural Bangladesh, then show digital platforms that use the concept, and lastly summarize significant findings from the piloted digital GP model. By utilizing this digital GP model, rural residents can receive routine health screenings at their homes, identify health risks early, receive consultation and health education, and be referred to GP and upper-level health facilities as need. From our data analysis, we discovered high burden of NCDs such as hypertension and diabetes in the piloted area. Necessary steps should be taken to raise preventive and primary healthcare awareness among rural people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48926968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the moderating effect of COVID-19 on Pakistan's healthcare sector","authors":"Saqib Mehmood ,&nbsp;Samera Nazir ,&nbsp;Jianqiang Fan (Vice Dean) ,&nbsp;Zarish Nazir (MS Scholar) ,&nbsp;Sana Nazir (MSs Scholar)","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically disrupted health service delivery, particularly in resource-limited countries such as Pakistan. This study aims to assess how Pakistan's healthcare infrastructure has adapted in response to the pandemic, focusing on governmental strategies, technology integration, and socioeconomic factors influencing public health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A stratified random sampling approach was employed, distributing 300 questionnaires to management and staff across hospitals in Punjab. The data collected were analyzed using PLS-SEM4 software to uncover the relationships among the variables of interest.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings reveal the complex impacts of the pandemic on healthcare delivery. Effective government regulations were identified as crucial in managing the crisis, while technology integration emerged as a key factor in enhancing healthcare services. Socioeconomic conditions were found to significantly affect public health outcomes, underscoring the interconnection of these components.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers aiming to strengthen the resilience of Pakistan's healthcare system. By applying resilience theory, public health policy theory, and complex adaptive systems theory, the research emphasizes the need for adaptability, effective governance, and systemic interconnection in addressing public health challenges. The implications extend globally, offering strategies to improve healthcare infrastructure during crises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101040"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-Prescription: A practical application of information and communications technology in perspective of Bangladesh","authors":"M. A. Khan,&nbsp;Md. Rabiul Islam,&nbsp;Asif Rahman,&nbsp;Afsana Mim,&nbsp;Rasel Ahmmed","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The healthcare management authorities are responsible for delivering convenient services to the patients. The traditional healthcare management system is quite old and impractical in many cases, including a physical visit. Additionally, the COVID-19 epidemic makes the existing system unattainable, which creates an uncomfortable situation for visiting doctor's chambers that is risky both for doctors and patients. An electronic-prescription (e-prescription) management system can switch the existing one to the online appointment and doctor consulting system. Many developed countries have already adopted such e-prescription management systems, although low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) like Bangladesh are apathetic. So implementing e-prescription management systems in all countries, including Bangladesh, is the demand of time, especially when information and communication technologies (ICT) are at hand.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We design, develop and test an ICT-based online doctor and patient management system utilizing the latest software and web development tools.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the developed e-prescription management system, the patient can visit their profile to make an appointment according to their need and doctor's availability. After that, the patient consults with the doctor based on the appointment's approval by the admin panel. Finally, the patient receives an online e-prescription and collects the medicine from a registered pharmacy with access to the online e-prescription. The e-prescription management system records patient history, including e-prescription, making handling patients easy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The proper use of the developed e-prescription management system will solve many existing problems of the existing healthcare management system, including many concerns that arise due to the advent of COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 100810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134934267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying pharmaceutical and medical device industry-physician financial ties: An analysis of honorarium payments to Japanese medical association leadership between 2019 and 2021","authors":"Akemi Hara ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Tanimoto ,&nbsp;Piotr Ozieranski ,&nbsp;James Larkin ,&nbsp;Michioki Endo ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Saito ,&nbsp;Akihiko Ozaki","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the extent and distribution of pharmaceutical and medical device industry honorarium payments to medical association leadership, enhancing our understanding of industry-physician financial ties in Japan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of publicly disclosed payment data from pharmaceutical companies affiliated with the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association and medical device companies affiliated with the Medical Devices Network. Data covered honorarium payments for speaking, writing, and consulting to board members of 18 major professional medical associations from 2019 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 399 executive board members, 373 (93.5 %) received payments totaling $15.99 million. The median payment per member over the three years was $22,529, (interquartile range [IQR], $7230.8–$57,223.9). Payments were concentrated, with four professional medical associations—representing Internal Medicine ($2.97 million), Ophthalmology ($1.78 million), Dermatology ($1.78 million), and Urology ($1.87 million)—accounting for 52.5 % of the total. Surgical specialties received a higher proportion of payments from medical device companies, while non-surgical specialties – pharmaceutical companies. Payments declined in 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, recovering by 2021. None of the 18 associations' leadership publicly disclosed their board members' financial ties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We found extensive and concentrated ties between industry and medical association leadership in Japan, with the pharmaceutical and medical device sectors each displaying distinctive payment patterns. The substantial scale of payments and limited transparency displayed by the association highlight the urgent need for legally mandated disclosure, including specialty-specific solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":"14 6","pages":"Article 101081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The digital equity paradox: When good intentions pave the road to technological stratification","authors":"Y. Tony Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":"14 5","pages":"Article 101079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-utility analysis of add-on SGLT2 inhibitors for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in India","authors":"Akhil Sasidharan ,&nbsp;Sajith Kumar S ,&nbsp;Suchitralakshmi G ,&nbsp;Kavitha Rajsekar ,&nbsp;Bhavani Shankara Bagepally","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) imposes significant clinical burden and costs in India. While sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated clinical benefits, their cost-effectiveness within the Indian healthcare perspective remains unassessed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A Markov model with a lifetime horizon and one-year cycles was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of SGLT2i as an add-on therapy to standard of care (SoC) compared to SoC alone in patients with HFrEF in India. The analysis adopted an abridged societal perspective, incorporating direct medical and non-medical costs, as well as out-of-pocket expenditures. Clinical efficacy data were obtained from meta-analyses while cost data were sourced from published Indian studies and databases. Costs (2024) and Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) were used to determine the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICURs). A willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of one time India’s GDP per capita [₹2,26,765 (US$2,710)] per QALY was used. Uncertainty was assessed through one-way sensitivity analysis (OWSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA). Scenario analyses were conducted to test structural assumptions, and a price threshold analysis was performed to estimate the price at which SGLT2i would become cost-effective.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite additional gains in QALYs, add-on SGLT2i were not cost-effective at their current market prices, with an ICUR of ₹6,12,406 (US$7,318) per QALY. Cost-effectiveness estimates were sensitive to variations in drug pricing. PSA confirmed the robustness of these findings. Price threshold analysis indicated that a 71 % reduction in the average market prices for SGLT2i would be required for cost-effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While SGLT2i improve clinical outcomes in HFrEF, their current cost renders them not cost-effective in the Indian healthcare setting. Substantial price reductions, potentially through price negotiations with manufacturers, are necessary to enhance their affordability and optimize resource allocation for Heart failure management in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":"14 6","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}