When Leonardo drew the ceiling grid etc., it is thought that he envisaged the architectural space and prepared reference lines as the basis for the grid etc.. These lines are hereafter referred to as ‘reference lines’. In this paper, nine previous studies including perspective drawings are investigated. As a result, it was clarified how the perspective drawings in the previous studies were drawn, what the size of the architectural space in the pictures was like, etc. It was also confirmed that none of the previous studies drew a ‘reference line’. The perspective drawings in the previous studies are not ‘reference lines’.
{"title":"レオナルドが《最後の晩餐》に想定していた建築空間、及びその「基準線」（その1）：透視図のある先行研究9編についての調査","authors":"Keiichiro NARIKIYO","doi":"10.3130/aija.88.3170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.88.3170","url":null,"abstract":"When Leonardo drew the ceiling grid etc., it is thought that he envisaged the architectural space and prepared reference lines as the basis for the grid etc.. These lines are hereafter referred to as ‘reference lines’. In this paper, nine previous studies including perspective drawings are investigated. As a result, it was clarified how the perspective drawings in the previous studies were drawn, what the size of the architectural space in the pictures was like, etc. It was also confirmed that none of the previous studies drew a ‘reference line’. The perspective drawings in the previous studies are not ‘reference lines’.","PeriodicalId":486779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of architecture,planning and environmental engineering","volume":"46 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135161575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the sugar refineries on the area development process in the dominant rice-producing zone in Taiwan between the 1900s and the 1920s.
摘要本研究旨在探讨20世纪初至20世纪20年代台湾稻米主产区糖厂对地区发展进程的影响。
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SUGAR INDUSTRY ON THE AREA DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN THE DOMINANT RICE-PRODUCING ZONE IN TAIWAN BETWEEN THE 1900S AND THE 1920S","authors":"Makihiko TSUJIHARA, Satomi IMAMURA","doi":"10.3130/aija.88.3158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.88.3158","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the sugar refineries on the area development process in the dominant rice-producing zone in Taiwan between the 1900s and the 1920s.","PeriodicalId":486779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of architecture,planning and environmental engineering","volume":"11 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135162289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examined the career of Nakamura Jubei, a nail dealer who was involved in the import of Western nails in the early Meiji period, his involvement in the import of Western nails, and the trading house that was responsible for the import. The following points become clear.
{"title":"我が国の洋釘類輸入黎明期における輸入のあり方と中村重兵衛の関わり","authors":"Ikuo HIRAYAMA","doi":"10.3130/aija.88.3095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.88.3095","url":null,"abstract":"This article examined the career of Nakamura Jubei, a nail dealer who was involved in the import of Western nails in the early Meiji period, his involvement in the import of Western nails, and the trading house that was responsible for the import. The following points become clear.","PeriodicalId":486779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of architecture,planning and environmental engineering","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135161109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kana EGAWA, Tokuhiro KOJIMA, Wen-Jing CHIANG, Shigeru ANDO, Tetsuro YAMASHITA
We are grateful for Prof. Nakayama’s discussion to our paper. In this answer, we will give our opinions on questions about the comments on results, scrutiny of descriptions and use of terminology.
{"title":"THE AUTHOR'S ANSWER TO DISCUSSION BY SHIGEKI NAKAYAMA","authors":"Kana EGAWA, Tokuhiro KOJIMA, Wen-Jing CHIANG, Shigeru ANDO, Tetsuro YAMASHITA","doi":"10.3130/aija.88.3184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.88.3184","url":null,"abstract":"We are grateful for Prof. Nakayama’s discussion to our paper. In this answer, we will give our opinions on questions about the comments on results, scrutiny of descriptions and use of terminology.","PeriodicalId":486779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of architecture,planning and environmental engineering","volume":"49 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135161720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Incorporated Church Building Society, established 1818, was initially unable to subsidize secular use buildings from the General Fund. However, in 1858 it implemented a Mission Building Fund, and began to construct hamlet chapels, school-churches, mission halls, and mission rooms. In the early years, there were some examples of dual-purpose buildings without a strict distinction between sacred and secular space, but a type of church on the upper floor and secular rooms on the lower floor emerged. However, the distinction between sacred and secular was not sufficient and a stage for secular use had not yet emerged.
{"title":"教会堂建設協会による二重用途施設の建設について（その1）：19世紀半ばから20世紀初頭の状況","authors":"Sumiko EBARA","doi":"10.3130/aija.88.3113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.88.3113","url":null,"abstract":"The Incorporated Church Building Society, established 1818, was initially unable to subsidize secular use buildings from the General Fund. However, in 1858 it implemented a Mission Building Fund, and began to construct hamlet chapels, school-churches, mission halls, and mission rooms. In the early years, there were some examples of dual-purpose buildings without a strict distinction between sacred and secular space, but a type of church on the upper floor and secular rooms on the lower floor emerged. However, the distinction between sacred and secular was not sufficient and a stage for secular use had not yet emerged.","PeriodicalId":486779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of architecture,planning and environmental engineering","volume":"48 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135161730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzed the expression techniques used in animation and found the possibility of developing them into architectural introduction CG. The analysis revealed the following three findings.
本研究分析了动画中使用的表达技术，并发现了将其发展为建筑介绍CG的可能性。分析揭示了以下三个发现。
{"title":"アニメーション作品の表現技法分析と建築紹介CGへの展開の可能性","authors":"Nozomi TSUJIMOTO, Atsushi OSAKI, Hiroshi TSUMITA, Miki KOBAYASHI","doi":"10.3130/aija.88.2923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.88.2923","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the expression techniques used in animation and found the possibility of developing them into architectural introduction CG. The analysis revealed the following three findings.","PeriodicalId":486779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of architecture,planning and environmental engineering","volume":"68 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135161379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to re-evaluate regional plans in Okinawa designed by Atelier Zo. By analyzing how the distinctive concepts and methods of a series of regional plans were expressed in the design works of Atelier Zo, we re-evaluate a series of regional plans these works as having produced these outcomes, as well as the value of the design works of Atelier Zo as planning heritages of regional plans, thereby contributing to their preservation and utilization.
{"title":"象設計集団が関与した沖縄県における地域計画の再評価に関する研究（その２）：設計作品における地域計画の概念及び手法の表出","authors":"Atsushi HATTORI, Kiichi MIYAJI, Wataru KOSAKA","doi":"10.3130/aija.88.2988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.88.2988","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to re-evaluate regional plans in Okinawa designed by Atelier Zo. By analyzing how the distinctive concepts and methods of a series of regional plans were expressed in the design works of Atelier Zo, we re-evaluate a series of regional plans these works as having produced these outcomes, as well as the value of the design works of Atelier Zo as planning heritages of regional plans, thereby contributing to their preservation and utilization.","PeriodicalId":486779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of architecture,planning and environmental engineering","volume":"80 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135161565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are several doubts in the paper, including comments on results, scrutiny of descriptions and use of terminology. Therefore, some points should be discussed as a question-and-answer session.
{"title":"DISCUSSION ON RESEARCH ACTIVITY PUBLISHED AS “STUDIES OF FIRST-AID MEDICAL STATIONS BY FLOW SIMULATION OF DAMAGED PATIENTS BY THE EARTHQUAKE PART 2: INVESTIGATION BASED ON THE AREA SCALE OF DISASTER BASE HOSPITALS BY PREDICTING THE NUMBER OF PATIENTS AFFECTED BY A NORTHERN TOKYO BAY EARTHQUAKE”","authors":"Shigeki NAKAYAMA","doi":"10.3130/aija.88.3182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.88.3182","url":null,"abstract":"There are several doubts in the paper, including comments on results, scrutiny of descriptions and use of terminology. Therefore, some points should be discussed as a question-and-answer session.","PeriodicalId":486779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of architecture,planning and environmental engineering","volume":"125 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135161852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the morphological tendency of mountain monasteries at Hieizan-Enryakuji in the mid- and late Tokugawa period by surveying historical records archived in Eizan Library. A comparative verification of 18 monasteries reveals the existence of certain typologies in layouts and roof shapes, such that most monasteries had three-beam-span frontage layouts covered by gabled or hipped roofs with an additional stepped roof, or shikoro, along the perimeter of the main building. The paper also describes the typology’s relationship with the Kanbun 8 regulation. The knowledge derived is expected to elucidate the situation of the mountain-dwelling religious community in that period.
{"title":"A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON MOUNTAIN MONASTERIES AT HIEIZAN ENRYAKUJI SANTŌ","authors":"Noriaki HAYAKAWA, Takanori YONEZAWA","doi":"10.3130/aija.88.3083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.88.3083","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the morphological tendency of mountain monasteries at Hieizan-Enryakuji in the mid- and late Tokugawa period by surveying historical records archived in Eizan Library. A comparative verification of 18 monasteries reveals the existence of certain typologies in layouts and roof shapes, such that most monasteries had three-beam-span frontage layouts covered by gabled or hipped roofs with an additional stepped roof, or shikoro, along the perimeter of the main building. The paper also describes the typology’s relationship with the Kanbun 8 regulation. The knowledge derived is expected to elucidate the situation of the mountain-dwelling religious community in that period.","PeriodicalId":486779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of architecture,planning and environmental engineering","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135162067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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